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D’Elia G, Caliendo G, Passariello L, Albanese L, Makker J, Molinari AM, Vietri MT. Hereditary Cancer Syndrome in a Family with Double Mutation in BRIP1 and MUTYH Genes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:428. [PMID: 36833355 PMCID: PMC9957058 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancer syndromes predispose to several types of cancer due to inherited pathogenic variants in susceptibility genes. We describe the case of a 57-year-old woman, diagnosed with breast cancer, and her family. The proband belongs to a family with a suspected tumor syndrome, due to other cancer cases in her family from the paternal and maternal sides. After oncogenetic counseling, she was subjected to mutational analysis with an NGS panel analyzing 27 genes. The genetic analysis showed two monoallelic mutations in low penetrance genes, c.1187G>A (p.G396D) in MUTYH and c.55dup (p.Tyr19Leufs*2) in BRIP1. One of the mutations was inherited from the maternal side and the other from the paternal side, suggesting two different cancer syndrome types in the family. MUTYH mutation was related to the onset of cancers on the paternal side, as confirmed by the occurrence of the same mutation in the proband's cousin. BRIP1 mutation was found in the proband's mother, indicating that it was related to the cancer cases observed on the maternal side, including breast cancer and sarcoma. Advances in NGS technologies have allowed the identification of mutations in families with hereditary cancers in genes other than those related to a specific suspected syndrome. A complete oncogenetic counseling, together with molecular tests that enable a simultaneous analysis of multiple genes, is essential for the identification of a correct tumor syndrome and for clinical decision-making in a patient and his/her family. The detection of mutations in multiple susceptibility genes allows the initiation of early risk-reducing measures for identified mutation carriers among family members and to include them in a proper surveillance program for specific syndromes. Moreover, it may enable an adapted treatment for the affected patient, permitting personalized therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna D’Elia
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gemma Caliendo
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luana Passariello
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Albanese
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Jasmine Makker
- Department of GKT, School of Medical Education, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Anna Maria Molinari
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- Unity of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, AOU University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Larsson Wexell C, Bergenblock S, Kovács A. A Case Report on Gardner Syndrome With Dental Implant Treatment and a Long-Term Follow-Up. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 77:1617-1627. [PMID: 30959012 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A case of Gardner syndrome (GS) in a 37-year-old woman is presented in which rehabilitation with dental implant treatment was followed for 7 years. The course of diagnostics and treatment is followed through an overview of 45 tissue biopsy and cytology samples during a period of 30 years. The patient was diagnosed with GS after a routine review of an oral panoramic radiograph presenting with multiple osteomas and multiple unerupted supernumerary teeth. Biopsy results and surgical procedures with histopathologic diagnoses from 1986 to 2016 are presented. Histologic analysis of the sampled jawbone showed a picture similar to an osteoid osteoma. The installed implant was functionally stable, with no clinical or radiographic events observed at yearly visits, for 7 years. In 1991, benign tumors appeared; in 2014, multiple adenomas were found in the small intestine and rectum. This case report shows the potential for dental implant treatment in a patient with GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Larsson Wexell
- Associate Professor and Senior Consultant in OMFS, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Lund; Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Sibel Bergenblock
- Senior Consultant in Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Public Dental Health Service, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anikó Kovács
- Associate Professor and Senior Consultant in General Pathology, Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Perkowska A, Flisikowska T, Perleberg C, Flisikowski K, Stachowiak M, Nowacka-Woszuk J, Saur D, Kind A, Schnieke A, Switonski M. The expression of TAP1 candidate gene, but not its polymorphism and methylation, is associated with colonic polyp formation in a porcine model of human familial adenomatous polyposis. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 31:306-313. [PMID: 30950765 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1590377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In humans, the dysfunction of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene causes hereditary familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The severity of polyposis varies between individuals, but genetic basis for this is in large part unknown. This variability also occurs in our porcine model of FAP, based on an APC1311 mutation (orthologous to human APC1309). Since loss of TAP1 function can lead to CRC in humans, we searched for germline polymorphisms in APC1311/+ pigs with low (LP) and high (HP) levels of polyposis, as well as in wild-type pigs representing six breeds and a commercial line. The distribution of 40 identified polymorphic variants was similar in the LP and HP pigs. In contrast, the TAP1 transcript level was significantly higher in normal colon mucosa of HP pigs than in LP pigs. Moreover, six SNPs showed significant effects on TAP1 promoter activity, but no correlation with severity of polyposis was observed. Analysis of DNA methylation in the promoter region showed that one CpG site differed significantly between LP and HP pigs. We conclude that TAP1 genotype may not itself be associated with polyposis, but our findings concerning its expression suggest a role in the development of polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Perkowska
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tatiana Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Carolin Perleberg
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Monika Stachowiak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dieter Saur
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marek Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Elevated expression of p53 in early colon polyps in a pig model of human familial adenomatous polyposis. J Appl Genet 2018; 59:485-491. [PMID: 30145695 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-018-0461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary predisposition to formation of colon polyps that can progress to colorectal cancer (CRC). The severity of polyposis varies substantially within families bearing the same germline mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumour suppressor gene. The progressive step-wise accumulation of genetic events in tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes leads to oncogenic transformation, with driver alterations in the tumour protein p53 (TP53) gene playing a key role in advanced stage CRC. We analysed groups of pigs carrying a truncating mutation in APC (APC1311/+; orthologous to human APC1309/+) to study the influence of TP53 polymorphisms and expression on the frequency of polyp formation and polyp progression in early-stage FAP. Five generations of APC1311/+ pigs were examined by colonoscopy for polyposis severity and development. A total of 19 polymorphisms were found in 5'-flanking, coding, and 3' untranslated regions of TP53. The distribution of TP53 genotypes did not differ between APC1311/+ pigs with low (LP) and high (HP) number of colon polyps. p53 mRNA expression was analysed in distally located normal mucosa samples of wild-type pigs, APC1311/+ LP and HP pigs, and also in distally located polyp samples histologically classified as low-grade (LG-IEN) and high-grade intraepithelial dysplastic (HG-IEN) from APC1311/+ pigs. p53 mRNA expression was found to be significantly elevated in HG-IEN compared to LG-IEN samples (p = 0.012), suggesting a role for p53 in the early precancerous stages of polyp development.
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APC and MUTYH Analysis in FAP Patients: A Novel Mutation in APC Gene and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9070322. [PMID: 29954149 PMCID: PMC6071208 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
APC and MUTYH genes are mutated in 70⁻90% and 10⁻30% of familial adenomatous polyposis cases (FAP) respectively. An association between mutation localization and FAP clinical phenotype is reported. The aims of this study were to determine APC and MUTYH mutational status in a small cohort of FAP patients and to evaluate the genotype-phenotype correlation in mutated patients. Here, we report the identification of a novel APC germline mutation, c.510_511insA. Overall, mutational analysis showed pathogenic mutations in 6/10 patients: 5/10 in APC and 1/10 in MUTYH. Additionally, we found three variants of unknown significance in MUTYH gene that showed no evidence of possible splicing defects by in silico analysis. Molecular analysis was also extended to family members of mutated patients. A genotype-phenotype correlation was observed for colonic signs whereas a variation of disease onset age was revealed for the same mutation. Moreover, we found an intrafamilial variability of FAP onset age. Regarding extracolonic manifestations, the development of desmoid tumors was related to surgery and not to mutation position, while a genotype-phenotype correspondence was observed for the onset of thyroid or gastric cancer. These findings can be useful in association to clinical data for early surveillance and suitable treatment of FAP patients.
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Ghorbanoghli Z, Nieuwenhuis MH, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Jagmohan-Changur S, Hes FJ, Tops CM, Wagner A, Aalfs CM, Verhoef S, Gómez García EB, Sijmons RH, Menko FH, Letteboer TG, Hoogerbrugge N, van Wezel T, Vasen HFA, Wijnen JT. Colorectal cancer risk variants at 8q23.3 and 11q23.1 are associated with disease phenotype in APC mutation carriers. Fam Cancer 2017; 15:563-70. [PMID: 26880076 PMCID: PMC5010832 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-016-9877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a dominantly inherited syndrome caused by germline mutations in the APC gene and characterized by the development of multiple colorectal adenomas and a high risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). The severity of polyposis is correlated with the site of the APC mutation. However, there is also phenotypic variability within families with the same underlying APC mutation, suggesting that additional factors influence the severity of polyposis. Genome-wide association studies identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with CRC. We assessed whether these SNPs are associated with polyp multiplicity in proven APC mutation carriers. Sixteen CRC-associated SNPs were analysed in a cohort of 419 APC germline mutation carriers from 182 families. Clinical data were retrieved from the Dutch Polyposis Registry. Allele frequencies of the SNPs were compared for patients with <100 colorectal adenomas versus patients with ≥100 adenomas, using generalized estimating equations with the APC genotype as a covariate. We found a trend of association of two of the tested SNPs with the ≥100 adenoma phenotype: the C alleles of rs16892766 at 8q23.3 (OR 1.71, 95 % CI 1.05-2.76, p = 0.03, dominant model) and rs3802842 at 11q23.1 (OR 1.51, 95 % CI 1.03-2.22, p = 0.04, dominant model). We identified two risk variants that are associated with a more severe phenotype in APC mutation carriers. These risk variants may partly explain the phenotypic variability in families with the same APC gene defect. Further studies with a larger sample size are recommended to evaluate and confirm the phenotypic effect of these SNPs in FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ghorbanoghli
- Netherlands Foundation for the Detetion of Hereditary Tumors, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Rijnsburgerweg 10, 2333 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - M H Nieuwenhuis
- Netherlands Foundation for the Detetion of Hereditary Tumors, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J J Houwing-Duistermaat
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Jagmohan-Changur
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - F J Hes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C M Tops
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Wagner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C M Aalfs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Verhoef
- Family Cancer Clinic, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E B Gómez García
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R H Sijmons
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F H Menko
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T G Letteboer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T van Wezel
- Departments of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H F A Vasen
- Netherlands Foundation for the Detetion of Hereditary Tumors, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Rijnsburgerweg 10, 2333 AA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J T Wijnen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Potjer TP, van der Stoep N, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Konings ICAW, Aalfs CM, van den Akker PC, Ausems MG, Dommering CJ, van der Kolk LE, Maiburg MC, Spruijt L, Wagner A, Vasen HFA, Hes FJ. Pancreatic cancer-associated gene polymorphisms in a nation-wide cohort of p16-Leiden germline mutation carriers; a case-control study. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:264. [PMID: 26111702 PMCID: PMC4480449 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The p16-Leiden founder mutation in the CDKN2A gene is the most common cause of Familial Atypical Multiple Mole Melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome in the Netherlands. Individuals with this mutation are at increased risk for developing melanoma of the skin, as well as pancreatic cancer. However, there is a notable interfamilial variability in the occurrence of pancreatic cancer among p16-Leiden families. We aimed to test whether previously identified genetic risk factors for pancreatic cancer modify the risk for pancreatic cancer in p16-Leiden germline mutation carriers. Methods Seven pancreatic cancer-associated SNPs were selected from the literature and were genotyped in a cohort of 185 p16-Leiden germline mutation carriers from 88 families, including 50 cases (median age 55 years) with pancreatic cancer and 135 controls (median age 64 years) without pancreatic cancer. Allelic odds ratios per SNP were calculated. Results No significant association with pancreatic cancer was found for any of the seven SNPs. Conclusions Since genetic modifiers for developing melanoma have already been identified in CDKN2A mutation carriers, this study does not exclude that genetic modifiers do not play a role in the individual pancreatic cancer risk in this cohort of p16-Leiden germline mutation carriers. The search for these modifiers should therefore continue, because they can potentially facilitate more targeted pancreatic surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Potjer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Nienke van der Stoep
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Ingrid C A W Konings
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Cora M Aalfs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter C van den Akker
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Margreet G Ausems
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Charlotte J Dommering
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Human Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lizet E van der Kolk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Merel C Maiburg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Liesbeth Spruijt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anja Wagner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans F A Vasen
- The Netherlands Foundation for the Detection of Hereditary Tumours, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Frederik J Hes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Cheng THT, Gorman M, Martin L, Barclay E, Casey G, Saunders B, Thomas H, Clark S, Tomlinson I. Common colorectal cancer risk alleles contribute to the multiple colorectal adenoma phenotype, but do not influence colonic polyposis in FAP. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:260-3. [PMID: 24801760 PMCID: PMC4140766 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of multiple (5-100) colorectal adenomas suggests an inherited predisposition, but the genetic aetiology of this phenotype is undetermined if patients test negative for Mendelian polyposis syndromes such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP). We investigated whether 18 common colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could help to explain some cases with multiple adenomas who phenocopied FAP or MAP, but had no pathogenic APC or MUTYH variant. No multiple adenoma case had an outlying number of CRC SNP risk alleles, but multiple adenoma patients did have a significantly higher number of risk alleles than population controls (P=5.7 × 10(-7)). The association was stronger in those with ≥10 adenomas. The CRC SNPs accounted for 4.3% of the variation in multiple adenoma risk, with three SNPs (rs6983267, rs10795668, rs3802842) explaining 3.0% of the variation. In FAP patients, the CRC risk score did not differ significantly from the controls, as we expected given the overwhelming effect of pathogenic germline APC variants on the phenotype of these cases. More unexpectedly, we found no evidence that the CRC SNPs act as modifier genes for the number of colorectal adenomas in FAP patients. In conclusion, common colorectal tumour risk alleles contribute to the development of multiple adenomas in patients without pathogenic germline APC or MUTYH variants. This phenotype may have 'polygenic' or monogenic origins. The risk of CRC in relatives of multiple adenoma cases is probably much lower for cases with polygenic disease, and this should be taken into account when counselling such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H T Cheng
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Maggie Gorman
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Lynn Martin
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Ella Barclay
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Brian Saunders
- Wolfson Unit for Endoscopy, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - Huw Thomas
- Family Cancer Registry, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - Sue Clark
- Polyposis Registry, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
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Russo A, Catania VE, Cavallaro A, Ficili B, Lanteri E, Tralongo P, Cappellani A, Randazzo C, Cammisuli F, Madeddu R, Trichilo V, Libra M, Travali S. Molecular analysis of the APC gene in Sicilian patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (F.A.P.). Int J Surg 2014; 12 Suppl 2:S125-S129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.08.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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