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Zuo Z, Niu C, Zhao X, Lai CY, Zheng M, Guo J, Hu S, Liu T. Biological bromate reduction coupled with in situ gas fermentation in H 2/CO 2-based membrane biofilm reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121402. [PMID: 38461600 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Bromate, a carcinogenic contaminant generated in water disinfection, presents a pressing environmental concern. While biological bromate reduction is an effective remediation approach, its implementation often necessitates the addition of organics, incurring high operational costs. This study demonstrated the efficient biological bromate reduction using H2/CO2 mixture as the feedstock. A membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was used for the efficient delivery of gases. Long-term reactor operation showed a high-level bromate removal efficiency of above 95 %, yielding harmless bromide as the final product. Corresponding to the short hydraulic retention time of 0.25 d, a high bromate removal rate of 4 mg Br/L/d was achieved. During the long-term operation, in situ production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by gas fermentation was observed, which can be regulated by controlling the gas flow. Three sets of in situ batch tests and two groups of ex situ batch tests jointly unravelled the mechanisms underpinning the efficient bromate removal, showing that the microbial bromate reduction was primarily driven by the VFAs produced from in situ gas fermentation. Microbial community analysis showed an increased abundance of Bacteroidota group from 4.0 % to 18.5 %, which is capable of performing syngas fermentation, and the presence of heterotrophic denitrifiers (e.g., Thauera and Brachymonas), which are known to perform bromate reduction. Together these results for the first time demonstrated the feasibility of using H2/CO2 mixture for bromate removal coupled with in situ VFAs production. The findings can facilitate the development of cost-effective strategies for groundwater and drinking water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zuo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Chenkai Niu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Chun-Yu Lai
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Shihu Hu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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2
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Li H, Sun R, Zhang X, Lin H, Xie Y, Han Y, Pan Y, Wang D, Dong K. Characteristics of denitrification and microbial community in respect to various H2 pressures and distances to the gas supply end in H2-based MBfR. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1023402. [PMID: 36212855 PMCID: PMC9542790 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1023402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrogen-based hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactor (H2-based MBfR) has shown to be a promising technology for nitrate (NO3––N) reduction. Hollow fiber membranes (HFM) operating in a closed mode in an H2-based MBfR often suffer from reverse gas diffusion, taking up space for the effective gas substrate and resulting in a reduction in the HFM diffusion efficiency, which in turn affects denitrification performance. In this work, we developed a laboratory-scale H2-based MBfR, which operated in a closed mode to investigate the dynamics of denitrification performance and biofilm microbial community analysis at different H2 supply pressures. A faster formation of biofilm on the HFM and a shorter start-up period were found for a higher H2 supply pressure. An increase in the H2 pressure under 0.08 MPa could significantly promote denitrification, while a minor increase in denitrification was observed once the H2 pressure was over 0.08 MPa. Sequencing analysis of the biofilm concluded that (i) the dominant phylum-level bacteria in the reactor during the regulated hydrogen pressure phase were Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria; (ii) when the hydrogen pressure was 0.04–0.06 MPa, the dominant bacteria in the MBfR were mainly enriched on the hollow fiber membrane near the upper location (Gas inlet). With a gradual increase in the hydrogen pressure, the enrichment area of the dominant bacteria in MBfR gradually changed from the upper location to the distal end of the inlet. When the hydrogen pressure was 0.10 MPa, the dominant bacteria were mainly enriched on the hollow fiber membrane in the down location of the MBfR.
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Dong K, Feng X, Yao Y, Zhu Z, Lin H, Zhang X, Wang D, Li H. Nitrogen Removal From Nitrate-Containing Wastewaters in Hydrogen-Based Membrane Biofilm Reactors via Hydrogen Autotrophic Denitrification: Biofilm Structure, Microbial Community and Optimization Strategies. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:924084. [PMID: 35722343 PMCID: PMC9201494 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.924084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) has been widely applied in nitrate removal from wastewater, while the erratic fluctuation of treatment efficiency is in consequence of unstable operation parameters. In this study, hydrogen pressure, pH, and biofilm thickness were optimized as the key controlling parameters to operate MBfR. The results of 653.31 μm in biofilm thickness, 0.05 MPa in hydrogen pressure and pH in 7.78 suggesting high-efficiency NO3−−N removal and the NO3−−N removal flux was 1.15 g·m−2 d−1. 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that Pseudomonas, Methyloversatilis, Thauera, Nitrospira, and Hydrogenophaga were the five most abundant bacterial genera in MBfRs after optimization. Moreover, significant increases of Pseudomonas relative abundances from 0.36 to 9.77% suggested that optimization could effectively remove nitrogen from MBfRs. Membrane pores and surfaces exhibited varying degrees of calcification during stable operation, as evinced by Ca2+ precipitation adhering to MBfR membrane surfaces based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses. Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM–EDS) analyses also confirmed that the primary elemental composition of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane surfaces after response surface methodology (RSM) optimization comprised Ca, O, C, P, and Fe. Further, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicated the formation of Ca5F(PO4)3 geometry during the stable operation phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin, China
| | - Xinghui Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin, China
| | - Yi Yao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin, China
| | - Zongqiang Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin, China
| | - Hua Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin, China
| | - Dunqiu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin, China
| | - Haixiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Haixiang Li,
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Yánez D, Guerrero L, Borja R, Huiliñir C. Sulfur-based mixotrophic denitrification with the stoichiometric S 0/N ratio and methanol supplementation: effect of the C/N ratio on the process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:1420-1427. [PMID: 34851232 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.2004839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the organic carbon to nitrate ratio (C/N ratio) on mixotrophic denitrification rate has been scarcely studied. Thus, this work aims to investigate the effect of the C/N ratio on the mixotrophic denitrification when methanol is used as a source of organic matter and elemental sulfur as an electron donor for autotrophic denitrification. For this, two initial concentrations of NO3--N (50 and 25 mg/L) at a stoichiometric ratio of S0/N, and four initial C/N ratios (0, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.9 mg CH3OH/mg NO3- -N) were used at 25 (±2) °C. The results showed that when using a C/N ratio of 0.6, the highest total nitrogen removal was obtained and the accumulation of nitrites was reduced, compared to an autotrophic system. The most significant contribution to nitrate consumption was through autotrophic denitrification (AuDeN) for a C/N ratio of 0.6 and 1.2, while for C/N = 1.9 the most significant contribution of nitrate consumption was through heterotrophic denitrification (HD). Finally, organic supplementation (methanol) served to increase the specific nitrate removal rate at high and low initial concentrations of substrate. Therefore, the best C/N ratio was 0.6 since it allowed for increasing the removal efficiency and the denitrification rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Yánez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorna Guerrero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rafael Borja
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - César Huiliñir
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Djam S, Najafi M, Ahmadi SH, Shoeibi S. Bottled water safety evaluations in IRAN: determination of bromide and oxyhalides (chlorite, chlorate, bromate) by ion chromatography. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:609-616. [PMID: 33312587 PMCID: PMC7721822 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bottled water is most well liked within the world and attention is drawn due to its health issues. Oxyhalides is one amongst the foremost important by-products in bottled water which is produced by disinfection process such as "ozonation". International standards have been set and justified to permissible levels for chlorate, chlorite and bromate as 700, 700 and 10 μg/l. Thereafter, 168 samples of bottled water (mineral and drinking water) from Iran market obtained with the optimal working conditions and analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) with conductivity detector. The results actuated that 23 and 17 out of 168 samples as mineral and drinking water revealed bromate content in charge of the national permissible level, found as the mean level of 37.04 and 33.58 μg/l, respectively. According to risk assessment results, the average of hazard quotient (HQ) and lifetime excess cancer (ELCR) were calculated 6.955 × 10-3 and 0.25 × 10-3, respectively. Thereupon, it is indispensable to control as well as make consumers aware of oxyholides hazard especially bromate following governmental authorities with an insight to health sectors monitoring guidelines due to its obvious harmful effects and aspects on health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Djam
- Department of Chemistry, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Najafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hamid Ahmadi
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Shoeibi
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center (FDLRC), Iran Food and Drug Administration (IFDA), Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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Wang D, Cai X, Lv X, Wang Y, Gao X, Zhu Y, Zhang T, Mao Y. Phylogenetic characterization of bromate-reducing microbial community enriched anaerobically from activated sludge. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109630. [PMID: 31520951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bromate is a weakly carcinogenic disinfection by-product generated from naturally existing bromide during ozonation. In order to uncover the phylogenetic diversity of bromate-reducing aquatic bacteria, the microbial mixed cultures were enriched anaerobically from various activated sludge samples with a high concentration of 3.6 mmol/L bromate which served as the electron acceptor in batch-fed reactors. Then the phylogenetic diversity was characterized by employing 16S rRNA gene-based clone libraries and high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that as highest as 48.65 mg/L [BrO3--Br] (0.61 mmol/L) could be reduced to Br- within an operational cycle of 48 h, indicating the presence of bromate-reducing bacteria. The microbial analysis based on 16S rRNA gene clone libraries indicated that the dominant bacteria in the enriched consortium were affiliated to the genera of Aeromonas, which had been reported and implied its functional application to reduce bromate. In addition, some other subdivisions of bromate-reducing bacteria were enriched at different operational cycles. The abundance of the genus Rivibacter belonging to Comamonadaceae were increased after 10 cycles enrichment, which might represent another type of novel bromate bio-reducers. The study provided new insights for the phylogenetic diversity of the bromate-reducing microorganisms while further researches are required to verify the bromate bio-reduction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Xunchao Cai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Xinyue Lv
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Xue Gao
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yunlong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanping Mao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China.
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7
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Marhaba T, Li J, Sun C, Zhang W. Autohydrogenotrophic Denitrification Using the Membrane Biofilm Reactor for Removing Nitrate from High Sulfate Concentration of Water. ARCHAEA (VANCOUVER, B.C.) 2018; 2018:9719580. [PMID: 30174556 PMCID: PMC6098935 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9719580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the performance of an autohydrogenotrophic membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) to remove nitrate from water with high sulfate concentrations. The results of simulated running showed that TN removal could be over than 98.8% with the maximum denitrification rate of 134.6 g N/m3 d under the conditions of the influent sulfate concentrations of 300 mg SO42-/l. The distribution ratio of H2 electron donor for nitrate and sulfate was 70.0 : 26.9 at the high influent loading ratio of sulfate/nitrate of 853.3 g SO42-/m3 d : 140.5 g N/m3 d, which indicated that denitrification bacteria (DB) were normally dominated to complete H2 electron with sulfate bacteria (SRB). The results of molecular microbiology analysis showed that the dominated DB were Rhodocyclus and Hydrogenophaga, and the dominated SRB was Desulfohalobium, under the high influent sulfate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Green Building, Jinan 250101, China
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Haohan Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Yuchen Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Taha Marhaba
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Jixiang Li
- Sustainable Technology Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Cuizhen Sun
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Lai CY, Lv PL, Dong QY, Yeo SL, Rittmann BE, Zhao HP. Bromate and Nitrate Bioreduction Coupled with Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate Production in a Methane-Based Membrane Biofilm Reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7024-7031. [PMID: 29785845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates bromate (BrO3-) reduction in a methane (CH4)-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), and it documents contrasting impacts of nitrate (NO3-) on BrO3- reduction, as well as formation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), an internal C- and electron-storage material. When the electron donor, CH4, was in ample supply, NO3- enhanced BrO3- reduction by stimulating the growth of denitrifying bacteria ( Meiothermus, Comamonadaceae, and Anaerolineaceae) able to reduce BrO3- and NO3- simultaneously. This was supported by increases in denitrifying enzymes (e.g., nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, nitrous-oxide reductase, and nitric-oxide reductase) through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis and metagenomic prediction of these functional genes. When the electron donor was in limited supply, NO3- was the preferred electron acceptor over BrO3- due to competition for the common electron donor; this was supported by the significant oxidation of stored PHB when NO3- was high enough to cause electron-donor limitation. Methanotrophs (e.g., Methylocystis, Methylomonas, and genera within Comamonadaceae) were implicated as the main PHB producers in the biofilms, and their ability to oxidize PHB mitigated the impacts of competition for CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Lai
- College of Environmental and Resource Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Pan-Long Lv
- College of Environmental and Resource Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Qiu-Yi Dong
- College of Environmental and Resource Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Shi Lei Yeo
- College of Environmental and Resource Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology , Arizona State University , P.O. Box 875701, Tempe , Arizona 85287-5701 , United States
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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9
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Eberly JO, Indest KJ, Hancock DE, Jung CM, Crocker FH. Metagenomic analysis of denitrifying wastewater enrichment cultures able to transform the explosive, 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:795-805. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Removal of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) was investigated in conjunction with heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrifying growth conditions by a microbial consortium from a wastewater treatment plant. Microcosms were supplemented with molasses, methanol, or thiosulfate. Cultures were passaged twice by transferring 10 % of the culture volume to fresh media on days 11 and 21. Rates of NTO removal were 18.71 ± 0.65, 9.04 ± 2.61, and 4.34 ± 2.72 mg/L/day while rates of nitrate removal were 20.08 ± 1.13, 21.58 ± 1.20, and 24.84 ± 1.26 mg/L/day, respectively, for molasses, methanol, or thiosulfate. Metagenomic analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the major phyla in the microbial communities. In molasses supplemented cultures, the community profile at the family level changed over time with Pseudomonadaceae the most abundant (67.4 %) at day 11, Clostridiaceae (65.7 %) at day 21, and Sporolactobacillaceae (35.4 %) and Clostridiaceae (41.0 %) at day 29. Pseudomonadaceae was the dominant family in methanol and thiosulfate supplemented cultures from day 21 to 29 with 76.6 and 81.6 % relative abundance, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed O Eberly
- grid.417553.1 0000000106379574 Environmental Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 39180 Vicksburg MS USA
| | - Karl J Indest
- grid.417553.1 0000000106379574 Environmental Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 39180 Vicksburg MS USA
| | - Dawn E Hancock
- grid.417553.1 0000000106379574 Environmental Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 39180 Vicksburg MS USA
| | - Carina M Jung
- grid.417553.1 0000000106379574 Environmental Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 39180 Vicksburg MS USA
| | - Fiona H Crocker
- grid.417553.1 0000000106379574 Environmental Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 39180 Vicksburg MS USA
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Sahinkaya E, Kilic A, Duygulu B. Pilot and full scale applications of sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification process for nitrate removal from activated sludge process effluent. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 60:210-217. [PMID: 24862952 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification of nitrified activated sludge process effluent was studied in pilot and full scale column bioreactors. Three identical pilot scale column bioreactors packed with varying sulfur/lime-stone ratios (1/1-3/1) were setup in a local wastewater treatment plant and the performances were compared under varying loading conditions for long-term operation. Complete denitrification was obtained in all pilot bioreactors even at nitrate loading of 10 mg NO3(-)-N/(L.h). When the temperature decreased to 10 °C during the winter time at loading of 18 mg NO3(-)-N/(L.h), denitrification efficiency decreased to 60-70% and the bioreactor with S/L ratio of 1/1 gave slightly better performance. A full scale sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification process with a S/L ratio of 1/1 was set up for the denitrification of an activated sludge process effluent with a flow rate of 40 m(3)/d. Almost complete denitrification was attained with a nitrate loading rate of 6.25 mg NO3(-)-N/(L.h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Sahinkaya
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Bioengineering Department, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Adem Kilic
- Yeditepe Treatment Company, Kucukbakkalkoy, Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Duygulu
- Yeditepe Treatment Company, Kucukbakkalkoy, Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey
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