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Chesworth BM, Patel K, Redfern J, Watkins CL, Rogers SN, Hackett ML, Walker MF, Lightbody CE. Development of the stroke patient concerns inventory: A modified Delphi study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107053. [PMID: 36958102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stroke survivors often have unmet physical, psychological and/or social concerns. Patient Concerns Inventories (PCIs) have been developed for other health conditions to address concerns. Our objective was to develop a PCI for stroke care. METHODS This was a development study, including Modified Delphi study design, with academic and healthcare professionals with stroke care expertise. In Stage 1, a draft Stroke PCI (Version 1a) was created through identifying patient-reported concerns post-stroke from three previous studies and through expert panel discussions using Nominal Group Technique. In Stage 2, Version 1a was sent to 92 academic and healthcare professionals with stroke care expertise. Participants ranked their top 20 Stroke PCI items in order of importance and provided feedback. Rankings were converted into scores, and, with the feedback, used to amend the Stroke PCI. Two further rounds of feedback followed until consensus was reached between participants. A final draft of the Stroke PCI was created. RESULTS In stage 1, 64 potential Stroke PCI items were generated. In Stage 2, 38 participants (41.3%) responded to the request to rank Stroke PCI items. The three highest ranked items were 'Risk of another stroke', 'Walking', 'Recovery'. After three rounds of feedback and amendments, the final draft of the Stroke PCI consisted of 53 items. CONCLUSIONS A Stroke PCI has been developed using patient-reported concerns in previous studies and input from academic and healthcare professionals. Future work will involve gathering further feedback on the tool and exploring its acceptability and usability in a pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigit M Chesworth
- Public Health, St Helen and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Kulsum Patel
- Faculty of Health and Care, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Redfern
- Faculty of Health and Care, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline L Watkins
- Faculty of Health and Care, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Simon N Rogers
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Maree L Hackett
- Faculty of Health and Care, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom; The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Catherine E Lightbody
- Faculty of Health and Care, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom; Stroke Service, Lancashire Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
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Kanatas A, Lowe D, Rogers SN. The Patient Concerns Inventory in head and neck oncology: a structured review of its development, validation and clinical implications. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:5097-5111. [PMID: 35842858 PMCID: PMC9519723 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The Patient Concerns Inventory (PCI) is a condition specific prompt list that was initially developed for head and neck cancer (HNC) and is referred to as the PCI–HN. There have been numerous publications regarding the PCI–HN, since it was first published in 2009. To date, there has not been a review of its development, validation and clinical implications. A collation of relevant papers into key sections allows multidisciplinary teams and researchers to have an overview of the PCI–HN’s background, evaluation and utility. This is essential if colleagues are to have confidence in the tool and be able to reflect on how to optimise its use in clinical practice. Methods Five search engines were used: EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Handle-on-QOL for the specific term ‘Patient Concerns Inventory’ up to and including 1st February 2022. In addition, an accumulation of PCI–HN data of 507 HNC patients was drawn from previous studies in Liverpool and Leeds between 2007 and 2020 and was analysed specifically for this paper. Results 54 papers relating to the PCI–HN were identified. The review is structured into eight sections: (1) What is the PCI–HN and how does it work; (2) Feasibility and acceptability; (3) Psychometrics; (4) Items selected and frequency (5) Associations with Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) and casemix; (6) Other observational studies; (7) Randomised trial evaluation; (8) General discussion and further research. Conclusions As the term PCI is quite ubiquitous and produces many hits when searching the literature, this review provides a very concise and convenient historical context for the PCI–HN and collates the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Kanatas
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds Dental Institute and Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Simon N. Rogers
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4QP UK
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Liverpool University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK
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Quality of health assessment in oral cancer patients postoperatively – A retrospective study. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2021.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Bartella AK, Kamal M, Gerwing D, Halama D, Kloss-Brandstätter A, Pausch N, Hölzle F, Lethaus B. Quality of life in patients with oral hard or soft tissue defects after reconstructive microsurgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:70-75. [PMID: 33229060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
With current advances in medicine, many surgical methods have emerged for the reconstruction of soft and hard tissue defects of the head and neck. Current literature provides only a limited amount of evidence in studies addressing differences in quality of life for specific therapeutic measures in microvascular reconstruction. The validated University of Washington quality of life questionnaire version 4 (UW-QoL v4), a distress thermometer, and two questions addressing donor-site morbidity were sent to 134 patients at a tertiary care centre. All participants had undergone a type of microvascular reconstructive surgery of the head and neck. They were distributed into three groups according to the defect and type of treatment: defects reconstructed by soft-tissue microvascular tissue transfer, defects involving the hard tissue and treated by alloplastic reconstruction, and hard tissue defects receiving microvascular osseous reconstruction. A total of 82 patients completed the questionnaire in full and returned it. Patients from all the groups showed improved distress thermometer values postoperatively. Those who underwent osseous microvascular reconstruction had better functional items than those who had alloplastic reconstruction plates. Donor-site morbidity was rated low in all groups. Microvascular osseous reconstructive surgery might help to improve functional outcomes in patients with osseous defects more than alloplastic reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Bartella
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mohammad Kamal
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Deborah Gerwing
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dirk Halama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Niels Pausch
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lethaus
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Souza FGR, Santos IC, Bergmann A, Thuler LCS, Freitas AS, Freitas EQ, Dias FL. Quality of life after total laryngectomy: impact of different vocal rehabilitation methods in a middle income country. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:92. [PMID: 32245483 PMCID: PMC7126368 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-1281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of advanced laryngeal cancer and its extensive surgical treatments cause significant morbidity for these patients. Total laryngectomy impacts essential functions such as breathing, communication and swallowing, and may influence the quality of life as well as affecting the social life of laryngeal cancer patients. OBJECTIVE Describe the quality of life and analyze the factors associated with the reduced quality of life in patients who have undergone total laryngectomy. METHOD Observational cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the quality of life of patients who had undergone total laryngectomy due to laryngeal cancer. The fourth version of the UW-QOL Quality of Life Assessment Questionnaire from Washington University, validated for Portuguese, was used. RESULTS The study population was 95 patients, and the mean composite score of the QOL was 80.4. In the subjective domains the majority of the patients (38.9%) reported they felt much better at present compared to the month before being diagnosed with cancer. When questioned about how they evaluated their health-related quality of life, there was a predominance of those who considered it good (43.2%), and most considered they had a good quality of life (46.3%) considering personal well-being. The overall quality of life was considered good to excellent by 83.2% of the patients. Patients with tracheoesophageal prosthesis reported a better quality of life, compared to patients using an electrolarynx or esophageal voice. CONCLUSION The high mean value of the composite score for quality of life revealed that the patients assessed their quality of life positively. The absence of vocal emission was the only variable associated with a lower quality of life within the composite score according to the UW-QOL questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G R Souza
- Researcher Psychologist from Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, INCA, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, Rio de Janeiro, 20230-130, Brazil.
| | - I C Santos
- Head and Neck Surgeon from the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Bergmann
- Clinical Research and Technology Incorporation Coordination, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L C S Thuler
- Clinical Research and Technology Incorporation Coordination, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A S Freitas
- Speech-Language Pathologist from Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Q Freitas
- Head and Neck Surgeon from the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F L Dias
- Head and Neck Surgeon from the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Rogers SN, Alvear A, Anesi A, Babin E, Balik A, Batstone M, Brockmeyer P, Carrasco CC, Chien CY, Chirila M, Dholam KP, Doss JG, Finizia C, Ghani WMN, Gurav SV, Kadir K, Kolator M, Lima R, Lin YT, Nhongo S, Ozdemir-Karatas M, Peker K, Pesic Z, Ransy P, Santos I, Schliephake H, Shah K, Souza F, Sunil G, Thankappan K, Ehrsson YT, Tiple C, Tuomi L, Valerini S, Lara PV, Zatoński T, Lowe D. Variations in concerns reported on the patient concerns inventory in patients with head and neck cancer from different health settings across the world. Head Neck 2019; 42:498-512. [PMID: 31833121 PMCID: PMC7079080 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to collate and contrast patient concerns from a range of different head and neck cancer follow‐up clinics around the world. Also, we sought to explore the relationship, if any, between responses to the patient concerns inventory (PCI) and overall quality of life (QOL). Methods Nineteen units participated with intention of including 100 patients per site as close to a consecutive series as possible in order to minimize selection bias. Results There were 2136 patients with a median total number of PCI items selected of 5 (2‐10). “Fear of the cancer returning” (39%) and “dry mouth” (37%) were most common. Twenty‐five percent (524) reported less than good QOL. Conclusion There was considerable variation between units in the number of items selected and in overall QOL, even after allowing for case‐mix variables. There was a strong progressive association between the number of PCI items and QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Rogers
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre (EPRC), Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Liverpool, UK.,Consultant Regional Maxillofacial Unit, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Alexandre Anesi
- Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Babin
- Hospital Côte de Nacre, ANTICIPE, University Caen-Normandy
| | - Ali Balik
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Martin Batstone
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Phillipp Brockmeyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Chih-Yen Chien
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Magdalena Chirila
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Emergency County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Kanchan P Dholam
- Department of Dental and Prosthetic Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Jennifer G Doss
- Department of Community Oral Health & Clinical Prevention, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Caterina Finizia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wan M Nabilah Ghani
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sandeep V Gurav
- Department of Dental and Prosthetic Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Kathreena Kadir
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgical & Medical Sciences, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mateusz Kolator
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Roberto Lima
- Brazilian National Health Institution, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yu-Tsai Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Simon Nhongo
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Meltem Ozdemir-Karatas
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Peker
- Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zoran Pesic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinic of Dentistry, Medicine Faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Pierre Ransy
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, C.H.U. Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Izabella Santos
- Brazilian National Health Institution, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henning Schliephake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Fernanda Souza
- Brazilian National Health Institution, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Geethu Sunil
- Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Krishnakumar Thankappan
- Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Ylva Tiblom Ehrsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cristina Tiple
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Emergency County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lisa Tuomi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Valerini
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Tomasz Zatoński
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Derek Lowe
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre (EPRC), Faculty of Health, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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Rogers SN, Thomson F, Lowe D. The Patient Concerns Inventory integrated as part of routine head and neck cancer follow-up consultations: frequency, case-mix, and items initiated by the patient. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:209-215. [PMID: 29364010 PMCID: PMC5930095 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance Improving Supportive and Palliative Care for Adults with Cancer (2004) and the Cancer Reform Strategy (2007) support the premise that assessment and discussion of patients' needs for physical, social, psychological, and spiritual wellbeing should be undertaken during oncology follow-up. We report the use of the Patient Concerns Inventory in a routine head and neck cancer clinic setting over a seven-year period, summarising the number of available clinics, the number of patients completing the inventory within a clinic, the range of clinical characteristics and the concerns they wanted to discuss. Methods The data were analysed from oncology follow-up clinics between 1 August 2007 and 10 December 2014. Audit approval was given by the Clinical Audit Department, University Hospital Aintree. Results There were 386 patients with 1198 inventories completed at 220 clinics, median 6 (range 4-7) per clinic. The most common concerns raised by patients across all the clinic consultations were dry mouth (34%), fear of recurrence (33%), sore mouth (26%), dental health (25%), chewing (22%) and fatigue/tiredness (21%). Conclusions The incorporation of the Patient Concerns Inventory as part of routine oncology clinics allows for a more patient initiated and focused consultation available to the majority of patients throughout their follow-up. The inventory allows for greater opportunity to provide holistic targeted multiprofessional intervention and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- SN Rogers
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK
| | - F Thomson
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Lowe
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK
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Semple C, Lannon D, Qudairat E, McCaughan E, McCormac R. Development and evaluation of a holistic surgical head and neck cancer post-treatment follow-up clinic using touchscreen technology-Feasibility study. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2018; 27:e12809. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.J. Semple
- South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust; Ulster Hospital; Belfast UK
- Institute of Nursing Research; Ulster University; Coleraine UK
| | - D. Lannon
- South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust; Ulster Hospital; Belfast UK
| | - E. Qudairat
- South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust; Ulster Hospital; Belfast UK
| | - E. McCaughan
- Institute of Nursing Research; Ulster University; Coleraine UK
| | - R. McCormac
- South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust; Ulster Hospital; Belfast UK
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Rogers S, Ahiaku S, Lowe D. Is routine holistic assessment with a prompt list feasible during consultations after treatment for oral cancer? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 56:24-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rogers SN, Barber B. Using PROMs to guide patients and practitioners through the head and neck cancer journey. PATIENT-RELATED OUTCOME MEASURES 2017; 8:133-142. [PMID: 29184455 PMCID: PMC5687779 DOI: 10.2147/prom.s129012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following head and neck cancer (HNC) has the capacity to substantially enhance the care of patients and their care-givers following the diagnosis and treatment of HNC. Literature concerning PROMs has increased exponentially in the past 2 decades, producing a vast array of data upon which the multidisciplinary team can reflect. For this review, “Handle On QOL” has been used as a source of references to illustrate the points raised. PROMs are contextualized by considering the clinically-distinct key stages that cancer patients endure: diagnosis, treatment, acute toxicity, early recovery, late effects, recurrence, and palliation. The PROMs are considered in six main categories: 1) those addressing cornucopia of issues not specific to cancer; 2) those addressing issues common to all cancers; 3) questionnaires with items specific to HNC; 4) questionnaires that focus on a particular aspect of head and neck function; 5) those measuring psychological concerns, such as depression, anxiety, or self-esteem; and 6) item prompt lists. Potential benefits of PROMs in clinical practice are discussed, as are barriers to use. The way forward in integrating PROMs into routine HNC care is discussed with an emphasis on information technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Rogers
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre (EPRC), Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK.,Regional Maxillofacial Unit, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brittany Barber
- Head and Neck Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (MSSM), New York, NY, USA
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Worrell E, Worrell L, Bisase B. Care of long-term survivors of head and neck cancer after treatment with oral or facial prostheses, or both. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:685-690. [PMID: 28552611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The current evidence of good practice in the delivery of long-term supportive care to patients who have been treated for head and neck cancer is sparse. We recruited 10 survivors so that we could follow their experience after their acute treatment was over. There were six men (mean (range) age 72 (54-86) years) and four women (mean (range) age 69 (67-73) years). After ethics committee approval had been given, we used structured interviews and questionnaires to investigate the impact of the resection and reconstruction, the patients' perceived needs, and their use of supportive care services. Their experiences were in line with current treatment of head and neck cancer. Whether they would survive the cancer was an initial fear (up to a year postoperatively), and some subjects reported problems more than five years after treatment, particularly with swallowing, quality of saliva, and intelligible speech. This small group of survivors of head and neck cancer maintained a good quality of life physically, socially, and emotionally. Limitations were put down to their age rather than their diagnosis of cancer or their rehabilitation. Analysis of their perceived needs showed that supportive care services were readily available and were valued by the patients, and that all their needs were met.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Worrell
- Maxillofacial Department, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, East Sussex, RH19 3DZ, UK.
| | - L Worrell
- Maxillofacial Department, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, East Sussex, RH19 3DZ, UK
| | - B Bisase
- Maxillofacial Department, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, East Sussex, RH19 3DZ, UK
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12
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Aguilar ML, Sandow P, Werning JW, Brenneman L, Psoter WJ. The Head and Neck Cancer Patient Concern Inventory © : Patient Concerns' Prevalence, Dental Concerns' Impact, and Relationships of Concerns with Quality of Life Measures. J Prosthodont 2017; 26:186-195. [PMID: 28220985 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Patient Concern Inventory© (PCI) is a clinical tool of self-reported patient concerns to be used by the clinician to structure the patient-oncologist visit. It was developed in the United Kingdom to address the issues of quality of life (QOL) in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. The purpose of the study reported here was to determine the prevalence of PCI© items, the associations between PCI© items and QOL, and to explore the importance of oral/dental issues in the patient's well-being. METHODS The PCI© and the University of Washington (UW-QOLv4) instruments were self-administered by an HNC population in a cross-sectional study. Following an a priori sample size estimate, consecutive HNC patients attending at the University of Florida's Oral Medicine and the ENT Clinics had the study described, eligibility assessed, and if eligible, were invited to participate in the study. Participants completed the PCI© and UW-QOL. PCI© issues prevalence was determined, and for those with a ≥10% prevalence: 1) Fisher's exact test was used to test for statistical differences between treatments, and 2) multivariable regression was used to test each of the prevalent PCI© issues across four QOL measures, health in the last 7 days, overall QOL in the last 7 days, and the physical and social domain scores. RESULTS Twenty of 45 PCI© issues had a prevalence ≥10%. Of the 15 prevalent items statistically associated with a QOL measure, four issues are the clinical responsibility of the dental profession: 1) chewing/eating, 2) dental health/teeth, 3) mouth opening, and 4) salivation. An additional four (eight total, 50%) are of clinical concern for dental clinicians: 5) pain in head/neck, 6) swallowing, 7) speech/voice/being understood, and 8) taste. CONCLUSIONS Dental concerns represent almost half of all PCI© concerns observed in 10% or more of the sample patients. Prosthodontists should support our maxillofacial prosthodontics specialists in joining other oral oncologists and advocate for comprehensive, integrated dental support for HNC patients by assuring dental involvement/inclusion with the multidisciplinary oncology team and a research agenda to established best patient-centered outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Aguilar
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL
| | - Pamela Sandow
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL
| | - John W Werning
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lia Brenneman
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Walter J Psoter
- Department of Dentistry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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Gobbo M, Bullo F, Perinetti G, Gatto A, Ottaviani G, Biasotto M, Tirelli G. Diagnostic and therapeutic features associated with modification of quality-of-life's outcomes between one and six months after major surgery for head and neck cancer. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 82:548-57. [PMID: 26878840 PMCID: PMC9444670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Treatments used in head and neck cancer greatly impact the physical, psychological and functional state of patients. Evaluation of quality of life has become an integral part of the treatment. Objective This retrospective study evaluates features involved in changes in quality of life after major surgery for head and neck cancer within six months, according to self-reported outcomes. Methods One hundred and thirty patients completed the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire one and six months after major surgery for head and neck cancer. A multivariate model was used to evaluate which diagnostic and therapeutic features were related to improvement of quality of life within a six-month period. Results Significant improvement in most features related to quality of life was already recognizable at six months. Patients submitted to more invasive treatment had the biggest improvement in quality of life between time-points, as well as those patients with bigger tumors. Conclusion After major surgery, patients may undergo fast recovery, with overall quality of life likely to improve in the short-term. Clinicians must be aware of the importance of dealing with treatment-related issues immediately after surgery, with hopeful possibility of on-the-upgrade results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Gobbo
- Dental Science Department, Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Federica Bullo
- University of Trieste, Hospital of Cattinara, ENT Clinic, Head and Neck Department, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perinetti
- Dental Science Department, Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Annalisa Gatto
- University of Trieste, Hospital of Cattinara, ENT Clinic, Head and Neck Department, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Ottaviani
- Dental Science Department, Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Biasotto
- Dental Science Department, Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- University of Trieste, Hospital of Cattinara, ENT Clinic, Head and Neck Department, Trieste, Italy
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Wall LR, Cartmill B, Ward EC, Hill AJ, Isenring E, Byrnes J, Chambers S, Dunn J, Nixon J, Whelan J, Porceddu SV. “ScreenIT”: Computerized screening of swallowing, nutrition and distress in head and neck cancer patients during (chemo)radiotherapy. Oral Oncol 2016; 54:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rogers SN, Lowe D, Kanatas A. Suitability of the Patient Concerns Inventory as a holistic screening tool in routine head and neck cancer follow-up clinics. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 54:415-21. [PMID: 26919767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In patients with cancer of the head and neck, efficient screening for problems can improve care and the management of resources. We explored use of the Patient Concerns Inventory (PCI-HN) as a holistic screening tool in the follow up of these patients. Between August 2007 and January 2013, 464 patients completed the PCI-HN and the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire version 4 (UWQoL) immediately before their routine follow-up consultations. The median (IQR) number of items selected on the inventory was 3 (1-6). This was associated (p<0.001) with the number of serious problems (dysfunction) in the 12 UWQoL domains (Spearman's correlation, rs=0.51), overall QoL (rs=-0.41), and the 2 UWQoL subscale scores of physical (rs=-0.46) and social-emotional (rs=-0.53) function. Binary regression to predict an overall outcome of "less than good" indicated that use of the PCI could be better than just recording clinical characteristics. Some patients however, chose few PCI items and had numerous problems. The inventory may have a role in the screening of patients with cancer of the head and neck, particularly in relation to social-emotional function and overall QoL, and may have added value when used with the UWQoL-v4. The total number of PCI items selected is a useful predictor of QoL. Further research is required to confirm suitable limits, and to find out whether additional support and repeated use of the inventory over time improve QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Rogers
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, L39 4QP; Consultant Regional Maxillofacial Unit, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, L9 1AE, UK.
| | - D Lowe
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, L39 4QP.
| | - A Kanatas
- Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals and St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds General Infirmary, LS1 3EX.
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Ahmed AE, Lowe D, Kirton JA, O’Brien MR, Mediana A, Frankland H, Bruce H, Kennedy T, Rogers SN, Moots RJ. Development of a Rheumatology-specific Patient Concerns Inventory and Its Use in the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic Setting. J Rheumatol 2016; 43:779-87. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Successful management of rheumatic conditions involves increasing complexity of care. Delivering this in a holistic way is a growing challenge. The aim of our study was to develop a Patient Concerns Inventory (PCI) and assess it in the rheumatology clinic setting.Methods.This observational exploratory study occurred with 2 phases. In phase I, the PCI was developed after a systematic literature search, expert opinion, and 3 patient focus group discussions. In phase II, the PCI was piloted in a general rheumatology clinic.Results.Fifty-four patients were assessed in the pre-PCI group and 51 in the post-PCI group. Median (IQR) duration of consultation was 8 min (5–14) without PCI and 15 min (10–20) with PCI. The pre-PCI group raised 335 concerns from 50 patients, median (IQR) of 5 (3–10) per patient, rising post-PCI to 521 concerns, median (IQR) of 9 (5–16) from 51 patients, p = 0.002. Additional concerns predominantly arose from “physical and functional well-being” and “social care and well-being” domains. Most patients rated their experience with their doctor in the consultation as excellent or outstanding across all 11 questions in the questionnaire, both before and after the introduction of the PCI to the clinic setting.Conclusion.The PCI is a useful holistic needs assessment tool for rheumatology clinics. Although its use may initially prolong the consultation slightly, patients can raise a significantly higher number of concerns, which does not occur at the expense of patient satisfaction. This may help in identifying areas of unmet needs that previously went unnoticed.
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Gobbo M, Ottaviani G, Rupel K, Ciriello F, Beorchia A, Di Lenarda R, Zacchigna S, Biasotto M. Same strategy for pitfalls of radiotherapy in different anatomical districts. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:471-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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A United Kingdom survey of concerns, needs, and priorities reported by patients diagnosed with acoustic neuroma. Otol Neurotol 2015; 36:486-90. [PMID: 25118579 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000000556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Patient Concerns Inventory-Acoustic Neuroma (PCI-AN) was developed to explore specifically the concerns that patients would like to discuss during their clinic consultation. The PCI covers a range of issues including hearing, intimacy, fatigue, financial/benefits, relationships, regret, and support for family. It also lists multidisciplinary team (MDT) members that patients would like to see or be referred on to. METHOD The PCI-AN was emailed to members of the British Acoustic Neuroma Association. RESULTS A total of 465 complete (54.5%) responses were received. There were 284 female and 181 male subjects. Overall, the most common treatment modality was surgical excision (47%). A quarter of the study cohort had stereotactic radiosurgery, whereas 23% were conservatively managed with interval MRI scanning. The remaining 5% had both surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery. From the 55-item PCI-AN, the most commonly selected issues that patients wanted to talk about were related to the physical and functional well-being and treatment received. Tinnitus was the most frequently selected issue (46%), followed by fatigue/tiredness (43%), dizziness (33%), further investigation (39%), acoustic neuroma treatment (38%), and energy levels (32%). More than a quarter of the respondents had fears of their acoustic neuroma recurring (29%), had concerns about their facial appearance/ palsy (29%), or suffered pain in the head and neck region (26%). The 3 health-care professionals patients most wanted to talk with either in clinic or by referral were as follows: ENT/neurosurgeon (39%), vestibular (balance) physiotherapist (39%), and audiologist (39%). Although it was unknown how many respondents had facial palsy, 21% wanted to see a facial palsy physiotherapist, and another 10% sought referral to a plastic surgeon. CONCLUSION The PCI-AN has shed light on an interesting array of issues, which may be overlooked by clinicians in busy skull base clinic. The PCI-AN allows for patient-directed consultation and ultimately empowers them to be actively involved in the management of their health.
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Rogers S, Audisio R, Lowe D. Do the elderly raise different issues when using the Patient Concerns Inventory in routine head and neck cancer follow-up clinics? Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2015; 24:189-97. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.N. Rogers
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre (EPRC); Faculty of Health and Social Care; Edge Hill University; Ormskirk UK
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit; University Hospital Aintree; Liverpool UK
| | - R.A. Audisio
- St Helens Teaching Hospital; University of Liverpool; St Helens UK
| | - D. Lowe
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre (EPRC); Faculty of Health and Social Care; Edge Hill University; Ormskirk UK
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit; University Hospital Aintree; Liverpool UK
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McLaughlin L, Mahon S. A meta-analysis of the relationship among impaired taste and treatment, treatment type, and tumor site in head and neck cancer treatment survivors. Oncol Nurs Forum 2014; 41:E194-202. [PMID: 24769602 DOI: 10.1188/14.onf.e194-e202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION To understand how taste impairment caused by head and neck cancer treatment changes over time or varies with treatment site or type. LITERATURE SEARCH Ovid MEDLINE® database was searched for reports of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in head and neck cancer treatment survivors (HNCTS), which included taste function in a HRQOL instrument from 1946-2013. Eligible studies compared taste scores from baseline to post-treatment, using two treatment types or two cancer sites. DATA EVALUATION 247 reports were identified; 19 were suitable for meta-analysis. DATA ANALYSIS A series of dichotomous meta-analyses were conducted using comprehensive meta-analysis software .PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS: Taste scores were statistically significantly worse after treatment; the summary effect for the standard measure difference between pretreatment and post-treatment taste scores was 0.353 (p < 0.001). Patients treated with radiation therapy (RT) reported statistically significant worse taste function post-treatment than those who received no RT; the summary effect for the standard mean differences in taste scores was 0.77 (p = 0.001). Differences in tumor site were not significant. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Taste dysfunction is a long-term complication for HNCTS, and nurses should screen survivors for this sensory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne Mahon
- School of Nursing, Saint Louis University in Missouri
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21
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Rogers SN, Lowe D. An evaluation of the Head and Neck Cancer Patient Concerns Inventory across the Merseyside and Cheshire Network. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 52:615-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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'What will I be like' after my diagnosis of head and neck cancer? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 272:2463-72. [PMID: 25047397 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Consequences of treating head and neck cancer are reflected in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) patient-reported outcomes. HRQOL is an important outcome alongside survival and recurrence. However, relatively little HRQOL information is in a format that patients and oncology teams can easily interpret as a guide to likely outcomes following curative treatment. The study aim was to collate University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL) questionnaires collected 1995-2012 at the Regional Head and Neck Surgical Unit with a view of summarizing key clinical-demographic influences on HRQOL outcomes at 2 years following diagnosis. Patients completing UW-QOL questionnaires at 9-60 months had their record closest to 2 years selected for cross-sectional analyses, while all questionnaires were analyzed to assess temporal trends. 65 % (1,134) of survivors to 9 months had a UW-QOL record in the cross-sectional analysis (median 23 months). Overall 1,349 completed 5,573 UW-QOL questionnaires. Various associations were seen, notably late overall clinical staging and treatment adversely associated with UW-QOL physical functioning domains. Logistic regression was used to better understand the predictive factors of UW-QOL outcome and determined the final formatting of tables for results. These tables provide important reference data about UW-QOL outcome at 2 years relevant to patients at the outset of their cancer journey. The increasing amount of HRQOL data allows for quite detailed subgroup analysis, which can help give patients and the clinical team a better understanding of likely long-term HRQOL outcomes. How this is best utilized in clinical care needs further evaluation.
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Recommendations for Patient-reported Outcome Measures for Head and Neck Cancer-related Shoulder Dysfunction: A Systematic Review. REHABILITATION ONCOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/01893697-201432030-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Metcalfe CW, Lowe D, Rogers SN. What patients consider important: temporal variations by early and late stage oral, oropharyngeal and laryngeal subsites. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013; 42:641-7. [PMID: 24238983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional outcomes are of high priority to cancer patients and are relevant when considering treatment strategies. This study aimed to collate and analyse importance rankings of UW-QOL over time for patients treated with curative intent for primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma between 2000 and 2010, and to compare early and late stage oral, oropharyngeal and laryngeal subsites. There were 1614 patients comprising oral cavity 47% (751), oropharyngeal 24% (382), laryngeal 20% (320) and other HNC locations 10% (161). Items of importance remained relatively stable within clinical groups but there were notable differences between groups. For patients with early oral tumours no domain was especially dominant, whereas for late oral tumours swallowing, chewing, speech and saliva were selected more often. Swallowing and saliva were more important in oropharyngeal tumours, as was taste with more advanced oropharyngeal tumours. Speech and activity were important for those with early laryngeal tumours, as were swallowing and speech for more advanced laryngeal tumours. Swallowing and saliva were more important in advanced tumours for all sites. This data confirms the priority patients place on swallowing, chewing, speech, and saliva, therefore curative treatments should optimise these functions wherever possible and provide access to post-treatment interventions as required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Metcalfe
- Regional Head and Neck Unit, University Hospital Aintree, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Derek Lowe
- Regional Head and Neck Unit, University Hospital Aintree, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Simon N Rogers
- Regional Head and Neck Unit, University Hospital Aintree, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom.
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Ghazali N, Kanatas A, Bekiroglu F, Scott B, Lowe D, Rogers SN. The Patient Concerns Inventory: A Tool to Uncover Unmet Needs in a Cancer Outpatient Clinic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1308/147363513x13500508919899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Patient Concerns Inventory (PCI) is a holistic, patient reported tool that aids in identifying concerns and issues. it is a 55-item checklist of issues that may be grouped into categories of general function, specific head and neck function, emotional-psychological and others, which include finances, treatment related matters and social care. The PCI also gives patients an opportunity to identify from a list of 15 multidisciplinary team (MDT) members whom they would like to see or be referred on to.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ghazali
- Clinical Research Fellow, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Kanatas
- Specialist Registrar, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - F Bekiroglu
- Consultant, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - B Scott
- Senior Physiotherapist, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Lowe
- Medical Statistician, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - SN Rogers
- Consultant, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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