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Trend S, Leffler J, Teige I, Frendéus B, Kermode AG, French MA, Hart PH. FcγRIIb Expression Is Decreased on Naive and Marginal Zone-Like B Cells From Females With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:614492. [PMID: 33505402 PMCID: PMC7832177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are critical to the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the mechanisms by which they contribute to the disease are poorly defined. We hypothesised that the expression of CD32b (FcγRIIb), a receptor for the Fc region of IgG with inhibitory activities in B cells, is lower on B cell subsets from people with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or MS. CD32b expression was highest on post-naive IgM+ B cell subsets in healthy controls. For females with MS or CIS, significantly lower CD32b expression was identified on IgM+ B cell subsets, including naive and IgMhi MZ-like B cells, when compared with control females. Lower CD32b expression on these B cell subsets was associated with detectable anti-Epstein Barr Virus viral capsid antigen IgM antibodies, and higher serum levels of B cell activating factor. To investigate the effects of lower CD32b expression, B cells were polyclonally activated in the presence of IgG immune complexes, with or without a CD32b blocking antibody, and the expression of TNF and IL-10 in B cell subsets was assessed. The reduction of TNF but not IL-10 expression in controls mediated by IgG immune complexes was reversed by CD32b blockade in naive and IgMhi MZ-like B cells only. However, no consequence of lower CD32b expression on these cells from females with CIS or MS was detected. Our findings highlight a potential role for naive and marginal zone-like B cells in the immunopathogenesis of MS in females, which requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Trend
- Inflammation Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonatan Leffler
- Inflammation Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ingrid Teige
- Demyelinating Diseases Research Group, BioInvent International AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Frendéus
- Demyelinating Diseases Research Group, BioInvent International AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Allan G Kermode
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Martyn A French
- Medical School and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Inflammation Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Vásquez JJ, Aguilar-Rodriguez BL, Rodriguez L, Hogan LE, Somsouk M, McCune JM, Deeks SG, Laszik ZG, Hunt PW, Henrich TJ. CD32-RNA Co-localizes with HIV-RNA in CD3+ Cells Found within Gut Tissues from Viremic and ART-Suppressed Individuals. Pathog Immun 2019; 4:147-160. [PMID: 31139759 PMCID: PMC6508427 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v4i1.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying biomarkers for cells harboring replication-competent HIV is a major research priority. Recently, there have been mixed reports addressing the possibility that CD32-expressing T cells are enriched for HIV. There is growing evidence that CD32 expression increases with cellular activation that may be related to, but not necessarily specific for, infection with HIV. However, the relationship of CD32 expression to HIV-infection in subtypes of tissue-resident leukocytes is unclear. METHODS First, we used duplex chromogenic in situ hybridization to identify cells actively transcribing RNA for both CD32 and HIV on human gut tissues. Then we performed multiplexed immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization (mIFISH) on sections from the same tissues to determine the phenotype of individual cells co-expressing HIV-RNA and CD32-RNA. RESULTS HIV-RNA+ cells were more abundant in tissues from viremic individuals than in those receiving suppressive anti-retroviral therapy (ART). However, staining by both methods indicated that a higher proportion of HIV-RNA+ cells co-expressed CD32-RNA in ART-suppressed individuals than in those with viremia. The majority of HIV-RNA+ cells were CD3+. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the transcription of CD32-RNA is correlated with HIV transcriptional activity in CD3+ cells found within human gut tissue. Whether or not up-regulation of CD32-RNA is a direct result of HIV transcription or more global T-cell activation remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Vásquez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Leonardo Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Louise E. Hogan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Ma Somsouk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Joseph M. McCune
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Zoltan G. Laszik
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Timothy J. Henrich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, These two authors contributed equally to this work
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Martin GE, Pace M, Thornhill JP, Phetsouphanh C, Meyerowitz J, Gossez M, Brown H, Olejniczak N, Lwanga J, Ramjee G, Kaleebu P, Porter K, Willberg CB, Klenerman P, Nwokolo N, Fox J, Fidler S, Frater J. CD32-Expressing CD4 T Cells Are Phenotypically Diverse and Can Contain Proviral HIV DNA. Front Immunol 2018; 9:928. [PMID: 29780387 PMCID: PMC5946760 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to both characterize and eradicate the HIV reservoir have been limited by the rarity of latently infected cells and the absence of a specific denoting biomarker. CD32a (FcγRIIa) has been proposed to be a marker for an enriched CD4 T cell HIV reservoir, but this finding remains controversial. Here, we explore the expression of CD32 on CD3+CD4+ cells in participants from two primary HIV infection studies and identify at least three distinct phenotypes (CD32low, CD32+CD14+, and CD32high). Of note, CD4 negative enrichment kits remove the majority of CD4+CD32+ T cells, potentially skewing subsequent analyses if used. CD32high CD4 T cells had higher levels of HLA-DR and HIV co-receptor expression than other subsets, compatible with their being more susceptible to infection. Surprisingly, they also expressed high levels of CD20, TCRαβ, IgD, and IgM (but not IgG), markers for both T cells and naïve B cells. Compared with other populations, CD32low cells had a more differentiated memory phenotype and high levels of immune checkpoint receptors, programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), Tim-3, and TIGIT. Within all three CD3+CD4+CD32+ phenotypes, cells could be identified in infected participants, which contained HIV DNA. CD32 expression on CD4 T cells did not correlate with HIV DNA or cell-associated HIV RNA (both surrogate measures of overall reservoir size) or predict time to rebound viremia following treatment interruption, suggesting that it is not a dominant biomarker for HIV persistence. Our data suggest that while CD32+ T cells can be infected with HIV, CD32 is not a specific marker of the reservoir although it might identify a population of HIV enriched cells in certain situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve E Martin
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Pace
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John P Thornhill
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Division of Medicine, Wright Fleming Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chansavath Phetsouphanh
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jodi Meyerowitz
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Morgane Gossez
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Brown
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Olejniczak
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julianne Lwanga
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine and Infectious Disease, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gita Ramjee
- HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Kholoud Porter
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian B Willberg
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nneka Nwokolo
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Fox
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine and Infectious Disease, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Division of Medicine, Wright Fleming Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Frater
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Zheng HY, Zhang MX, Zhang LT, Zhang XL, Pang W, Lyu LB, Zheng YT. Flow cytometric characterizations of leukocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina). DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2015; 35:465-73. [PMID: 25465082 DOI: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2014.6.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemistrina group) have been extensively used as non-human primate animal models for various human diseases in recent years, notably for AIDS research due to their sensitivity to HIV-1. Northern pig-tailed macaques (M. leonina) are distributed in China and other surrounding Southeast Asia countries. Although northern pig-tailed macaques have been bred on a large scale as experimental animals since 2012, the reference value of normal levels of leukocytes is not available. To obtain such information, 62 blood samples from male and female healthy northern pig-tailed macaques at different ages were collected. The normal range of major leukocyte subpopulations, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, and the expression levels of activation or differentiation related molecules (CD38, HLA-DR, CCR5, CD21, IgD, CD80 and CD86) on lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The counts of B cells decreased with age, but those of CD8(+) T cells and NK cells and the frequency of CD38(+)HLA-DR(+)CD4(+) T cells were positively correlated with age. The counts of leukocyte subpopulations were higher in males than those in females except for CD4(+) T cells. Males also showed higher expression levels of IgD and CD21 within B cells. This study provides basic data about the leukocyte subpopulations of northern pig-tailed macaques and compares this species with commonly used Chinese rhesus macaques (M. mulatta), which is meaningful for the biomedical application of northern pig-tailed macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ming-Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Lin-Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Long-Bao Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China;Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650204, China;Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
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