1
|
Swong S, Nicholson A, Smelson D, Rogers ES, El-Shahawy O, Sherman SE. The effectiveness of a telephone smoking cessation program in mental health clinic patients by level of mental well-being and functioning: a secondary data analysis of a randomized clinical trial. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2190. [PMID: 37936218 PMCID: PMC10631029 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16975-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the effectiveness of telephone smoking cessation interventions by severity of behavioral health symptoms. Using data from a telephone counseling study, we examined whether abstinence rates varied by level of behavioral health symptoms. METHODS The parent study recruited adults who smoke cigarettes (N = 577) referred by mental health providers at six Veterans Health Administration facilities. Participants were randomized to specialized telephone counseling (intervention) or state Quitline referral (control). Participants completed assessments at baseline and 6 months, including the BASIS-24, a self-report measure of behavioral health symptoms and functioning. We used the BASIS-24 median to dichotomize participants as having high or low scores. The primary outcome was 30-day self-reported abstinence at 6 months. We compared groups on outcomes by logistic regression and performed an interaction effect analysis between treatment assignment and groups. RESULTS At baseline, those with high behavioral health symptoms scores reported heavier nicotine dependence and more sedative and/or antidepressant use, compared to participants with low behavioral health symptoms. At 6 months, participants with low behavioral health symptoms scores in the intervention reported higher rates of 30-day abstinence compared to those in the control arm (26% vs 13%, OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.8, 2.9). People with high behavioral health symptoms scores reported no difference in 30-day abstinence between the treatment assignments at 6 months (12% vs. 13%, OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.6, 2.0). CONCLUSIONS Only participants with low behavioral health symptoms scores reported higher abstinence rates in the intervention compared to the state Quitline. Future research can examine alternative approaches for people with worse mental well-being and functioning. TRIAL REGISTRATION The parent study is registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS gov NCT00724308.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Swong
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016-6402, USA.
| | - Andrew Nicholson
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Smelson
- University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Erin S Rogers
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omar El-Shahawy
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott E Sherman
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rogers ES, Wysota C, Prochaska JJ, Tenner C, Dognin J, Wang B, Sherman SE. A behavioral economic intervention to increase psychiatrist adherence to tobacco treatment guidelines: a provider-randomized study protocol. Implement Sci Commun 2020; 1. [PMID: 32617528 PMCID: PMC7331951 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-020-00011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with a psychiatric diagnosis smoke at high rates, yet are rarely treated for tobacco use. Health care systems often use a 'no treatment' default for tobacco, such that providers must actively choose (opt-in) to treat their patients who express interest in quitting. Default bias theory suggests that opt-in systems may reinforce the status quo to not treat tobacco use in psychiatry. We aim to conduct a pilot study testing an opt-out system for implementing a 3A's (ask, advise, assist) tobacco treatment model in outpatient psychiatry. Methods We will use a mixed-methods, cluster-randomized study design. We will implement a tobacco use clinical reminder for outpatient psychiatrists at the VA New York Harbor Healthcare System. Psychiatrists (N = 20) will be randomized 1:1 to one of two groups: (1) Opt-In Treatment Approach: Psychiatrists will receive a reminder that encourages them to offer cessation medications and referral to cessation counseling; or (2) Opt-Out Treatment Approach: Psychiatrists will receive a clinical reminder that includes a standing cessation medication order and a referral to cessation counseling that will automatically generate unless the provider cancels. Prior to implementation of the reminders, we will hold a 1-hour training on tobacco treatment for psychiatrists in both arms. We will use VA administrative data to calculate the study's primary outcomes: 1) the percent of smokers prescribed a cessation medication and 2) the percent of smokers referred to counseling. During the intervention period, we will also conduct post-visit surveys with a cluster sample of 400 patients (20 per psychiatrist) to assess psychiatrist fidelity to the 3 A's approach and patient perceptions of the opt-out system. At six months, we will survey the clustered patient sample again to evaluate the study's secondary outcomes: 1) patient use of cessation treatment in the prior 6 months and 2) self-reported 7-day abstinence at 6 months. At the end of the intervention period, we will conduct semi-structured interviews with 12-14 psychiatrists asking about their perceptions of the opt-out approach. Discussion This study will produce important data on the potential of opt-out systems to overcome barriers in implementing tobacco use treatment in outpatient psychiatry. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT04071795 (registered August 28, 2019). https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04071795.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin S Rogers
- NYU School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
| | - Christina Wysota
- NYU School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
| | - Judith J Prochaska
- Stanford University, Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, 1265 Welch Road St, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Craig Tenner
- VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, 423 East 23 Street, New York, NY 10010
| | - Joanna Dognin
- VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, 423 East 23 Street, New York, NY 10010
| | - Binhuan Wang
- NYU School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
| | - Scott E Sherman
- NYU School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016; VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, 423 East 23 Street, New York, NY 10010
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telephone services can provide information and support for smokers. Counselling may be provided proactively or offered reactively to callers to smoking cessation helplines. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of telephone support to help smokers quit, including proactive or reactive counselling, or the provision of other information to smokers calling a helpline. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register, clinicaltrials.gov, and the ICTRP for studies of telephone counselling, using search terms including 'hotlines' or 'quitline' or 'helpline'. Date of the most recent search: May 2018. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials which offered proactive or reactive telephone counselling to smokers to assist smoking cessation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. We pooled studies using a random-effects model and assessed statistical heterogeneity amongst subgroups of clinically comparable studies using the I2 statistic. In trials including smokers who did not call a quitline, we used meta-regression to investigate moderation of the effect of telephone counselling by the planned number of calls in the intervention, trial selection of participants that were motivated to quit, and the baseline support provided together with telephone counselling (either self-help only, brief face-to-face intervention, pharmacotherapy, or financial incentives). MAIN RESULTS We identified 104 trials including 111,653 participants that met the inclusion criteria. Participants were mostly adult smokers from the general population, but some studies included teenagers, pregnant women, and people with long-term or mental health conditions. Most trials (58.7%) were at high risk of bias, while 30.8% were at unclear risk, and only 11.5% were at low risk of bias for all domains assessed. Most studies (100/104) assessed proactive telephone counselling, as opposed to reactive forms.Among trials including smokers who contacted helplines (32,484 participants), quit rates were higher for smokers receiving multiple sessions of proactive counselling (risk ratio (RR) 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19 to 1.61; 14 trials, 32,484 participants; I2 = 72%) compared with a control condition providing self-help materials or brief counselling in a single call. Due to the substantial unexplained heterogeneity between studies, we downgraded the certainty of the evidence to moderate.In studies that recruited smokers who did not call a helpline, the provision of telephone counselling increased quit rates (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.35; 65 trials, 41,233 participants; I2 = 52%). Due to the substantial unexplained heterogeneity between studies, we downgraded the certainty of the evidence to moderate. In subgroup analysis, we found no evidence that the effect of telephone counselling depended upon whether or not other interventions were provided (P = 0.21), no evidence that more intensive support was more effective than less intensive (P = 0.43), or that the effect of telephone support depended upon whether or not people were actively trying to quit smoking (P = 0.32). However, in meta-regression, telephone counselling was associated with greater effectiveness when provided as an adjunct to self-help written support (P < 0.01), or to a brief intervention from a health professional (P = 0.02); telephone counselling was less effective when provided as an adjunct to more intensive counselling. Further, telephone support was more effective for people who were motivated to try to quit smoking (P = 0.02). The findings from three additional trials of smokers who had not proactively called a helpline but were offered telephone counselling, found quit rates were higher in those offered three to five telephone calls compared to those offered just one call (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.44; 2602 participants; I2 = 0%). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is moderate-certainty evidence that proactive telephone counselling aids smokers who seek help from quitlines, and moderate-certainty evidence that proactive telephone counselling increases quit rates in smokers in other settings. There is currently insufficient evidence to assess potential variations in effect from differences in the number of contacts, type or timing of telephone counselling, or when telephone counselling is provided as an adjunct to other smoking cessation therapies. Evidence was inconclusive on the effect of reactive telephone counselling, due to a limited number studies, which reflects the difficulty of studying this intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José M. Ordóñez‐Mena
- University of OxfordNuffield Department of Primary Care Health SciencesRadcliffe Observatory QuarterWoodstock RoadOxfordOxfordshireUKOX2 6GG
| | - Jamie Hartmann‐Boyce
- University of OxfordNuffield Department of Primary Care Health SciencesRadcliffe Observatory QuarterWoodstock RoadOxfordOxfordshireUKOX2 6GG
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Mixed methods research-i.e., research that draws on both qualitative and quantitative methods in varying configurations-is well suited to address the increasing complexity of public health problems and their solutions. This review focuses specifically on innovations in mixed methods evaluations of intervention, program or policy (i.e., practice) effectiveness, and implementation. The article begins with an overview of the structure, function, and process of different mixed methods designs and then provides illustrations of their use in effectiveness studies, implementation studies, and combined effectiveness-implementation hybrid studies. The article then examines four specific innovations: procedures for transforming (or "quantitizing") qualitative data, application of rapid assessment and analysis procedures in the context of mixed methods studies, development of measures to assess implementation outcomes, and strategies for conducting both random and purposive sampling, particularly in implementation-focused evaluation research. The article concludes with an assessment of challenges to integrating qualitative and quantitative data in evaluation research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Palinkas
- Department of Children, Youth and Families, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA; ,
| | - Sapna J Mendon
- Department of Children, Youth and Families, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA; ,
| | - Alison B Hamilton
- UCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024-1759, USA; .,VA Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Designing a theory-based intervention to improve the guideline-concordant use of imaging to stage incident prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:246-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
6
|
Chinman M, Daniels K, Smith J, McCarthy S, Medoff D, Peeples A, Goldberg R. Provision of peer specialist services in VA patient aligned care teams: protocol for testing a cluster randomized implementation trial. Implement Sci 2017; 12:57. [PMID: 28464935 PMCID: PMC5414325 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-017-0587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over 1100 Veterans work in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) as peer specialists (PSs). PSs are Veterans with formal training who provide support to other Veterans with similar diagnoses, primarily in mental health settings. A White House Executive Action mandated the pilot reassignment of VHA PSs from mental health to 25 primary care Patient Aligned Care Teams (PACT) in order to broaden the provision of wellness services that can address many chronic illnesses. An evaluation of this initiative was undertaken to assess the impact of outside assistance on the deployment of PS in PACT, as implementation support is often needed to prevent challenges commonly experienced when first deploying PSs in VHA settings. We present the protocol for this cluster-randomized hybrid type II trial to test the impact of standard implementation (receive minimal assistance) vs. facilitated implementation (receive outside assistance) on the deployment of VHA PSs in PACT. Methods A VHA Office of Mental Health Services work group is recruiting 25 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers to reassign a mental health PSs to provide wellness-oriented care in PACT. Sites in three successive cohorts (n = 8, 8, 9) beginning over 6-month blocks will be matched and randomized to either standard or facilitated implementation. In facilitated implementation, an outside expert works with site stakeholders through a site visit, regular calls, and performance data to guide the planning and address challenges. Standard implementation sites will receive a webinar and access the Office of Mental Health Services work group. The two conditions will be compared on PS workload data, fidelity to the PS model of service delivery, team functioning, and Veteran measures of activation, satisfaction, and functioning. Qualitative interviews will collect information on implementation barriers and facilitators. Discussion This evaluation will provide critical data to guide administrators and VHA policy makers on future deployment of PSs, as their role has been expanding beyond mental health. In addition, development of novel implementation strategies (facilitation tailored to PSs) and the use of new tools (peer fidelity) can be models for monitoring and supporting deployment of PSs throughout VHA. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02732600 (URL:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02732600)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chinman
- VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Research Office Building (151R), University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA.
| | - Karin Daniels
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeff Smith
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, HSR&D and Mental Health Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI), Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sharon McCarthy
- VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deborah Medoff
- VISN 5 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Psychiatric Services Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Peeples
- VISN 5 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Psychiatric Services Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard Goldberg
- VISN 5 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Psychiatric Services Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Selove R, Birken SA, Skolarus TA, Hahn EE, Sales A, Proctor EK. Using Implementation Science to Examine the Impact of Cancer Survivorship Care Plans. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:3834-3837. [PMID: 27621409 PMCID: PMC5477985 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.67.8060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Selove
- Rebecca Selove, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN; Sarah A. Birken, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Ted A. Skolarus, University of Michigan; Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center for Clinical Management Research; and Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI; Erin E. Hahn, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA; Anne Sales, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and Enola K. Proctor, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Sarah A Birken
- Rebecca Selove, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN; Sarah A. Birken, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Ted A. Skolarus, University of Michigan; Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center for Clinical Management Research; and Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI; Erin E. Hahn, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA; Anne Sales, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and Enola K. Proctor, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Ted A Skolarus
- Rebecca Selove, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN; Sarah A. Birken, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Ted A. Skolarus, University of Michigan; Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center for Clinical Management Research; and Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI; Erin E. Hahn, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA; Anne Sales, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and Enola K. Proctor, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Erin E Hahn
- Rebecca Selove, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN; Sarah A. Birken, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Ted A. Skolarus, University of Michigan; Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center for Clinical Management Research; and Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI; Erin E. Hahn, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA; Anne Sales, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and Enola K. Proctor, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Anne Sales
- Rebecca Selove, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN; Sarah A. Birken, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Ted A. Skolarus, University of Michigan; Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center for Clinical Management Research; and Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI; Erin E. Hahn, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA; Anne Sales, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and Enola K. Proctor, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Enola K Proctor
- Rebecca Selove, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN; Sarah A. Birken, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Ted A. Skolarus, University of Michigan; Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center for Clinical Management Research; and Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI; Erin E. Hahn, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA; Anne Sales, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and Enola K. Proctor, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Haibach JP, Haibach MA, Hall KS, Masheb RM, Little MA, Shepardson RL, Dobmeyer AC, Funderburk JS, Hunter CL, Dundon M, Hausmann LR, Trynosky SK, Goodrich DE, Kilbourne AM, Knight SJ, Talcott GW, Goldstein MG. Military and veteran health behavior research and practice: challenges and opportunities. J Behav Med 2016; 40:175-193. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-016-9794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
9
|
Krebs P, Rogers E, Smelson D, Fu S, Wang B, Sherman S. Relationship between tobacco cessation and mental health outcomes in a tobacco cessation trial. J Health Psychol 2016; 23:1119-1128. [PMID: 27151069 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316644974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Persons with mental health diagnoses use tobacco at alarming rates, yet misperceptions remain about the effect of quitting on mental health outcomes. This article examines the relationship between tobacco cessation and changes in severity of mental illness. Participants were N = 577 veterans with a history of mental health treatment enrolled in a tobacco cessation study. The effects of abstinence and time on Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale-24 summary scores and subscales were examined. Abstinence at both 2 and 6 months post-baseline was related ( p < .0001) to lower Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale-24 summary scores and improvement on three Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale-24 subscales. Providers should recommend and provide tobacco treatment to all mental health patients to improve their physical and mental health functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Krebs
- 1 VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, USA.,2 New York University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Erin Rogers
- 1 VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, USA.,2 New York University School of Medicine, USA
| | - David Smelson
- 3 Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, USA.,4 University of Massachusetts Medical School, USA
| | - Steven Fu
- 5 Minneapolis VA Health Care System, USA
| | | | - Scott Sherman
- 1 VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, USA.,2 New York University School of Medicine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rogers ES, Smelson DA, Gillespie CC, Elbel B, Poole S, Hagedorn HJ, Kalman D, Krebs P, Fang Y, Wang B, Sherman SE. Telephone Smoking-Cessation Counseling for Smokers in Mental Health Clinics: A Patient-Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Prev Med 2016; 50:518-527. [PMID: 26711163 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with a mental health diagnosis have high rates of tobacco use and encounter limited availability of tobacco treatment targeted to their needs. This study compared the effectiveness of a specialized telephone smoking-cessation intervention developed for mental health patients with standard state quit-line counseling. DESIGN RCT. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS The study was conducted at six Veterans Health Administration facilities in the Northeast U.S. Participants were 577 mental health clinic patients referred by their providers for smoking-cessation treatment. INTERVENTION From 2010 to 2012, the study implemented a telephone program that included patient referral from a mental health provider, mailed cessation medications, and telephone counseling. Participants were randomized to receive a specialized multisession telephone counseling protocol (n=270) or transfer to their state's quit-line for counseling (n=307). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants completed telephone surveys at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months. The study's primary outcome was self-reported 30-day abstinence at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were self-reported 30-day abstinence, counseling satisfaction and counseling content at 2 months, and self-reported use of cessation treatment and quit attempts at 6 months. Logistic regression was used to compare treatment groups on outcomes, controlling for baseline cigarettes per day and site. Inverse probability weighting and multiple imputation were used to handle missing abstinence outcomes. Data were analyzed in 2014-2015. RESULTS At 6 months, participants in the specialized counseling arm were more likely to report 30-day abstinence (26% vs 18%, OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.24, 2.11). There was no significant group difference in abstinence at 2 months (18% vs 14%, OR=1.31, 95% CI=0.49, 3.49). Participants in the specialized arm were more likely to be assisted with developing a quit plan; receive follow-up calls after quitting; and receive counseling on several domains, including motivation, confidence, smoking triggers, coping with urges, and mental health symptoms (all p<0.05). Specialized counseling participants were more satisfied with treatment and more likely to find the counseling useful (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The specialized counseling intervention was more effective at helping patients quit than transfer to a state quit-line. Patients were more satisfied with the specialized counseling program. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00724308.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin S Rogers
- VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - David A Smelson
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Colleen C Gillespie
- VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York; Division of General Internal Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Brian Elbel
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Senaida Poole
- California Breast Cancer Research Program, University of California Office of the President, Oakland, California
| | - Hildi J Hagedorn
- Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David Kalman
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Krebs
- VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yixin Fang
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Binhuan Wang
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Scott E Sherman
- VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wong EC, Jaycox LH, Ayer L, Batka C, Harris R, Naftel S, Paddock SM. Evaluating the Implementation of the Re-Engineering Systems of Primary Care Treatment in the Military (RESPECT-Mil). RAND HEALTH QUARTERLY 2015; 5:13. [PMID: 28083389 PMCID: PMC5158293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A RAND team conducted an independent implementation evaluation of the Re-Engineering Systems of Primary Care Treatment in the Military (RESPECT-Mil) Program, a system of care designed to screen, assess, and treat posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among active duty service members in the Army's primary care settings. Evaluating the Implementation of the Re-Engineering Systems of Primary Care Treatment in the Military (RESPECT-Mil) presents the results from RAND's assessment of the implementation of RESPECT-Mil in military treatment facilities and makes recommendations to improve the delivery of mental health care in these settings. Analyses were based on existing program data used to monitor fidelity to RESPECT-Mil across the Army's primary care clinics, as well as discussions with key stakeholders. During the time of the evaluation, efforts were under way to implement the Patient Centered Medical Home, and uncertainties remained about the implications for the RESPECT-Mil program. Consideration of this transition was made in designing the evaluation and applying its findings more broadly to the implementation of collaborative care within military primary care settings.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kikuchi K, Ansah E, Okawa S, Shibanuma A, Gyapong M, Owusu-Agyei S, Oduro A, Quansah-Asare G, Hodgson A, Jimba M. Ghana's Ensure Mothers and Babies Regular Access to Care (EMBRACE) program: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:22. [PMID: 25887849 PMCID: PMC4324027 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-014-0539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals call for improving maternal and child health status. Their progress, however, has been minimal and uneven across countries. The continuum of care is a key to strengthening maternal, newborn, and child health. In this context, the Japanese government launched the Ghana Ensure Mothers and Babies Regular Access to Care (EMBRACE) Implementation Research Project in collaboration with the Ghanaian government. This study aims to evaluate the implementation process and effects of an intervention to increase the continuum of care for maternal, newborn, and child health status in Ghana. Methods/Design We will conduct a cluster randomized controlled trial using an effectiveness-implementation hybrid design in Dodowa, Kintampo, and Navrongo, Ghana. We will provide an intervention package to women living in randomly allocated intervention clusters. The study population is women of reproductive age between the ages of 15 and 49 years. The package includes: 1) use of a new continuum of care card, 2) continuum of care orientation for health workers, 3) 24-hour health facility retention of mothers and newborns after delivery, and 4) postnatal care by home visits. We will measure maternal, newborn, and child health outcomes for both intervention and implementation impacts. The intervention outcomes are continuum of care completion rate, rate of postnatal care within 48 hours, complication rate requiring mothers' and newborns' hospitalizations, and perinatal and neonatal mortality. The implementation outcomes are intervention coverage of the target population, intervention adoption and fidelity, implementation cost, and sustainability. Discussion In this trial, we will investigate how successful continuum of care can contribute to improving maternal, newborn, and child health outcomes. If successful, this model will then be implemented further in Ghana and other neighboring countries. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN90618993. Registered on 3 September 2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimiyo Kikuchi
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Evelyn Ansah
- Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, MB 190, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Sumiyo Okawa
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Akira Shibanuma
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Margaret Gyapong
- Dodowa Health Research Centre, PO Box DD1, Dodowa, Greater Accra, Ghana.
| | - Seth Owusu-Agyei
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, PO Box 200, Kintampo, Brong-Ahafo, Ghana.
| | - Abraham Oduro
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, PO Box 114, Navrongo, Upper East, Ghana.
| | | | - Abraham Hodgson
- Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, MB 190, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Masamine Jimba
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rogers ES, Gillespie C, Zabar S, Sherman SE. Using standardized patients to train telephone counselors for a clinical trial. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:341. [PMID: 24903609 PMCID: PMC4059457 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Standardized Patients (SPs) are actors trained to portray health care patients during the training and assessment of health care providers. This paper describes the methods and costs associated with using SPs to evaluate the skills of telephone counselors working on a clinical trial that evaluated a telephone smoking cessation program tailored for smokers using Department of Veterans Affairs mental health clinics. Findings Conducting the SP exercises required five main steps: (1) Write a SP case description detailing patient demographics, demeanor, clinical symptoms and history, and instructions on how to respond to counseling, (2) Identify, select and train actors to portray the SP cases; (3) Conduct audio-taped counseling encounters between the SPs and counselors, (4) Rate the counselors on their core counseling competencies, (5) Provide feedback to counselors. The SPs and study supervisors reported that the checklist was easy to use when rating the counselors. Counselors reported that the SP encounters were realistic and helpful for practicing their clinical work and for building self-efficacy for working with real patients. The labor costs of developing two SP cases and training two SP actors was approximately $1,475. The per-session labor cost of conducting a 1-hour counseling session between one SP and one counselor was approximately $314. Conclusions Using SPs to train telephone counselors working on a clinical trial was feasible and offered training benefits beyond those provided by didactic instruction and role plays. Our research group is now routinely using SPs for the training of incoming telephone counselors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin S Rogers
- VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, 423 East 23rd Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|