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Meeampun Y, Panyachanakul T, Samosorn S, Dolsophon K, Jiamjariyatam R, Lorliam W, Arnthong J, Suwannarangsee S, Tantayotai P, Krajangsang S. Characterization of yeast mutant strains for starter culture in Arabica coffee fermentation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6069. [PMID: 38480775 PMCID: PMC10937909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Arabica coffee is the most popular and best-selling type of coffee. During coffee fermentation, microorganisms are essential for the production of metabolites and volatile compounds that affect coffee flavor quality. This work aimed to study the mutation, selection, and characterization of the Wickerhamomyces anomalus strain YWP1-3 as a starter culture to enhance the flavor quality of Arabica coffee. The results revealed that six mutants could produce relatively high levels of the pectinase enzyme on pectin agar media and exhibited high activity levels, ranging from 332.35 to 415.88 U/ml in mucilage broth. Strains UV22-2, UV22-3, UV41-1 and UV32-1 displayed higher levels of amylase activity than did the wild type. The UV22-2 and UV22-3 mutants exhibited the highest pectin degradation indices of 49.22% and 45.97%, respectively, and displayed significantly enhanced growth rates in nitrogen yeast base media supplemented with various sugars; thus, these mutants were evaluated for their ability to serve as a starter for fermentation of Arabica coffee. The cupping scores of coffees derived from UV22-2 and UV22-3 were 83.5 ± 1.5 and 82.0 ± 2.14, respectively. The volatile compounds in the roasted coffee fermented by UV22-2 were analyzed by GC‒MS, which revealed higher levels of furfuryl alcohol and furfuryl acetate than did the other samples. These findings suggested that UV22-2 could be an influential starter culture for Arabica coffee fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowapa Meeampun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, 10110, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Titiporn Panyachanakul
- Department of Science and Bioinnovation, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Siritron Samosorn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, 10110, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kulvadee Dolsophon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, 10110, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rossaporn Jiamjariyatam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, 10110, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanlapa Lorliam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, 10110, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jantima Arnthong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Surisa Suwannarangsee
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Prapakorn Tantayotai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, 10110, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sukhumaporn Krajangsang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, 10110, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Timotheo CA, Fabricio MF, Ayub MAZ, Valente P. Evaluation of cell disruption methods in the oleaginous yeasts Yarrowia lipolytica QU21 and Meyerozyma guilliermondii BI281A for microbial oil extraction. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20191256. [PMID: 38055604 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320191256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest for oleaginous yeasts has grown significantly in the last three decades, mainly due to their potential use as a renewable source of microbial oil or single cell oils (SCOs). However, the methodologies for cell disruption to obtain the microbial oil are considered critical and determinant for a large-scale production. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate different methods for cell wall disruption for the lipid extraction of Yarrowia lipolytica QU21 and Meyerozyma guilliermondii BI281A. The two strains were separately cultivated in 5 L batch fermenters for 120 hours, at 26 ºC and 400 rpm. Three different lipid extraction processes using Turrax homogenizer, Ultrasonicator and Braun homogenizer combined with bead milling were applied in wet, oven-dried, and freeze-dried biomass of both strains. The treatment with the highest percentage of disrupted cells and highest oil yield was the ultrasonication of oven-dried biomass (37-40% lipid content for both strains). The fact that our results point to one best extraction strategy for two different yeast strains, belonging to different species, is a great news towards the development of a unified technique that could be applied at industrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina A Timotheo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana F Fabricio
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Engenharia Bioquímica, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Z Ayub
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Engenharia Bioquímica, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricia Valente
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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3
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Martinez-Burgos WJ, Porto de Souza Vandenberghe L, Karp SG, Murawski de Mello AF, Thomaz Soccol V, Soccol CR. Microbial lipid production from soybean hulls using Lipomyces starkeyi LPB53 in a circular economy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 372:128650. [PMID: 36682478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soybean hulls are lignocellulosic residuesgeneratedinthe industrial processing of soybean, representing about 5 % of the mass of the whole bean. This by-product isan importantsource of polymers suchas cellulose(34 %) and hemicellulose (11 %),which could bevalorizedvia biotechnology to improvethe economic returnof the oilseed chain. In the present work,soybean hulls were evaluated as a carbon sourcefor biolipid productionbyLipomycesstarkeyi LPB 53. Initially the hulls were treated physicochemically and enzymatically to obtain fermentable sugars. Subsequently, biomass growth was evaluated using different nitrogen sources andthe lipid production was optimized, reaching a maximum cell biomass concentration of 26.5 g/L with 42.5 % of lipids. Around 65 % of the xylose content was consumed.The obtained oil wasmajorlycomposed of oleic, palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic and stearic fatty acids in a proportion of 54 %, 32 %, 4 %, 3 % and 2 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Martinez-Burgos
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Susan Grace Karp
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ariane Fátima Murawski de Mello
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Using gel microdroplets to develop a simple high-throughput screening platform for oleaginous microorganisms. J Biotechnol 2022; 358:46-54. [PMID: 36041515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi is expected to be a new lipid source since this microorganism is capable of accumulating more than 85% lipid per dry cell weight. For effective utilization of oleaginous yeast, mutants with improved lipid production compared to the wild-type have been screened by methods such as single-cell sorting and Percoll density gradient centrifugation. Because these methods need to reculture all mutated oleaginous yeasts together in a flask, it is difficult to evaluate the growth of each individual mutant. Thus, screening for the slow-growing mutants with high-throughput has never been performed by conventional methods. In this study, we developed a high-throughput method using gel microdroplets (GMD). With this method, the growth and lipid production of L. starkeyi can be evaluated simultaneously. L. starkeyi grew in GMD and the size of these microcolonies was evaluated by scattered light. Finally, a mutant with a 10-fold delay in growth compared to the wild-type was obtained. Analysis of genetic information in this mutant could reveal valuable information about critical genes involved in the growth of these microorganisms, which could then be utilized further.
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Zhang L, Lee JTE, Ok YS, Dai Y, Tong YW. Enhancing microbial lipids yield for biodiesel production by oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi fermentation: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126294. [PMID: 34748983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced production of microbial lipids suitable for manufacturing biodiesel from oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi is critically reviewed. Recent advances in several aspects involving the biosynthetic pathways of lipids, current conversion efficiencies using various carbon sources, intensification strategies for improving lipid yield and productivity in L. starkeyi fermentation, and lipid extraction approaches are analyzed from about 100 papers for the past decade. Key findings on strategies are summarized, including (1) optimization of parameters, (2) cascading two-stage systems, (3) metabolic engineering strategies, (4) mutagenesis followed by selection, and (5) co-cultivation of yeast and algae. The current technical limitations are analyzed. Research suggestions like examination of more gene targets via metabolic engineering are proposed. This is the first comprehensive review on the latest technical advances in strategies from the perspective of process and metabolic engineering to further increase the lipid yield and productivity from L. starkeyi fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Jonathan T E Lee
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanjun Dai
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai China
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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6
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Takayama Y. Strains and approaches for genetic crosses in the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. Yeast 2021; 38:625-633. [PMID: 34596906 PMCID: PMC9292350 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi is a powerful lipid producer with great industrial potential. Recent studies have reported the isolation of mutant L. starkeyi cells with higher lipid producing capacity. Although genetic engineering strategies have been applied to L. starkeyi, classical genetic approaches are lacking. The development of tools that facilitate genetic crosses in L. starkeyi would not only make it possible to build improved lipid‐producing strains but also facilitate molecular biological analysis of this species. In this study, I report a set of strains and approaches useful for performing genetic crosses with L. starkeyi. The homothallic L. starkeyi reportedly forms an ascus containing two to 20 spores. These spores were resistant to glusulase and could be dissected using a micromanipulator, suggesting that random spore and tetrad (spore dissection) analysis can be adapted for L. starkeyi. Additionally, to isolate a pair of heterothallic strains useful for genetic crosses, the homothallic strain was exposed to UV irradiation, and 10 self‐sterile strains were crossed with one another. One of these combinations, Ls75 and Ls100, sporulated stably. Moreover, to detect genetic recombination, I introduced a different drug resistance marker into each strain and crossed them. The resulting progeny exhibited Mendelian segregation of the resistance markers. Altogether, the work reported here provides a powerful resource for genetic analysis in L. starkeyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Takayama
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan.,Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University Graduate Schools, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
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7
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Citrate-Mediated Acyl-CoA Synthesis Is Required for the Promotion of Growth and Triacylglycerol Production in Oleaginous Yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081693. [PMID: 34442772 PMCID: PMC8400019 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi is an excellent producer of triacylglycerol (TAG) as a feedstock for biodiesel production. To understand the regulation of TAG synthesis, we attempted to isolate mutants with decreased lipid productivity and analyze the expression of TAG synthesis-related genes in this study. A mutant with greatly decreased lipid productivity, sr22, was obtained by an effective screening method using Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The expression of citrate-mediated acyl-CoA synthesis-related genes (ACL1, ACL2, ACC1, FAS1, and FAS2) was decreased in the sr22 mutant compared with that of the wild-type strain. Together with a notion that L. starkeyi mutants with increased lipid productivities had increased gene expression, there was a correlation between the expression of these genes and TAG synthesis. To clarify the importance of citrate-mediated acyl-CoA synthesis pathway on TAG synthesis, we also constructed a strain with no ATP-citrate lyase responsible for the first reaction of citrate-mediated acyl-CoA synthesis and investigated the importance of ATP-citrate lyase on TAG synthesis. The ATP-citrate lyase was required for the promotion of cell growth and TAG synthesis in a glucose medium. This study may provide opportunities for the development of an efficient TAG synthesis for biodiesel production.
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8
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Zhou W, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhao M, Tang M, Zhou W, Gong Z. A metabolic model of Lipomyces starkeyi for predicting lipogenesis potential from diverse low-cost substrates. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:148. [PMID: 34210354 PMCID: PMC8247262 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipomyces starkeyi has been widely regarded as a promising oleaginous yeast with broad industrial application prospects because of its wide substrate spectrum, good adaption to fermentation inhibitors, excellent fatty acid composition for high-quality biodiesel, and negligible lipid remobilization. However, the currently low experimental lipid yield of L. starkeyi prohibits its commercial success. Metabolic model is extremely valuable to comprehend the complex biochemical processes and provide great guidance for strain modification to facilitate the lipid biosynthesis. RESULTS A small-scale metabolic model of L. starkeyi NRRL Y-11557 was constructed based on the genome annotation information. The theoretical lipid yields of glucose, cellobiose, xylose, glycerol, and acetic acid were calculated according to the flux balance analysis (FBA). The optimal flux distribution of the lipid synthesis showed that pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) independently met the necessity of NADPH for lipid synthesis, resulting in the relatively low lipid yields. Several targets (NADP-dependent oxidoreductases) beneficial for oleaginicity of L. starkeyi with significantly higher theoretical lipid yields were compared and elucidated. The combined utilization of acetic acid and other carbon sources and a hypothetical reverse β-oxidation (RBO) pathway showed outstanding potential for improving the theoretical lipid yield. CONCLUSIONS The lipid biosynthesis potential of L. starkeyi can be significantly improved through appropriate modification of metabolic network, as well as combined utilization of carbon sources according to the metabolic model. The prediction and analysis provide valuable guidance to improve lipid production from various low-cost substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan, 430081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junlu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan, 430081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan, 430081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mou Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan, 430081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan, 430081 People’s Republic of China
- HuBei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan, 430081 People’s Republic of China
- HuBei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081 People’s Republic of China
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Kruger JS, Knoshaug EP, Dong T, Hull TC, Pienkos PT. Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels : Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels. JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1595/205651321x16024905831259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipids hold great promise as biofuel precursors, and research efforts to convert such lipids to renewable diesel fuels have been increasing in recent years. In contrast to the numerous literature reviews on growing, characterising and extracting lipids from oleaginous microbes,
and on converting vegetable oils to hydrocarbon fuels, this review aims to provide insight into aspects that are specific to hydroprocessing microbial lipids. While standard hydrotreating catalysts generally perform well with terrestrial oils, differences in lipid speciation and the presence
of co-extracted compounds, such as chlorophyll and sterols, introduce additional complexities into the process for microbial lipids. Lipid cleanup steps can be introduced to produce suitable feedstocks for catalytic upgrading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S. Kruger
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Eric P. Knoshaug
- Bioscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Tao Dong
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Tobias C. Hull
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401 USA
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Di Fidio N, Ragaglini G, Dragoni F, Antonetti C, Raspolli Galletti AM. Integrated cascade biorefinery processes for the production of single cell oil by Lipomyces starkeyi from Arundo donax L. hydrolysates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 325:124635. [PMID: 33461125 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Giant reed (Arundo donax L.) is a promising source of carbohydrates that can be converted into single cell oil (SCO) by oleaginous yeasts. Microbial conversion of both hemicellulose and cellulose fractions represents the key step for increasing the economic sustainability for SCO production. Lipomyces starkeyi DSM 70,296 was cultivated in two xylose-rich hydrolysates, obtained by the microwave-assisted hydrolysis of hemicellulose catalysed by FeCl3 or Amberlyst-70, and in two glucose-rich hydrolysates obtained by the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. L. starkeyi grew on both undetoxified and partially-detoxified hydrolysates, achieving the lipid content of 30 wt% and yield values in the range 15-24 wt%. For both integrated cascade processes the final production of about 8 g SCO from 100 g biomass was achieved. SCO production through integrated hydrolysis cascade processes represents a promising solution for the effective exploitation of lignocellulosic feedstock from perennial grasses towards new generation biodiesel and other valuable bio-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Fidio
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Ragaglini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Study, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federico Dragoni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Study, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy; Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Department of Technology Assessment and Substance Cycles, Potsdam-Bornim e.V. Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claudia Antonetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Takaku H, Ebina S, Kasuga K, Sato R, Ara S, Kazama H, Matsuzawa T, Yaoi K, Araki H, Shida Y, Ogasawara W, Ishiya K, Aburatani S, Yamazaki H. Isolation and characterization of Lipomyces starkeyi mutants with greatly increased lipid productivity following UV irradiation. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:613-621. [PMID: 33582014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi is an intriguing lipid producer that can produce triacylglycerol (TAG), a feedstock for biodiesel production. We previously reported that the L. starkeyi mutant E15 with high levels of TAG production compared with the wild-type was efficiently obtained using Percoll density gradient centrifugation. However, considering its use for biodiesel production, it is necessary to further improve the lipid productivity of the mutant. In this study, we aimed to obtain mutants with better lipid productivity than E15, evaluate its lipid productivity, and analyze lipid synthesis-related gene expression in the wild-type and mutant strains. The mutants E15-11, E15-15, and E15-25 exhibiting higher lipid productivity than E15 were efficiently isolated from cells exposed to ultraviolet light using Percoll density gradient centrifugation. They exhibited approximately 4.5-fold higher lipid productivity than the wild-type on day 3. The obtained mutants did not exhibit significantly different fatty acid profiles than the wild-type and E15 mutant strains. E15-11, E15-15, and E15-25 exhibited higher expression of acyl-CoA synthesis- and Kennedy pathway-related genes than the wild-type and E15 mutant strains. Activation of the pentose phosphate pathway, which supplies NADPH, was also observed. These results suggested that the increased expression of acyl-CoA synthesis- and Kennedy pathway-related genes plays a vital role in lipid productivity in the oleaginous yeast L. starkeyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Takaku
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Ebina
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Kotoha Kasuga
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Rikako Sato
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ara
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Haruka Kazama
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Matsuzawa
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Katsuro Yaoi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Hideo Araki
- Research Institute for Creating the Future, Fuji Oil Holdings Inc., 4-3 Kinunodai, Tsukubamirai-shi, Ibaraki 300-2497, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shida
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Wataru Ogasawara
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Koji Ishiya
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Aburatani
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tokyo Waterfront Main Bldg. 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Harutake Yamazaki
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
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12
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Di Fidio N, Dragoni F, Antonetti C, De Bari I, Raspolli Galletti AM, Ragaglini G. From paper mill waste to single cell oil: Enzymatic hydrolysis to sugars and their fermentation into microbial oil by the yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123790. [PMID: 32707500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single cell oil (SCO) represents an outstanding alternative to both fossil sources and vegetable oils from food crops waste. In this work, an innovative two-step process for the conversion of cellulosic paper mill waste into SCO was proposed and optimised. Hydrolysates containing glucose and xylose were produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of the untreated waste. Under the optimised reaction conditions (Cellic® CTec2 25 FPU/g glucan, 48 h, biomass loading 20 g/L), glucose and xylose yields of 95 mol% were reached. The undetoxified hydrolysate was adopted as substrate for a batch-mode fermentation by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. Lipid yield, content for single cell, production and maximum oil productivity were 20.2 wt%, 37 wt%, 3.7 g/L and 2.0 g/L/d respectively. This new generation oil, obtained from a negative value industrial waste, represents a promising platform chemical for the production of biodiesel, biosurfactants, animal feed and biobased plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Fidio
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federico Dragoni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy; Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Department of Technology Assessment and Substance Cycles, Potsdam-Bornim e.V. Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claudia Antonetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella De Bari
- Laboratory for Processes and Technologies for Biorefineries and Green Chemistry, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), CR Trisaia, S.S. 106 Jonica, 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Ragaglini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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13
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Peng XL, Zhao WJ, Wang YS, Dai KL, Cen YK, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Enhancement of gibberellic acid production from Fusarium fujikuroi by mutation breeding and glycerol addition. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:312. [PMID: 32582509 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a natural plant growth hormone that has been widely used in agriculture and horticulture. To obtain higher GA3 producing strains, the method of screening the strains for resistance to simvastatin was used after treatment with nitrosoguanidine (NTG) and gamma rays. The rationale for the strategy was that mutants showing simvastatin resistance were likely to be high GA3 producers, as their activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is relatively more effective. GA3 yield of mutant S109 increased by 14.2% than that of the original strain. The GA3 production ability in mutant S109 remained relatively stable after ten generations. With the addition of 0.4 g glycerol on the 5th day during the fermentation process in Erlenmeyer flask, maximum GA3 production of 2.7 g/L was achieved by this mutant, exhibiting 28.6% increase compared with original strain. Furthermore, we also achieved 2.8 g/L GA3 and had a 33.3% increase with addition 20 g glycerol on the 5th day during the fermentation process in a 5-L bioreactor. Our results indicated efficient GA3 production could be achieved on the condition that the supply of glycerol at the suitable conditions. This study would lay a foundation for industrial production of GA3.
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14
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Harnessing the Power of Mutagenesis and Adaptive Laboratory Evolution for High Lipid Production by Oleaginous Microalgae and Yeasts. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12125125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oleaginous microalgae and yeasts represent promising candidates for large-scale production of lipids, which can be utilized for production of drop-in biofuels, nutraceuticals, pigments, and cosmetics. However, low lipid productivity and costly downstream processing continue to hamper the commercial deployment of oleaginous microorganisms. Strain improvement can play an essential role in the development of such industrial microorganisms by increasing lipid production and hence reducing production costs. The main means of strain improvement are random mutagenesis, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE), and rational genetic engineering. Among these, random mutagenesis and ALE are straight forward, low-cost, and do not require thorough knowledge of the microorganism’s genetic composition. This paper reviews available mutagenesis and ALE techniques and screening methods to effectively select for oleaginous microalgae and yeasts with enhanced lipid yield and understand the alterations caused to metabolic pathways, which could subsequently serve as the basis for further targeted genetic engineering.
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15
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Lipid metabolism of the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6141-6148. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Hawary H, Rasmey AHM, Aboseidah AA, El-Morsi ES, Hafez M. Enhancement of glycerol production by UV-mutagenesis of the marine yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus HH16: kinetics and optimization of the fermentation process. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:446. [PMID: 31763124 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to enhance glycerol production using UV-mutagenesis of the marine yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus HH16 isolated from marine sediment collected from South Sinai Governorate, Egypt. Besides optimization of the culture conditions and analyzing the kinetic parameters of growth and glycerol biosynthesis by the mutant strain were studied. The marine yeast isolate HH16 was selected as the front runner glycerol-producer among all tested isolates, with glycerol yield recorded as 66.55 gl-1. The isolate was identified based on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of W. anomalus. The genotypic characterization based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence was deposited in the GenBank database with the accession number MK182824. UV-mutagenesis of W. anomalus HH16 by its exposure to UV radiation (254 nm, 200 mW cm-2) for 5 min; increased its capability in the glycerol production rate with 16.97% (80.15 g l-1). Based on the kinetic and Monod equations, the maximum specific growth rate (μ max) and maximum specific glycerol production rate (v max) by the mutant strain W. anomalus HH16MU5 were 0.21 h-1 and 0.103 g g-1, respectively. Optimization of the fermentation parameters such as nitrogen source, salinity and pH has been achieved. The maximum glycerol production 86.55 g l-1 has been attained in a fermentation medium composed of 200 g l-1 glucose, 1 g l-1 peptone, 3 g l-1 yeast extract, and 58.44 g l-1 NaCl, this medium was adjusted at pH 8 and incubated for 3 days at 30° C. Moreover, results indicated the ability of this yeast to produce glycerol (73.33 g l-1) using a seawater based medium. These findings suggest the applicability of using the yeast isolate W. anomalus HH16MU5 as a potential producer of glycerol for industrial purposes.
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Truong KA, Stephenson SL, Phung TV, Tran HTM. Effects of medium composition on the growth and lipid production of microplasmodia of Physarum polycephalum. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2873. [PMID: 31215765 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Physarum polycephalum is a plasmodial slime mold. One of the trophic stages in the life cycle of this organism is a plasmodium. In submerged culture, plasmodia are fragmented into microplasmodia. The latter both lack cell walls and are capable of rapid growth. There has been limited information on the effects of medium composition on the growth and lipid accumulation of microplasmodia. In this study, optimization of medium components by response surface methodology showed that tryptone and yeast extract concentrations had the most significant effects on lipid and biomass production; significant synergistic interactions between glucose and tryptone concentration on these responses were also recorded. The optimal medium was composed of 20 g/L of glucose, 6.59 g/L of tryptone, and 3.0 g/L of yeast extract. This medium yielded 13.86 g/L of dry biomass and 1.97 g/L of lipids. These amounts are threefold higher than those of the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) medium. In addition, biomass and lipid production reached maximal values between only 4 and 5 days. Fatty acid compositions analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) revealed that P. polycephalum lipids consisted mainly of oleic acid (40.5%), linoleic acid (10%), and octadecynoic (15.8%). This is the first report on the fatty acid composition of P. polycephalum microplasmodia. These results suggest that the biomass of microplasmodia could be used as a source of material for direct conversion into biodiesel because of the absence of cell walls or it could also be used as a supplemental source of beneficial fatty acids for humans, albeit with some further evaluation needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiet A Truong
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Steven L Stephenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Trung V Phung
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hanh T M Tran
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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18
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Yamazaki H, Kobayashi S, Ebina S, Abe S, Ara S, Shida Y, Ogasawara W, Yaoi K, Araki H, Takaku H. Highly selective isolation and characterization of Lipomyces starkeyi mutants with increased production of triacylglycerol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6297-6308. [PMID: 31165226 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi is an attractive organism for the industrial production of lipids; however, the amount of lipid produced by wild-type L. starkeyi is insufficient. The study aims to obtain L. starkeyi mutants that rapidly accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerol (TAG). Mutagenized yeast cells at the early stages of cultivation were subjected to Percoll density gradient centrifugation; cells with increased production of TAG were expected to be enriched in the resultant upper fraction because of their lower density. Among 120 candidates from the upper fractions, five mutants were isolated that accumulated higher amounts of TAG. Moreover, when omitting cells with mucoid colony morphology, 11 objective mutants from 11 candidates from the upper fraction were effectively (100%) isolated. Of total 16 mutants obtained, detailed characterization of five mutants was performed to reveal that five mutants achieved about 1.5-2.0 times TAG concentration (4.7-6.0 g/L) as compared with the wild-type strain (3.6 g/L) at day 5. Among these five mutants, strain E15 was the best for industrial use because only strain E15 showed significantly higher TAG concentration as well as significantly higher degree of lipid to glucose and biomass to glucose yields than the wild-type strain. Thus, Percoll density gradient centrifugation is an effective method to isolate mutant cells that rapidly accumulate large amounts of TAG. It is expected that by repeating this procedure as part of a yeast-breeding program, L. starkeyi mutants suitable for industrial lipid production can be easily and effectively obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harutake Yamazaki
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, 956-8603, Japan
| | - Suzuka Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, 956-8603, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ebina
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, 956-8603, Japan
| | - Shiho Abe
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, 956-8603, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ara
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, 956-8603, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shida
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | - Wataru Ogasawara
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | - Katsurou Yaoi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Hideo Araki
- Research Institute for Creating the Future, FUJI OIL HOLDINGS INC, 4-3 Kinunodai, Tsukubamirai-shi, Ibaraki, 300-2497, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaku
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, 956-8603, Japan.
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19
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Bessadok B, Santulli A, Breuck T, Sadok S. Species disparity response to mutagenesis of marine yeasts for the potential production of biodiesel. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:129. [PMID: 31139259 PMCID: PMC6530083 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the third-generation biodiesel feed stock, oleaginous marine yeasts are the least studied microorganisms for such purpose. RESULTS Wild strains yeasts were isolated from various Tunisian marine sources including fish waste (Candida tenuis CtTun15, Debaryomyces hansenii DhTun2015, Trichosporon asahii TaTun15 and Yarrowia lipolytica YlTun15) and seawater (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa RmTun15). Following incubation with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS: 75 mM) for various periods of time (T15, T30, T45, T60 min), the cell viability of these strains responded differentially according to yeast species. For instance, mutated CtTun15 did not survive after 30 min of EMS treatment; higher resistances were observed in DhTun2015 (45 min), in YlTun15, RmTun15 and in TaTun15 (60 min) but with significant decreased cell viabilities (survival rate: 6.02, 3.16, 11.22, 11.58, 7.70%, respectively). For all surviving mutated strains, the optima of biomass and lipid yields were detected after 96 h in YPD culture; but derived from strains submitted to different period of EMS incubation. In most mutated strains, the maximum biomass (BP) and lipid (LP) productivities coincided and were observed after 30 min of EMS incubation. Only CtTun15 showed different optima of BP and LP (after 30 min and 15 min, respectively). The fatty acids (FA) compositions considered essential in the prediction of biodiesel criteria; were highly affected by EMS mutagenesis. Essentially, 30- and 45-min EMS incubation induced the highest levels of PUFA and MUFA in YlTun15, RmTun15 and TaTun15 with non-significant differences in the different times. However, CtTun15 and DhTun2015 mutant strains responded differently, with the highest levels of MUFA observed following 15 and 45 min; and that of PUFA after 30 and 45 min, respectively. CONCLUSION The methyl-esterification of FA from the three mutated yeast strains (30 min-YlTun15, RmTun15 and TaTun15) yielded biodiesel with physical proprieties consistent with the International Standard System. However, investigations are needed for up-scaling biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boutheina Bessadok
- Blue Biotechnology and Aquatics Bioproducts Laboratory (B3Aqua), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer – INSTM-Annexe La Goulette, 60 Port de Pêche, 2060 La Goulette, Tunisia
- Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie (INAT), 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Andrea Santulli
- Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani (CUPT), Lungomare Dante Alighieri, 91016 Casa Santa, TP Italy
| | - Thomas Breuck
- Fachgebiet Industrielle Biokatalyse, IBK Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Saloua Sadok
- Blue Biotechnology and Aquatics Bioproducts Laboratory (B3Aqua), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer – INSTM-Annexe La Goulette, 60 Port de Pêche, 2060 La Goulette, Tunisia
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20
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Lipomyces starkeyi: an emerging cell factory for production of lipids, oleochemicals and biotechnology applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:147. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Lipid production via simultaneous conversion of glucose and xylose by a novel yeast, Cystobasidium iriomotense. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202164. [PMID: 30208038 PMCID: PMC6135397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast strains IPM32-16, ISM28-8sT, and IPM46-17, isolated from plant and soil samples from Iriomote Island, Japan, were explored in terms of lipid production during growth in a mixture of glucose and xylose. Phylogenetically, the strains were most closely related to Cystobasidium slooffiae, based on the sequences of the ITS regions and the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene. The strains were oleaginous, accumulating lipids to levels > 20% dry cell weight. Moreover, kinetic analysis of the sugar-to-lipid conversion of a 1:1 glucose/xylose mixture showed that the strains consumed the two sugars simultaneously. IPM46-17 attained the highest lipid content (33%), mostly C16 and C18 fatty acids. Thus, the yeasts efficiently converted lignocellulosic sugars to lipids, aiding in biofuel production (which benefits the environment, promotes rural jobs, and strengthens fuel security). The strains constituted a novel species of Cystobasidium, for which we propose the name Cystobasidium iriomotense (type strain ISM28-8sT = JCM 24594T = CBS 15015T).
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22
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Maruyama Y, Toya Y, Kurokawa H, Fukano Y, Sato A, Umemura H, Yamada K, Iwasaki H, Tobori N, Shimizu H. Characterization of oil-producing yeast Lipomyces starkeyi on glycerol carbon source based on metabolomics and 13C-labeling. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8909-8920. [PMID: 30097695 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipomyces starkeyi is an oil-producing yeast that can produce triacylglycerol (TAG) from glycerol as a carbon source. The TAG was mainly produced after nitrogen depletion alongside reduced cell proliferation. To obtain clues for enhancing the TAG production, cell metabolism during the TAG-producing phase was characterized by metabolomics with 13C labeling. The turnover analysis showed that the time constants of intermediates from glycerol to pyruvate (Pyr) were large, whereas those of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates were much smaller than that of Pyr. Surprisingly, the time constants of intermediates in gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway were large, suggesting that a large amount of the uptaken glycerol was metabolized via the PP pathway. To synthesize fatty acids that make up TAG from acetyl-CoA (AcCoA), 14 molecules of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) per C16 fatty acid molecule are required. Because the oxidative PP pathway generates NADPH, this pathway would contribute to supply NADPH for fatty acid synthesis. To confirm that the oxidative PP pathway can supply the NADPH required for TAG production, flux analysis was conducted based on the measured specific rates and mass balances. Flux analysis revealed that the NADPH necessary for TAG production was supplied by metabolizing 48.2% of the uptaken glycerol through gluconeogenesis and the PP pathway. This result was consistent with the result of the 13C-labeling experiment. Furthermore, comparison of the actual flux distribution with the ideal flux distribution for TAG production suggested that it is necessary to flow more dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) through gluconeogenesis to improve TAG yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maruyama
- Analytical Technology Research Center, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Toya
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurokawa
- Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Yuka Fukano
- Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Analytical Technology Research Center, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Umemura
- Analytical Technology Research Center, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamada
- Analytical Technology Research Center, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Hideaki Iwasaki
- Analytical Technology Research Center, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Norio Tobori
- Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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23
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Iasimone F, Zuccaro G, D'Oriano V, Franci G, Galdiero M, Pirozzi D, De Felice V, Pirozzi F. Combined yeast and microalgal cultivation in a pilot-scale raceway pond for urban wastewater treatment and potential biodiesel production. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:1062-1071. [PMID: 29488969 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A mixed culture of oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi and wastewater native microalgae (mostly Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp.) was performed to enhance lipid and biomass production from urban wastewaters. A 400 L raceway pond, operating outdoors, was designed and used for biomass cultivation. Microalgae and yeast were inoculated into the cultivation pond with a 2:1 inoculum ratio. Their concentrations were monitored for 14 continuous days of batch cultivation. Microalgal growth presented a 3-day initial lag-phase, while yeast growth occurred in the first few days. Yeast activity during the microalgal lag-phase enhanced microalgal biomass productivity, corresponding to 31.4 mgTSS m-2 d-1. Yeast growth was limited by low concentrations in wastewater of easily assimilated organic substrates. Organic carbon was absorbed in the first 3 days with a 3.7 mgC L-1 d-1 removal rate. Complete nutrient removal occurred during microalgal linear growth with 2.9 mgN L-1 d-1 and 0.96 mgP L-1 d-1 removal rates. Microalgal photosynthetic activity induced high pH and dissolved oxygen values resulted in natural bactericidal and antifungal activity. A 15% lipid/dry weight was measured at the end of the cultivation time. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis indicated that the lipids were mainly composed of arachidic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Iasimone
- Bioscience and Territory Department, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy E-mail:
| | - G Zuccaro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P. V. Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - V D'Oriano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - G Franci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - M Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - D Pirozzi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P. V. Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - V De Felice
- Bioscience and Territory Department, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy E-mail:
| | - F Pirozzi
- Civil and Environmental Department, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
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24
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Yamada R, Yamauchi A, Kashihara T, Ogino H. Evaluation of lipid production from xylose and glucose/xylose mixed sugar in various oleaginous yeasts and improvement of lipid production by UV mutagenesis. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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25
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Ganatsios V, Koutinas AA, Bekatorou A, Panagopoulos V, Banat IM, Terpou A, Kopsahelis N. Porous cellulose as promoter of oil production by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi using mixed agroindustrial wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:629-634. [PMID: 28810217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced single cell oil (SCO) production by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi DSM 70296, immobilised on delignified porous cellulose, is reported. Pure glucose media were initially used. The effects of substrate pH and treatment temperature were evaluated, showing that 30°C and pH 5.0 were the optimum conditions for SCO production by the immobilised yeast. The immobilisation technique led to increased lipid accumulation and cell growth by 44% and 8%, respectively, in the glucose media, compared to free cells in suspension. This positive effect was also shown when low concentration mixed agro-industrial waste suspensions were used as substrates, leading to 85% enhanced SCO production in comparison with free cells. Higher fatty acid (HFA) analysis showed that yeast immobilisation led to increased formation of unsaturated HFAs (6%) and reduced saturated HFAs (5%) compared to free cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Ganatsios
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece; Department of Oenology and Beverage Technology, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology, 661 00 Kavala, Greece
| | | | - Argyro Bekatorou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
| | | | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, BT52 1SA Coleraine, N. Ireland, UK
| | - Antonia Terpou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kopsahelis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
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Katre G, Ajmera N, Zinjarde S, RaviKumar A. Mutants of Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3589 grown on waste cooking oil as a biofactory for biodiesel production. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:176. [PMID: 29065878 PMCID: PMC5655982 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oleaginous yeasts are fast emerging as a possible feedstock for biodiesel production. Yarrowia lipolytica, a model oleaginous yeast is known to utilize a variety of hydrophobic substrates for lipid accumulation including waste cooking oil (WCO). Approaches to increase lipid content in this yeast include metabolic engineering which requires manipulation of multiple genes in the lipid biosynthesis pathway. A classical and cost-effective approach, namely, random chemical mutagenesis on the yeast can lead to increased production of biodiesel as is explored here. Results In this study, chemical mutagenesis using the alkylating agent, N- methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) as well as an additional treatment with cerulenin, a fatty acid synthase inhibitor generated 800 mutants of Y. lipolytica NCIM 3589 (761 MNNG treated and 39 MNNG + cerulenin treated). A three-stage screening using Sudan Black B plate technique, Nile red fluorimetry and total lipid extraction using solvent was performed, which enabled selection of ten high lipid yielding mutants. Time course studies of all the ten mutants were further undertaken in terms of biomass, lipid yield and lipid content to select three stable mutants (YlB6, YlC7 and YlE1) capable of growing and accumulating lipid on WCO, with lipid contents of 55, 60 and 67% as compared to 45% for the wild type. The mutants demonstrated increased volumetric lipid productivities (0.062, 0.044 and 0.041 g L−1 h−1) as compared to the wild type (0.033 g L−1 h−1). The fatty acid profile of the three mutants consisted of a high content of C16 and C18 saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and was found to be suitable for biodiesel production. The fuel properties, namely, density, kinematic viscosity, total acid number, iodine value of the three mutants were evaluated and found to lie within the limits specified by internationally accepted standards. Additionally, it was noted that the mutants demonstrated better cetane numbers and higher heating values than the wild type strain. Conclusion The chemical mutagenesis strategy adopted in this study resulted in the successful isolation of three stable high SCO yielding mutants. The mutants, namely, YlB6, YlC7 and YlE1 exhibited a 1.22, 1.33 and 1.49-fold increase in lipid contents when grown on 100 g L−1 waste cooking oil than the parental yeast strain. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of all the three mutants was determined to be suitable for biodiesel suggesting their potential applicability while simultaneously addressing the management of waste cooking oil. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0790-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouri Katre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | - Namasvi Ajmera
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | - Smita Zinjarde
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | - Ameeta RaviKumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India.
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27
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Improvement of lipid production by the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides through UV mutagenesis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:99. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Dasgupta D, Sharma T, Bhatt A, Bandhu S, Ghosh D. Cultivation of oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa IIPL32 in split column airlift reactor and its influence on fuel properties. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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29
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Xavier M, Coradini A, Deckmann A, Franco T. Lipid production from hemicellulose hydrolysate and acetic acid by Lipomyces starkeyi and the ability of yeast to metabolize inhibitors. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Highly improved acarbose production of Actinomyces through the combination of ARTP and penicillin susceptible mutant screening. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 33:16. [PMID: 27896580 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) was first employed to generate mutants of Actinomyces JN537 for improving acarbose production. To obtain higher acarbose producing strains, the method of screening the strains for susceptibility to penicillin was used after treatment with ARTP. The rationale for the strategy was that mutants showing penicillin susceptibility were likely to be high acarbose producers, as their ability to synthesize cell walls was weak which might enhance metabolic flux to the pathway of acarbose biosynthesis. Acarbose yield of the mutant strain M37 increased by 62.5 % than that of the original strain. The contents of monosaccharides and amino acids of the cell wall of M37 were lower than that of the original strain. The acarbose production ability in mutant strain remained relatively stable after 10 generations. This work provides a promising strategy for obtaining high acarbose-yield strains by combination of ARTP mutation method and efficient screening technique.
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31
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Maina S, Pateraki C, Kopsahelis N, Paramithiotis S, Drosinos EH, Papanikolaou S, Koutinas A. Microbial oil production from various carbon sources by newly isolated oleaginous yeasts. Eng Life Sci 2016; 17:333-344. [PMID: 32624779 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201500153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial oil production has received significant attention as a potential precursor for the production of biofuels, oleochemicals and food products. In this study, six oleaginous yeasts, isolated from fruits, were selected based on their ability to accumulate high intracellular content of microbial oil (20-48% w/w of total dry weight). The highest content of saturated fatty acids was 68.7% (w/w), whereas the highest content of oleic acid was 62.7% (w/w). Furthermore, nutrient-rich hydrolysates produced via enzymatic hydrolysis of flour-rich waste streams generated by a confectionery industry were evaluated as fermentation media for microbial oil production via fed-batch bioreactor cultures using one of the most promising isolates, namely VV_D4. A total dry weight of 40 g/L with a microbial oil content of 39% (w/w) was produced by isolate VV_D4. Critical biodiesel properties were estimated based on the fatty acid composition and correlated with the international standards. The microbial oil produced by the new isolates could be potentially used for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Maina
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Agricultural University of Athens Iera Odos 75 11855 Athens Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Pateraki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Agricultural University of Athens Iera Odos 75 11855 Athens Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kopsahelis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Agricultural University of Athens Iera Odos 75 11855 Athens Greece
| | - Spiros Paramithiotis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Agricultural University of Athens Iera Odos 75 11855 Athens Greece
| | - Eleftherios H Drosinos
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Agricultural University of Athens Iera Odos 75 11855 Athens Greece
| | - Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Agricultural University of Athens Iera Odos 75 11855 Athens Greece
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Agricultural University of Athens Iera Odos 75 11855 Athens Greece
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32
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A new strategy for strain improvement of Aurantiochytrium sp. based on heavy-ions mutagenesis and synergistic effects of cold stress and inhibitors of enoyl-ACP reductase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 93-94:182-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Tsouko E, Kachrimanidou V, dos Santos AF, do Nascimento Vitorino Lima ME, Papanikolaou S, de Castro AM, Freire DMG, Koutinas AA. Valorization of By-Products from Palm Oil Mills for the Production of Generic Fermentation Media for Microbial Oil Synthesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:1241-1256. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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Zhu H, Luo W, Ciesielski PN, Fang Z, Zhu JY, Henriksson G, Himmel ME, Hu L. Wood-Derived Materials for Green Electronics, Biological Devices, and Energy Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9305-74. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 876] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Wei Luo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Peter N. Ciesielski
- Biosciences
Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - J. Y. Zhu
- Forest
Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Gunnar Henriksson
- Division
of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer
Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael E. Himmel
- Biosciences
Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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35
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Liu L, Pan A, Spofford C, Zhou N, Alper HS. An evolutionary metabolic engineering approach for enhancing lipogenesis in Yarrowia lipolytica. Metab Eng 2015; 29:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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36
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Anschau A, Franco TT. Cell mass energetic yields of fed-batch culture by Lipomyces starkeyi. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1517-25. [PMID: 25832790 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estimation of the energy capacity of a microbial cell mass on the basis of its lipid content and elemental composition can be used for the comparative evaluation of different microbial sources of biodiesel. Lipomyces starkeyi cell mass concentration reached 94.6 g/L with 37.4% of lipids in a fed-batch process using xylose and urea as substrates. The fatty acid composition of the yeast oil was quite similar to that of palm oil. L. starkeyi converted more than 80% of the energy contained in xylose into cell mass energy yield. The approach used in this study makes it possible to determine the energy of a cell mass by its elemental composition. A heat of combustion (Q c) of 25.7 (kJ/g) was obtained for the cell mass after 142 h of fed-batch cultivation, which represents approximately 56% of the energy content of diesel oil (45.4 kJ/g). The Q c of the triacylglycerols produced was 48.9 (kJ/g), indicating the potential of this oleaginous yeast for biodiesel production. Our work developed here provides a simple and efficient tool for characterization of this cell mass to further our understanding of its use as a feedstock for bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Anschau
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology (UTFPR), Dois Vizinhos-PR, 85660-000, Brazil,
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37
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Li X, Lin Y, Chang M, Jin Q, Wang X. Efficient production of arachidonic acid by Mortierella alpina through integrating fed-batch culture with a two-stage pH control strategy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 181:275-82. [PMID: 25661306 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA) yield and productivity of Mortierella alpina mutant D20 were enhanced by integrating a fed-batch culture combined with a two-stage pH control strategy. Following a kinetic analysis of the whole fermentation process, a two-stage pH control strategy was developed in which the pH was maintained at 5.5 for the first 48 h and then shifted to 6.5 till the end of fermentation. Using this strategy, a maximum ARA production of 8.12 g/L was achieved. On the basis of pH control, the effects of fed-batch cultures on ARA productivity were further investigated. A maximum ARA productivity of 1.40 g/L/d was obtained with a two-stage constant-speed glucose feeding strategy, starting with a glucose concentration of 50 g/L. This strategy was simple and economical to operate, and it may be possible to apply this approach for large-scale industrial production of ARA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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38
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Li X, Liu R, Li J, Chang M, Liu Y, Jin Q, Wang X. Enhanced arachidonic acid production from Mortierella alpina combining atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) and diethyl sulfate treatments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 177:134-140. [PMID: 25484124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To obtain mutant strains with higher arachidonic acid (ARA) yields, the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina was mutated using atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) coupled with diethyl sulfate (DES). A visual compound filter operation was used in which a screening medium was supplemented with cerulenin, an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FAS), and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). The mutant strain D20 with an ARA production of 5.09 g/L, a 40.61% increase over the original strain (3.62 g/L), was isolated. The relative ARA content increased from 38.99% to 45.64% of total fatty acids. After optimizing fermentation conditions, the maximum ARA yield (6.82 g/L) for strain D20 was obtained in shake flasks. This work provides an appropriate strategy for obtaining high ARA-yield strains by conventional random mutation methods with an efficient screening assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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39
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Coradini ALV, Anschau A, Vidotti ADS, Reis ÉM, da Cunha Abreu Xavier M, Coelho RS, Franco TT. Microorganism for Bioconversion of Sugar Hydrolysates into Lipids. MICROORGANISMS IN BIOREFINERIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-45209-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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40
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Yu AQ, Pratomo Juwono NK, Leong SSJ, Chang MW. Production of Fatty Acid-derived valuable chemicals in synthetic microbes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2014; 2:78. [PMID: 25566540 PMCID: PMC4275033 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2014.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid derivatives, such as hydroxy fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty acid methyl/ethyl esters, and fatty alka(e)nes, have a wide range of industrial applications including plastics, lubricants, and fuels. Currently, these chemicals are obtained mainly through chemical synthesis, which is complex and costly, and their availability from natural biological sources is extremely limited. Metabolic engineering of microorganisms has provided a platform for effective production of these valuable biochemicals. Notably, synthetic biology-based metabolic engineering strategies have been extensively applied to refactor microorganisms for improved biochemical production. Here, we reviewed: (i) the current status of metabolic engineering of microbes that produce fatty acid-derived valuable chemicals, and (ii) the recent progress of synthetic biology approaches that assist metabolic engineering, such as mRNA secondary structure engineering, sensor-regulator system, regulatable expression system, ultrasensitive input/output control system, and computer science-based design of complex gene circuits. Furthermore, key challenges and strategies were discussed. Finally, we concluded that synthetic biology provides useful metabolic engineering strategies for economically viable production of fatty acid-derived valuable chemicals in engineered microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Qun Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore ; Synthetic Biology Research Program, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Nina Kurniasih Pratomo Juwono
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore ; Synthetic Biology Research Program, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Susanna Su Jan Leong
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore ; Synthetic Biology Research Program, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore ; Singapore Institute of Technology , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore ; Synthetic Biology Research Program, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
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41
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Tsakona S, Kopsahelis N, Chatzifragkou A, Papanikolaou S, Kookos IK, Koutinas AA. Formulation of fermentation media from flour-rich waste streams for microbial lipid production by Lipomyces starkeyi. J Biotechnol 2014; 189:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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42
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Anschau A, Xavier MCA, Hernalsteens S, Franco TT. Effect of feeding strategies on lipid production by Lipomyces starkeyi. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 157:214-22. [PMID: 24556374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce microbial oil from Lipomyces starkeyi DSM 70296 grown in hemicellulose hydrolysate (H-H). Glucose and xylose were used for batch, fed-batch, repeated fed-batch, and continuous cultures, and H-H was tested at continuous culture. The highest cell and lipid concentrations of 85.4 and 41.8g/L, respectively, were obtained using repeated fed-batch strategy. Continuous culture with dilution rate of 0.03h(-1) presented the highest overall cell (0.443g/g) and lipid yields (0.236g/g). At 0.06h(-1) were obtained the highest cell and lipid productivities. Continuous cultivation using H-H at 0.03h(-1) resulted in higher cell productivity than that obtained using glucose:xylose. Gas chromatography analysis of the esterified lipids indicated that the major constituents of this complex are palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid with an estimated cetane number (approximately 61) similar to that of palm biodiesel, which is important for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Anschau
- Department of Chemical Processes, College of Chemical Engineering, UNICAMP (State University of Campinas), P.O. Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Michelle C A Xavier
- Department of Chemical Processes, College of Chemical Engineering, UNICAMP (State University of Campinas), P.O. Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Saartje Hernalsteens
- Department of Exact Sciences and Geoscience, College of Chemical Engineering, UNIFESP (Federal University of São Paulo), 09972-270 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Telma T Franco
- Department of Chemical Processes, College of Chemical Engineering, UNICAMP (State University of Campinas), P.O. Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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43
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Zhang Q, Li Y, Xia L. An oleaginous endophyte Bacillus subtilis HB1310 isolated from thin-shelled walnut and its utilization of cotton stalk hydrolysate for lipid production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:152. [PMID: 25342975 PMCID: PMC4205296 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Third generation biodiesel processing from microbial lipids using low-cost lignocellulosic feedstocks has attracted much attention. Endophytes isolated from oleaginous plants possibly have the capacity to accumulate lipids similar to the hosts. However, little work has been reported in terms of endophytic bacteria isolation from oleaginous plants and their lipid production using lignocellulosic hydrolysate as substrate. RESULTS A new oleaginous endophyte HB1310 has been isolated from the thin-shelled walnut, and identified as Bacillus subtilis on the basis of both 16S rDNA gene sequencing and examination of its physiological and biochemical properties. This strain effectively accumulates cellular lipids using cotton stalk hydrolysate as a substrate. The optimum C/N ratio, culture temperature, and pH value were determined to be 50/1, 30°C, and 6.5, respectively. Batch fermentation was conducted in a bioreactor using these parameters. Satisfactory production, with a maximum lipid productivity of 2.3 g/L, lipid content of 39.8% (w/w), and cell dry weight (CDW) of 5.7 g/L, was obtained at a culture time of 48 h. Variations in the fluorescent intensity and lipid inclusion formation of cells collected at different sampling times illustrate the potential of this bacterium to be useful for cellular lipid production. The fatty acid profile of the produced bacterial lipids showed that the major constituents are myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids with an estimated cetane number of about 61.8, indicating that this strain may be suitable for biodiesel production. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation is the first report of an oleaginous endophytic bacterium isolated from the thin-shelled walnut. This strain is capable of producing high lipid contents rapidly using cotton stalk hydrolysate as a substrate, and its lipids are suitable for use as the feedstock for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- />Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
- />College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300 Xinjiang China
- />Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300 Xinjiang China
| | - Yanbin Li
- />College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300 Xinjiang China
- />Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300 Xinjiang China
| | - Liming Xia
- />Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
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