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Ross EL, Petty K, Salinas A, Bremmer J, Her C, Carpenter JF. Physical Compatibility of Y-site Pediatric Drug Administration: A Call for Question of US Pharmacopeia Standards. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2023; 28:84-92. [PMID: 36777987 PMCID: PMC9901315 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-28.1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the physical intravenous Y-site compatibility of 29 combinations of medications at commonly used pediatric concentrations using both existing and novel techniques. METHODS Medication combinations included were selected by a varied group of pediatric inpatient pharmacists, and then assessed by 3 independent reviewers for existing literature. For each combination, 2 different medications were mixed together in a 1:1 ratio and incubated at room temperature for 4 hours to simulate Y-site administration. Each sample was then analyzed using the US Pharmacopeia (USP) <788> recommended analytical technique of light obscuration (LO) in addition to novel flow imaging (FI) microscopy and backgrounded membrane imaging (BMI). Physical compatibility was determined using USP chapter <788> large volume particle count limits for all techniques. RESULTS A total of 29 different medication combinations were studied. Five combinations met criteria for compatibility by all 3 techniques. The remaining 24 combinations reached the threshold to be considered incompatible by at least 1 of the 3 techniques. Light obscuration, BMI, and FI identified 14%, 59%, and 76% of combinations as incompatible, respectively. All samples deemed incompatible by LO were also incompatible by at least 1 of the other 2 techniques. Flow imaging and BMI results agreed in 69% of samples tested. CONCLUSIONS Most combinations tested were found to be incompatible by at least 1 of the 3 instruments used. Light obscuration appears to have reduced accuracy for identifying particulate resulting in physical medication incompatibility when compared with the novel techniques of FI and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Ross
- Department of Pharmacy (ELR, KP, AS), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Kirsten Petty
- Department of Pharmacy (ELR, KP, AS), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Allison Salinas
- Department of Pharmacy (ELR, KP, AS), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Jarrett Bremmer
- Department of Pharmacy (JB), University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Aurora, CO
| | - Cheng Her
- Department of Basic Science (CH, JFC), University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Aurora, CO
| | - John F. Carpenter
- Department of Basic Science (CH, JFC), University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Aurora, CO
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Analysis of particulate exposure during continuous drug infusion in critically ill adult patients: a preliminary proof-of-concept in vitro study. Intensive Care Med Exp 2018; 6:38. [PMID: 30306347 PMCID: PMC6179977 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-018-0205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In critically ill patients, drug incompatibilities frequently occur because of the number of drugs to be administered through a limited number of infusion lines. These are among the main causes of particulate contamination. However, little data is available to quantify particle exposure during simultaneous IV-drug infusion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the particulate matter potentially administered to critically ill patients. METHODS The particulate matter (between 1 μm and 30 mm) of infused therapies used in ICUs for patients suffering from either septic shock or acute respiratory distress syndrome was measured in vitro over 6 h using a dynamic image analysis device, so that both overall particulate contamination and particle sizes could be determined. Data is presented according to the recommendations of the European Pharmacopoeia (≥ 10 and 25 μm). RESULTS For the six experimental procedures (continuous infusion of norepinephrine, midazolam, sufentanil, heparin, 5% glucose, binary parenteral nutrition and discontinuous administrations of omeprazole, piperacillin/tazobactam and fluconazole), the overall number of particles over the 6-h infusion period was 8256 [5013; 15,044]. The collected values for the number of particles ≥ 10 and 25 μm were 281 [118; 526] and 19 [7; 96] respectively. Our results showed that discontinuous administrations of drugs led to disturbances in particulate contamination. CONCLUSIONS This work indicates the amount of particulate matter potentially administered to critically ill adult patients. Particulate contamination appears lower than previous measurements performed during multidrug IV therapies in children.
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Lee C, Jeong J, Lee T, Zhang W, Xu L, Choi JE, Park JH, Song JK, Jang S, Eom CY, Shim K, Seong Soo AA, Kang YS, Kwak M, Jeon HJ, Go JS, Suh YD, Jin JO, Paik HJ. Virus-mimetic polymer nanoparticles displaying hemagglutinin as an adjuvant-free influenza vaccine. Biomaterials 2018; 183:234-242. [PMID: 30176403 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The generation of virus-mimetic nanoparticles has received much attention in developing a new vaccine for overcoming the limitations of current vaccines. Thus, a method, encompassing most viral features for their size, hydrophobic domain and antigen display, would represent a meaningful direction for the vaccine development. In the present study, a polymer-templated protein nanoball with direction oriented hemagglutinin1 on its surface (H1-NB) was prepared as a new influenza vaccine, exhibiting most of the viral features. Moreover, the concentrations of antigen on the particle surface were controlled, and its effect on immunogenicity was estimated by in vivo studies. Finally, H1-NB efficiently promoted H1-specific immune activation and cross-protective activities, which consequently prevented H1N1 infections in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeyeon Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Jeong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeheon Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Li Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ji Eun Choi
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Song
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinae Jang
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, 02481, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Eom
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, 02481, Republic of Korea
| | - KyuHwan Shim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Sungnam, 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - A An Seong Soo
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Sungnam, 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science & Technology (DBST), College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Jin Jeon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Sang Go
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Doug Suh
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Research Center for Convergence Nanotechnology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Benlabed M, Perez M, Gaudy R, Genay S, Lannoy D, Barthélémy C, Odou P, Lebuffe G, Décaudin B. Clinical implications of intravenous drug incompatibilities in critically ill patients. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2018; 38:173-180. [PMID: 29680262 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to analyse the clinical consequences of intravenous drug incompatibilities in critically ill patients, especially the incidence of organ dysfunctions and mortality. METHODS A review of literature was conducted according to the PRISMA statement in June 2017, using Medline, ISI Web of Science and Clinicaltrials.gov. DATA EXTRACTION Eligible studies were case reports and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effects of drug incompatibilities in critically ill patients on morbidity or mortality as primary or secondary outcomes, or adverse events. Two investigators independently reviewed the eligibility of the study from abstracts or manuscript data. DATA SYNTHESIS Twelve articles met the selection criteria. The six articles reporting RCTs concern only four RCTs. RCTs were single-centre studies comparing infusion with or without filter. One of them included adult patients. The others included paediatric and neonatal intensive care unit patients. Primary endpoints were SIRS, organ failure, overall complication rate, bacteraemia, sepsis, phlebitis and length of stay. The results are mixed with one RCT reporting a reduction in SIRS, organ failure and overall complication rate, two studies in disagreement over the occurrence of sepsis and one study reporting no impact on length of hospital stay. The six articles on case reports show different drug incompatibility situations. They report pulmonary toxicity. CONCLUSION Little data is available on this topic. Infused particles may induce organ failure, in particular pulmonary toxicity and SIRS. Further studies are needed to establish a link between the level of exposure to drug incompatibilities and clinical implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Benlabed
- Groupe de recherche sur les formes injectables et les technologies associées (GRITA), University Lille, EA 7365, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Maxime Perez
- Groupe de recherche sur les formes injectables et les technologies associées (GRITA), University Lille, EA 7365, 59000 Lille, France; Pharmacie, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Romain Gaudy
- Groupe de recherche sur les formes injectables et les technologies associées (GRITA), University Lille, EA 7365, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Genay
- Groupe de recherche sur les formes injectables et les technologies associées (GRITA), University Lille, EA 7365, 59000 Lille, France; Pharmacie, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Damien Lannoy
- Groupe de recherche sur les formes injectables et les technologies associées (GRITA), University Lille, EA 7365, 59000 Lille, France; Pharmacie, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Christine Barthélémy
- Groupe de recherche sur les formes injectables et les technologies associées (GRITA), University Lille, EA 7365, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Pascal Odou
- Groupe de recherche sur les formes injectables et les technologies associées (GRITA), University Lille, EA 7365, 59000 Lille, France; Pharmacie, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Gilles Lebuffe
- Groupe de recherche sur les formes injectables et les technologies associées (GRITA), University Lille, EA 7365, 59000 Lille, France; Pôle d'anesthésie-réanimation, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Bertrand Décaudin
- Groupe de recherche sur les formes injectables et les technologies associées (GRITA), University Lille, EA 7365, 59000 Lille, France; Pharmacie, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
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