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Rostami Z, Saharkhiz M, Khorashadizadeh M, Ayadilord M, Naseri M. The immunoregulatory property of mesenchymal stem cells in Crocin treatment by expression modulation of microRNA-155, microRNA-21, microRNA-23b, microRNA-126a, and their target inflammatory genes. Gene 2024; 916:148446. [PMID: 38583816 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have high priority in clinical applications for treatment of immune disorders because of their immunomodulatory function. A lot of researches have currently been undertaken to enhance the stemness capacities of the cells and pick an excellent type of MSCs for clinical approaches. This study aims to assess the immunomodulatory related MicroRNAs (miRNAs) expression as well as their target genes in both adipose derived stem cells (Ad-SCs) and dental pulp derived stem cell (DP-SCs) in the presence or lack of Crocin (saffron plant's bioactive compound). For this purpose, first MSCs were extracted from adipose and dental pulp tissues, and then their mesenchymal nature was confirmed using flow cytometry and differentiation tests. Following the cell treatment with an optimal-non-toxic dose of Crocin (Obtained by MTT test), the expression of 4 selected immunomodulatory-related micro-RNAs (Mir-126, -21, -23, and-155) and their target genes (PI3K/ Akt 1 and 2/ NFKB and RELA) were assessed by RT-PCR. Our findings revealed that miRNA-23 and miRNA-126 were up-regulated in both types of cells treated with Crocin, while in the other side, miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 were down-regulated in DP-SCs and were up-regulated in Ad-SCs under treatment. Moreover, the real-time PCR results indicated that Crocin could significantly down regulate the expression of PI3K/ Akt1/ Akt2/ NFKB/ RELA genes in DP-SCs and PI3K/Akt2 genes in Ad-SCs and up regulate the expression of Akt1/ NFKB/ RELA genes in recent cells. Based on the analysis of the obtained data, the immunoregulatory effects of Crocin were higher in DP-SCs than in Ad-SCs. In conclusion, Crocin could control essential signaling pathways related to the inflammation by regulating the expression of related- miRNAs genes that play a key function in the immune regulation pathways in MSCs. Our findings can give an understanding of the mechanisms by which Crocin enhances the immunomodulatory feature of MSCs. According to the research findings, DP-SCs are probably a better immunomodulator in Crocin treatment than Ad-SCs and it may be helpful for MSCs selection in clinical applications for modulation or treatment of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Rostami
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mansoore Saharkhiz
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohsen Khorashadizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Malaksima Ayadilord
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naseri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Shahbaz K, Chang D, Zhou X, Low M, Seto SW, Li CG. Crocins for Ischemic Stroke: A Review of Current Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:825842. [PMID: 35991882 PMCID: PMC9388830 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.825842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocins (CRs) and the related active constituents derived from Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) have demonstrated protective effects against cerebral ischemia and ischemic stroke, with various bioactivities including neuroprotection, anti-neuroinflammation, antioxidant, and cardiovascular protection. Among CRs, crocin (CR) has been shown to act on multiple mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke, including mitochondrial apoptosis, nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of B cells pathway, S100 calcium-binding protein B, interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A. CR is generally safe and well-tolerated. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that CR has poor bioavailability and needs to convert to crocetin (CC) in order to cross the blood-brain barrier. Clinical studies have shown the efficacy of saffron and CR in treating various conditions, including metabolic syndrome, depression, Alzheimer’s disease, and coronary artery disease. There is evidence supporting CR as a treatment for ischemic stroke, although further studies are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Shahbaz
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kiran Shahbaz, ; Chung Guang Li,
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mitchell Low
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Sai Wang Seto
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Reserach Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chung Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kiran Shahbaz, ; Chung Guang Li,
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Hyperthermia Treatment as a Promising Anti-Cancer Strategy: Therapeutic Targets, Perspective Mechanisms and Synergistic Combinations in Experimental Approaches. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040625. [PMID: 35453310 PMCID: PMC9030926 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent developments in diagnosis and treatment options, cancer remains one of the most critical threats to health. Several anti-cancer therapies have been identified, but further research is needed to provide more treatment options that are safe and effective for cancer. Hyperthermia (HT) is a promising treatment strategy for cancer because of its safety and cost-effectiveness. This review summarizes studies on the anti-cancer effects of HT and the detailed mechanisms. In addition, combination therapies with anti-cancer drugs or natural products that can effectively overcome the limitations of HT are reviewed because HT may trigger protective events, such as an increase of heat shock proteins (HSPs). In the 115 reports included, the mechanisms related to apoptosis, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA damage, transcription factors and HSPs were considered important. This review shows that HT is an effective inducer of apoptosis. Moreover, the limitations of HT may be overcome using combined therapy with anti-cancer drugs or natural products. Therefore, appropriate combinations of such agents with HT will exert maximal effects to treat cancer.
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Zhang H, Lin J, Shen Y, Pan J, Wang C, Cheng L. Protective Effect of Crocin on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Related Myocarditis Through Inhibiting NLRP3 Mediated Pyroptosis in Cardiomyocytes via NF-κB Pathway. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1653-1666. [PMID: 35282269 PMCID: PMC8906878 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s348464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-related myocarditis is now one of the most critical immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) in tumor immunotherapy, which has raised great concern in cardio-oncology. The pathogenesis involved in cardiac injury remains elusive. Crocin, the main component of saffron, has shown distinct functions in cardioprotective and anti-inflammation properties. We therefore aimed to investigate the potential effect of crocin on the protection of ICIs-related myocarditis and its underlying molecular mechanism. Methods We immunized the BALB/c mice with murine cardiac troponin I (cTnI) peptide and additionally gave anti-mouse programmed death 1 (PD-1) to induce the mouse model of ICIs-related myocarditis. Mice were treated with crocin at different dosages. In vitro, HL-1 cells were pre-incubated with crocin at different concentrations and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Myocardial contractile functions, myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, and myocardial injury were assessed. The expressions of pyroptosis-related proteins and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway were evaluated. Results Crocin treatment could partially reverse the ICIs-related myocarditis in terms of improving heart function, ameliorating inflammation and fibrosis in the myocardium, and alleviating myocardial injury. Mechanistically, ICIs administration significantly activated pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in cardiomyocytes. Crocin treatments significantly downregulated the expression of NLRP3, cleaved gasdermin D (GSDMD), cleaved caspase1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-18. Besides, crocin inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway, which performed as reducing the phosphorylation of p-NF-kappa-B inhibitor-α (p-IκBα), degradation of IκBα, phosphorylation of p65 and p65 DNA binding activity both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion By reversing the pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes, crocin treatment in a mouse model exerted great potential to aid in the prevention of ICIs-related myocarditis from a novel target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihui Shen
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianan Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leilei Cheng
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Leilei Cheng, Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China, Fax +86-21-51217561, Email
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Vafaei S, Wu X, Tu J, Nematollahi-mahani SN. The Effects of Crocin on Bone and Cartilage Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:830331. [PMID: 35126154 PMCID: PMC8807478 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.830331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocin, the main biologically active carotenoid of saffron, generally is derived from the dried trifid stigma of Crocus sativus L. Many studies have demonstrated that crocin has several therapeutic effects on biological systems through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The wide range of crocin activities is believed to be because of its ability to anchor to many proteins, triggering some cellular pathways responsible for cell proliferation and differentiation. It also has therapeutic potentials in arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and articular pain probably due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Anti-apoptotic effects, as well as osteoclast inhibition effects of crocin, have suggested it as a natural substance to treat osteoporosis and degenerative disease of bone and cartilage. Different mechanisms underlying crocin effects on bone and cartilage repair have been investigated, but remain to be fully elucidated. The present review aims to undertake current knowledge on the effects of crocin on bone and cartilage degenerative diseases with an emphasis on its proliferative and differentiative properties in mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Vafaei
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Xuming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajie Tu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Jiajie Tu, ; Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-mahani,
| | - Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-mahani
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- *Correspondence: Jiajie Tu, ; Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-mahani,
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Wang Z, Ren J, Jin N, Liu X, Li X. Is Crocin a Potential Anti-tumor Candidate Targeting Microtubules? Computational Insights From Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulations. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:586970. [PMID: 33251248 PMCID: PMC7674667 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.586970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is known crocin, a hydrophilic compound from the herbal plant Crocus sativus L., has promising antitumor activity, the detailed mechanism of its antitumor activity was not well understood. Recent experiments suggested tubulin as the primary target for the antitumor activity of crocin. However, due to a lack of crystal structure of tubulin bound with crocin, the exact binding mode and interaction between crocin and tubulin remains exclusive. In the present work, a computational study by integrating multiple conformation docking, molecular dynamics simulation as well as residue interaction network analysis was performed to investigate the molecular mechanism of crocin-tubulin interaction. By comparing the docking score, the most likely binding mode CRO_E1 were identified from 20 different binding modes of crocin in the vinca binding pockets. Further molecular dynamics simulation of CRO_E1 complex showed the binding of crocin is more stable than the inhibitor soblidotin and vinblastine. During the simulation course, an excessive number of hydrogen bonds were observed for the ligand crocin. The binding free energy of crocin-tubulin complex was calculated as -79.25 ± 7.24 kcal/mol, which is almost twice of the ligand soblidotin and vinblastine. By using energy decomposition, hot residues for CRO_E1 were identified as Gln11, Gln15, Thr72, Ser75, Pro173-Lys174-Val175-Ser176-Asp177, Tyr222, and Asn226 in the β-chain, and Asp245, Ala247-Leu248, Val250, Asn329, and Ile332 in the α-chain. Residue interaction network analysis also showed the importance of these hot residues in the interaction network of crocin-tubulin complex. In addition, a common residue motif Val175-Xxx176-Asp177 was discovered for all three bindings, suggesting its importance in future drug design. The study could provide valuable insights into the interaction between crocin and tubulin, and give suggestive clues for further experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University at Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University at Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
| | | | - Xingyi Liu
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University at Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
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7
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Yousefi F, Arab FL, Rastin M, Tabasi NS, Nikkhah K, Mahmoudi M. Comparative assessment of immunomodulatory, proliferative, and antioxidant activities of crocin and crocetin on mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2020; 122:29-42. [PMID: 32951264 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L) is a well-known spice with active pharmacologic components including crocin, crocetin, safranal, and picrocrocin. Similar to crocin/crocetin, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to display immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties, which could be beneficial in treatment of various diseases. In the current study, we have evaluated the effects of crocin and crocetin on the functions of MSCs. We used the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay to evaluate MSCs proliferation, and flow cytometry assay to measure the percentage of apoptotic MSCs and Tregs populations. Furthermore, we used the real-time polymerase chain reaction method to quantify messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Antioxidant assay was employed to quantify antioxidant parameters including nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels besides superoxide dismutase activity. Our findings indicated that both crocin and crocetin at low concentrations (2.5 and 5 µM) exhibited significant effects on increasing MSCs viability and on protecting them against apoptosis-induced death. Furthermore, crocin and crocetin at low concentrations (2.5 and 5 µM) displayed a better antioxidant function. Moreover, increased Treg population was observed at lower doses. In addition, crocin/crocetin at low concentrations caused an elevation in mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-10 [IL-10], and IL-4), while at higher doses (25 and 50 µM) they led to lowering inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and interferon gamma). Altogether, both crocin and crocetin at lower concentrations exhibited more efficacies on MSCs with a better effect toward crocin. It seems that crocin and crocetin may be considered as complementary treatments for the patients who undergo MSCs transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh L Arab
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rastin
- Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafiseh S Tabasi
- Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Karim Nikkhah
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Shariat Razavi SM, Mahmoudzadeh Vaziri R, Karimi G, Arabzadeh S, Keyvani V, Behravan J, Kalalinia F. Crocin Increases Gastric Cancer Cells' Sensitivity to Doxorubicin. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1959-1967. [PMID: 32711421 PMCID: PMC7573416 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.7.1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Crocin is one of the substantial constituents of saffron extract. It has multiple clinical effects including anti-cancer effects. The development of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype is one of the principal causes of cancer chemotherapy failure. The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) is one of the MDR-related protein and is often overexpressed in different cancers. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of crocin on the expression and function of MDR1 protein in EPG85-257 and EPG85-257RDB gastric cancer cell lines. Methods: The cytotoxicity effect of crocin was evaluated by the MTT assay. The impacts of crocin on the expression and function of MDR1 were assessed by Real-time RT-PCR and MTT assay, respectively. Results: The results demonstrated that crocin decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with higher intensity on the EPG85-257 than the EPG85-257RDB cells. Crocin did not make any significant changes in the MDR1 gene expression level in EPG85-257 and EPG85-257RDB cell lines. In contrast, crocin increased doxorubicin cytotoxicity in drug-resistant cells, which might be induced by reduced MDR1 activity. Conclusion: In summary, although crocin did not affect mRNA expression of MDR1, results of MTT assay suggest that it might inhibit the MDR1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Mahya Shariat Razavi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Arabzadeh
- 4Biotechnology Research Center,
Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahideh Keyvani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Javad Behravan
- 4Biotechnology Research Center,
Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kalalinia
- 4Biotechnology Research Center,
Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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14-3-3 α and 14-3-3 ζ contribute to immune responses in planarian Dugesia japonica. Gene 2017; 615:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Yang L, Dong X. Inhibition of Inflammatory Response by Crocin Attenuates Hemorrhagic Shock-Induced Organ Damages in Rats. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017; 37:295-302. [PMID: 28453369 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is associated with an excessive activation of inflammation, contributing to multiple organ failure in numerous medical or surgical conditions. To explore the therapeutic potential of crocin, a natural compound with anti-inflammatory properties, we administered crocin to rats during resuscitation following HS induced by withdrawing blood. Compared with control animals which were sham-treated, HS-operated rats showed organ damages as manifested by enhanced markers of multiple organ dysfunctions. Crocin treatment substantially reduced these parameters in rats subjected to HS, suggesting an alleviation of tissue injuries such as in the kidney, liver, pancreas, and muscle. The activation of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) pathway in lung tissue by HS, as shown by increased nuclear translocation of p65 and IκBα phosphorylation, was diminished by crocin treatment. The crocin administration also significantly decreased the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and interleukin (IL)-6, whereas increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in HS-operated rats. These studies indicate that crocin administration may reduce inflammation-driven tissue damage in patients with HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- 1 Department of Emergency, Cangzhou City Central Hospital Brain Campus , Cangzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Dong
- 2 Department of Obstetrics, Cangzhou City Central Hospital , Cangzhou, China
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11
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Fu L, Pan F, Jiao Y. Crocin inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption by suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway activation. Immunobiology 2016; 222:597-603. [PMID: 27871781 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Crocin is a dietary compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its effects on bone resorption have not been well characterized. Here we address this issue by examining the direct effects of crocin on osteoclast cells in vitro. Osteoclastogenesis was induced by RANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand) in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages in the absence or presence of crocin at various concentrations. Further, the bone resorption activity of mature osteoclast treated with crocin was assessed by pit assay. Without altering cell viability, crocin was shown to inhibit the differentiation and function of osteoclast cells in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, RANKL-induced NF-κB and NFATc1 activation, the critical signaling pathways for osteoclast differentiation and function, were both repressed by crocin in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Thus, crocin suppresses osteoclastogenesis through direct inhibition of intracellular molecular pathways, which may contribute to future development of anti-bone resorption treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Fu
- Department of Preparation Room, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing 163001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fang Pan
- Department of Rheumatology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing 163001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yong Jiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Haiyun Cang, Dongzhimen District, Beijing 100070, China.
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Ansari FA, Ali SN, Mahmood R. Crocin protects human erythrocytes from nitrite-induced methemoglobin formation and oxidative damage. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:1320-1331. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fariheen Aisha Ansari
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh Uttar Pradesh 202002 India
| | - Shaikh Nisar Ali
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh Uttar Pradesh 202002 India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh Uttar Pradesh 202002 India
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13
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Crocin suppresses multidrug resistance in MRP overexpressing ovarian cancer cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 24:17. [PMID: 27342070 PMCID: PMC4920992 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-016-0155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crocin, one of the main constituents of saffron extract, has numerous biological effects such as anti-cancer effects. Multidrug resistance-associated proteins 1 and 2 (MRP1 and MRP2) are important elements in the failure of cancer chemotherapy. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of crocin on MRP1 and MRP2 expression and function in human ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivative A2780/RCIS cells. METHODS The cytotoxicity of crocin was assessed by the MTT assay. The effects of crocin on the MRP1 and MRP2 mRNA expression and function were assessed by real-time RT-PCR and MTT assays, respectively. RESULTS Our study indicated that crocin reduced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in which the reduction in proliferation rate was more noticeable in the A2780 cell line compared to A2780/RCIS. Crocin reduced MRP1 and MRP2 gene expression at the mRNA level in A2780/RCIS cells. It increased doxorubicin cytotoxicity on the resistant A2780/RCIS cells in comparison with the drug-sensitive A2780 cells. CONCLUSION Totally, these results indicated that crocin could suppress drug resistance via down regulation of MRP transporters in the human ovarian cancer resistant cell line.
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Paredi G, Raboni S, Marchesani F, Ordoudi SA, Tsimidou MZ, Mozzarelli A. Insight of Saffron Proteome by Gel-Electrophoresis. Molecules 2016; 21:167. [PMID: 26840283 PMCID: PMC6273178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Saffron is a spice comprised of the dried stigmas and styles of Crocus sativus L. flowers and, since it is very expensive, it is frequently adulterated. So far, proteomic tools have never been applied to characterize the proteome of saffron or identify possible cases of fraud. In this study, 1D-Gel Electrophoresis was carried out to characterize the protein profile of (i) fresh stigmas and styles of the plant; (ii) dried stigmas and styles from different geographical origins (Spanish, Italian, Greek and Iranian) that had been stored for various periods of time after their processing; and (iii) two common plant adulterants, dried petals of Carthamus tinctorius L. and dried fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. A selective protein extraction protocol was applied to avoid interference from colored saffron metabolites, such as crocins, during electrophoretic analyses of saffron. We succeeded in separating and assigning the molecular weights to more than 20 proteins. In spite of the unavailability of the genome of saffron, we were able to identify five proteins by Peptide Mass Fingerprinting: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 3, heat shock cognate 70 KDa protein, crocetin glucosyltransferase 2, α-1,4-glucan-protein synthase and glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-2. Our findings indicate that (i) few bands are present in all saffron samples independently of origin and storage time, with amounts that significantly vary among samples and (ii) aging during saffron storage is associated with a reduction in the number of detectable bands, suggesting that proteases are still active. The protein pattern of saffron was quite distinct from those of two common adulterants, such as the dried petals of Carthamus tinctorius and the dried fruits of Gardenia jasminoides indicating that proteomic analyses could be exploited for detecting possible frauds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Paredi
- Department of Pharmacy, Interdepartment Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy.
| | - Samanta Raboni
- Department of Pharmacy, Interdepartment Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy.
| | - Francesco Marchesani
- Department of Pharmacy, Interdepartment Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy.
| | - Stella A Ordoudi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| | - Maria Z Tsimidou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Interdepartment Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy.
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome 00136, Italy.
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, Pisa 56124, Italy.
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Rezaee R, Jamialahmadi K, Riahi Zanjani B, Mahmoudi M, Abnous K, Zamani Taghizadeh Rabe S, Tabasi N, Zali M, Rezaee M, Amin B, Karimi G. Crocin Effects on Human Myeloma Cells Regarding Intracellular Redox State, DNA Fragmentation, and Apoptosis or Necrosis Profile. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2014; 9:e20131. [PMID: 25625054 PMCID: PMC4302399 DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-20131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Well-documented studies reported several pharmacological properties for crocin, the active compound of Crocus sativus, such as its antitumor, radical scavenging, antidepressant, and memory-enhancing effects. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the possible cytotoxic activity of crocin on B lymphocytes in human myeloma (U266 cell line) after 24- and 48-hour treatment. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, cell viability was determined by the colorimetric MTT assay and cell death pattern was evaluated using Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis detection kit. ROS (reactive oxygen species) production and DNA fragmentation were assessed using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) kit and PI staining, respectively. Results: The highest concentration of crocin significantly decreased ROS production after 48 hours of treatment. However, crocin had no effect on the expression level of HSP (Heat shock protein). Additionally, its administration caused a mild decline in cell viability and a mild increase in the population of DNA fragmented cells as well as apoptosis. Conclusions: In our study, no prominent effect was seen; therefore, in order to have a better perspective of crocin activity against cancerous cell lines, further studies are highly recommended.
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