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Rahman Z, Thomas L, Chetri SPK, Bodhankar S, Kumar V, Naidu R. A comprehensive review on chromium (Cr) contamination and Cr(VI)-resistant extremophiles in diverse extreme environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:59163-59193. [PMID: 37046169 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) compounds are usually toxins and exist abundantly in two different forms, Cr(VI) and Cr(III), in nature. Their contamination in any environment is a major problem. Many extreme environments including cold climate, warm climate, acidic environment, basic/alkaline environment, hypersaline environment, radiation, drought, high pressure, and anaerobic conditions have accumulated elevated Cr contamination. These harsh physicochemical conditions associated with Cr(VI) contamination damage biological systems in various ways. However, several unique microorganisms belonging to phylogenetically distant taxa (bacteria, fungi, and microalgae) owing to different and very distinct physiological characteristics can withstand extremities of Cr(VI) in different physicochemical environments. These challenging situations offer great potential and extended proficiencies in extremophiles for environmental and biotechnological applications. On these issues, the present review draws attention to Cr(VI) contamination from diverse extreme environmental regions. The study gives a detailed account on the ecology and biogeography of Cr(VI)-resistant microorganisms in inhospitable environments, and their use for detoxifying Cr(VI) and other applications. The study also focuses on physiological, multi-omics, and genetic engineering approaches of Cr(VI)-resistant extremophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshanur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Lebin Thomas
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Siva P K Chetri
- Department of Botany, Dimoria College, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Shrey Bodhankar
- Department of Agriculture Microbiology, School of Agriculture Sciences, Anurag University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Verma J, Sourirajan A, Dev K. Bacterial diversity in 110 thermal hot springs of Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). 3 Biotech 2022; 12:238. [PMID: 36003895 PMCID: PMC9393120 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal hot springs are present throughout the world and constitute a unique habitat for microbial diversity. The current investigation is conducted to study the bacterial diversity of thermophilic microorganisms in thermal hot springs of the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). As of today, 110 geothermal hot springs have been explored for microbial diversity. In this study, we observed that the growth of thermophilic bacteria isolated from thermal hot springs of IHR ranges between 40 and 100 °C, and pH of 3.5-8 have been reported in the literature. The major bacterial species reported from the thermal hot springs of IHR are Bacillus spp., Geobacillus spp., Paenibacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Anoxybacillus, Paenibacillus, Brevibacillus, Aneurinibacillus, Thermus aquaticus, Aquimonas, Flavobacterium, etc. Furthermore, bacterial isolates from thermal hot springs of IHR have been reported to produce various enzymes and metabolites such as amylase, β-galactosidase, cellulase, nitrate reductase, acetoin, caffeine degradation enzymes, lipase, urease, and laccase. Metagenomic study and the entire genomic shotgun project have established the impact of physicochemical parameters (temperature and pH) on developing the microbiome. We have discussed the discoveries of microbiological data on the hot springs of IHR until the end of year 2021. As a whole, the microbiome adapts themselves as successful inhabitants to extreme environmental conditions and also serves as a diverse resource for potential applications in health, food, and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Verma
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173212 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Anuradha Sourirajan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173212 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Kamal Dev
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173212 Himachal Pradesh India
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Narsing Rao MP, Dong ZY, Luo ZH, Li MM, Liu BB, Guo SX, Hozzein WN, Xiao M, Li WJ. Physicochemical and Microbial Diversity Analyses of Indian Hot Springs. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:627200. [PMID: 33763045 PMCID: PMC7982846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.627200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, physicochemical and microbial diversity analyses of seven Indian hot springs were performed. The temperature at the sample sites ranged from 32 to 67°C, and pH remained neutral to slightly alkaline. pH and temperature influenced microbial diversity. Culture-independent microbial diversity analysis suggested bacteria as the dominant group (99.3%) when compared with the archaeal group (0.7%). Alpha diversity analysis showed that microbial richness decreased with the increase of temperature, and beta diversity analysis showed clustering based on location. A total of 131 strains (divided into 12 genera and four phyla) were isolated from the hot spring samples. Incubation temperatures of 37 and 45°C and T5 medium were more suitable for bacterial isolation. Some of the isolated strains shared low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, suggesting that they may be novel bacterial candidates. Some strains produced thermostable enzymes. Dominant microbial communities were found to be different depending on the culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Such differences could be attributed to the fact that most microbes in the studied samples were not cultivable under laboratory conditions. Culture-dependent and culture-independent microbial diversities suggest that these springs not only harbor novel microbial candidates but also produce thermostable enzymes, and hence, appropriate methods should be developed to isolate the uncultivated microbial taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Prabhu Narsing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou-Yan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhen-Hao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Bing Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
| | - Shu-Xian Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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