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Nikolov N, Makeyev S, Korostynska O, Novikova T, Kriukova Y. Gaussian Filter for Brain SPECT Imaging. INNOVATIVE BIOSYSTEMS AND BIOENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2022.6.1.128475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The presence of a noise component on 3D images of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of a brain significantly distorts the probability distribution function (PD) of the radioactive count rate in the images. The presence of noise and further filtering of the data, based on a subjective assessment of image quality, have a significant impact on the calculation of volumetric cerebral blood flow and the values of the uptake asymmetry of the radiopharmaceutical in a brain.
Objective. We are aimed to develop a method for optimal SPECT filtering of brain images with lipophilic radiopharmaceuticals, based on a Gaussian filter (GF), for subsequent image segmentation by the threshold method.
Methods. SPECT images of the water phantom and the brain of patients with 99mTc-HMPAO were used. We have developed a technique for artificial addition of speckle noise to conditionally flawless data in order to determine the optimal parameters for smoothing SPECT, based on a GF. The quantitative criterion for optimal smoothing was the standard deviation between the PD of radioactive count rate of the smoothed image and conditionally ideal one.
Results. It was shown that the maximum radioactive count rate of the SPECT image has an extremum by changing the standard deviation of the GF in the range of 0.3–0.4 pixels. The greater the noise component in the SPECT image, the more quasi-linearly the corresponding rate changes. This dependence allows determining the optimal smoothing parameters. The application of the developed smoothing technique allows restoring the probability distribution function of the radioactive count rate (distribution histogram) with an accuracy up to 5–10%. This provides the possibility to standardize SPECT images of brain.
Conclusions. The research results of work solve a specific applied problem: restoration of the histogram of a radiopharmaceuticals distribution in a brain for correct quantitative assessment of regional cerebral blood flow. In contrast to the well-known publications on the filtration of SPECT data, the work takes into account that the initial tomographic data are 3D, rather than 2D slices, and contain not only uniform random Gaussian noise, but also a pronounced speckle component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Nikolov
- Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute; Kundiiev Institute of Occupational Health, NAMS of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy Makeyev
- Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute, NAMS of Ukraine, Ukraine
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Lin TS, Hsu PY, Ko CL, Kuo YM, Lu CH, Shen CY, Hsieh SC. Increased heterogeneity of brain perfusion predicts the development of cerebrovascular accidents. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25557. [PMID: 33847685 PMCID: PMC8052039 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of brain perfusion is related to the risk factors of thromboembolic events such as antiphospholipid syndrome. However, the effectiveness of brain perfusion heterogeneity as a marker to predict thromboembolic events has not been confirmed. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of brain perfusion heterogeneity as a marker to predict the development of cerebrovascular accidents. In this retrospective cohort study, patients who underwent Tc-99m ECD brain SPECT from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2008 were included. Each study was reoriented with the Talairach space provided by the NeuroGam Software package. Heterogeneity of brain perfusion was measured as the coefficient of variation. The study outcome was the risk of cerebral vascular accidents in patients with increased heterogeneity of brain perfusion between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2015. A multiple Cox proportional hazards model was applied to evaluate the risk of cerebrovascular accidents. A total of 70 patients were included in this study. The median age was 39 years (range, 28 - 59 years). There were 55 (78.6%) women. For increased heterogeneity of brain perfusion, the hazard ratio of cerebrovascular accidents was 2.68 (95% CI, 1.41 - 5.09; P = .003) after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Our study suggests that increased heterogeneity of brain perfusion is associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Syuan Lin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine
| | - Pei-Ying Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City
| | - Chi-Lun Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Shen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Texture analysis of placental MRI: can it aid in the prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum? Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44:3175-3184. [PMID: 31240328 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if texture analysis can differentiate placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) from normal placenta on MRI. METHODS We performed retrospective image analysis of 80 patients, comprised of 46 patients with PAS and 34 patients without PAS. Histopathology was used as the reference standard. Sagittal single shot fast spin echo T2-weighted MRI sequences acquired from a single institution were analyzed. Placental heterogeneity was quantified using in-house software on a Matlab platform, including the standard deviation of pixel intensity, coefficient of variation, gray-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM), histogram-oriented gradients (HOG), and fractal analysis with box sizes from 2 to 512. Two-tailed unpaired Student's t test was used with statistical significance of p < 0.05. RESULTS PAS was associated with higher values for standard deviation of pixel intensity and fractal analysis at every box size. Fractal analysis at box sizes 256 (p = 0.011) and 32 (p = 0.021), and standard deviation of pixel intensity (p = 0.023) were the most statistically significant. Fractal values at box size 256 for PAS was 0.13 versus 0.090 for patients without PAS, while standard deviation of pixel intensity was 3.7 for PAS versus 2.5 for patients without PAS. No statistically significant association between PAS and GLCM, coefficient of variation, and HOG was found. CONCLUSION Statistically significant differences were found between normal and abnormal groups using standard deviation of pixel intensity and fractal analysis.
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Lin TS, Hsu PY, Chang CH, Ko CL, Kuo YM, Wu YW, Yen RF, Wu CH, Li KJ, Hsein YC, Hsieh SC. Increased heterogeneity of brain perfusion is an early marker of central nervous system involvement in antiphospholipid antibody carriers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182344. [PMID: 28763503 PMCID: PMC5538638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The non-criteria neuropsychiatric manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome include headache, dizziness, vertigo, seizure, depression and psychosis. There were still no objective methods qualified to detect the early central nervous system involvement in non-criteria antiphospholipid syndrome. We evaluated the effectiveness of Tc-99m ECD SPECT in assessing circulatory insufficiency in the brains of patients with antiphospholipid antibodies and neuropsychiatric symptoms but without thromboembolism. Materials and methods Patients with a history of positive antiphospholipid antibodies and neuropsychiatric symptoms composed the case group; patients without antiphospholipid antibody served as the control group. Subjects with a history of thromboembolism or autoantibodies to extractable nuclear antigens were excluded. All patients received Tc-99m ECD SPECT studies and were classified by the number of positive antiphospholipid antibodies they carried. The heterogeneity of brain perfusion was defined as the coefficient of variation of the SPECT signals. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to evaluate the differences between the groups. Results Total 60 adult patients were included in this study. There were 54 patients in the case group and 6 patients in the control group. The mean age was 38.3 ± 11.5 years. There were 52 women and 8 men. There was no significant difference in the mean brain perfusion between groups (P = 0.69). However, Tc-99m ECD SPECT demonstrated significant heterogeneity of brain perfusion in relation to the number of antiphospholipid antibodies (P = 0.01). Conclusions This is the first study demonstrating that Tc-99m ECD SPECT can early detect the increased heterogeneity of brain circulation in non-criteria antiphospholipid antibody carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Syuan Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Hsu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hao Chang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Lun Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Medical Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ruoh-Fang Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yenh-Chen Hsein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Di Ieva A, Esteban FJ, Grizzi F, Klonowski W, Martín-Landrove M. Fractals in the Neurosciences, Part II. Neuroscientist 2015; 21:30-43. [PMID: 24362814 DOI: 10.1177/1073858413513928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
It has been ascertained that the human brain is a complex system studied at multiple scales, from neurons and microcircuits to macronetworks. The brain is characterized by a hierarchical organization that gives rise to its highly topological and functional complexity. Over the last decades, fractal geometry has been shown as a universal tool for the analysis and quantification of the geometric complexity of natural objects, including the brain. The fractal dimension has been identified as a quantitative parameter for the evaluation of the roughness of neural structures, the estimation of time series, and the description of patterns, thus able to discriminate different states of the brain in its entire physiopathological spectrum. Fractal-based computational analyses have been applied to the neurosciences, particularly in the field of clinical neurosciences including neuroimaging and neuroradiology, neurology and neurosurgery, psychiatry and psychology, and neuro-oncology and neuropathology. After a review of the basic concepts of fractal analysis and its main applications to the basic neurosciences in part I of this series, here, we review the main applications of fractals to the clinical neurosciences for a holistic approach towards a fractal geometry model of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Ieva
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Systematic Anatomy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francisco J. Esteban
- Systems Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Fabio Grizzi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Wlodzimierz Klonowski
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miguel Martín-Landrove
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Physics and National Institute for Bioengineering, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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Pantic I, Dacic S, Brkic P, Lavrnja I, Pantic S, Jovanovic T, Pekovic S. Application of fractal and grey level co-occurrence matrix analysis in evaluation of brain corpus callosum and cingulum architecture. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:1373-1381. [PMID: 24967845 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927614012811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This aim of this study was to assess the discriminatory value of fractal and grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) analysis methods in standard microscopy analysis of two histologically similar brain white mass regions that have different nerve fiber orientation. A total of 160 digital micrographs of thionine-stained rat brain white mass were acquired using a Pro-MicroScan DEM-200 instrument. Eighty micrographs from the anterior corpus callosum and eighty from the anterior cingulum areas of the brain were analyzed. The micrographs were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health ImageJ software and its plugins. For each micrograph, seven parameters were calculated: angular second moment, inverse difference moment, GLCM contrast, GLCM correlation, GLCM variance, fractal dimension, and lacunarity. Using the Receiver operating characteristic analysis, the highest discriminatory value was determined for inverse difference moment (IDM) (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve equaled 0.925, and for the criterion IDM≤0.610 the sensitivity and specificity were 82.5 and 87.5%, respectively). Most of the other parameters also showed good sensitivity and specificity. The results indicate that GLCM and fractal analysis methods, when applied together in brain histology analysis, are highly capable of discriminating white mass structures that have different axonal orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pantic
- 1Institute of Medical Physiology,School of Medicine,University of Belgrade,Visegradska 26/II,11129,Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Sanja Dacic
- 2Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology,University of Belgrade,Studentski trg 3,11000,Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Predrag Brkic
- 1Institute of Medical Physiology,School of Medicine,University of Belgrade,Visegradska 26/II,11129,Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- 3Department of Neurobiology,Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic",University of Belgrade,Boulevard Despot Stefan 142,11060 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Senka Pantic
- 4Institute of Histology,School of Medicine,University of Belgrade,Visegradska 26/II,11129,Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Tomislav Jovanovic
- 1Institute of Medical Physiology,School of Medicine,University of Belgrade,Visegradska 26/II,11129,Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Sanja Pekovic
- 3Department of Neurobiology,Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic",University of Belgrade,Boulevard Despot Stefan 142,11060 Belgrade,Serbia
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Fractal analysis in radiological and nuclear medicine perfusion imaging: a systematic review. Eur Radiol 2013; 24:60-9. [PMID: 23974703 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-013-2977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of recent research in fractal analysis of tissue perfusion imaging, using standard radiological and nuclear medicine imaging techniques including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and to discuss implications for different fields of application. METHODS A systematic review of fractal analysis for tissue perfusion imaging was performed by searching the databases MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE (via Ovid) and ISI Web of Science. RESULTS Thirty-seven eligible studies were identified. Fractal analysis was performed on perfusion imaging of tumours, lung, myocardium, kidney, skeletal muscle and cerebral diseases. Clinically, different aspects of tumour perfusion and cerebral diseases were successfully evaluated including detection and classification. In physiological settings, it was shown that perfusion under different conditions and in various organs can be properly described using fractal analysis. CONCLUSIONS Fractal analysis is a suitable method for quantifying heterogeneity from radiological and nuclear medicine perfusion images under a variety of conditions and in different organs. Further research is required to exploit physiologically proven fractal behaviour in the clinical setting. KEY POINTS • Fractal analysis of perfusion images can be successfully performed. • Tumour, pulmonary, myocardial, renal, skeletal muscle and cerebral perfusion have already been examined. • Clinical applications of fractal analysis include tumour and brain perfusion assessment. • Fractal analysis is a suitable method for quantifying perfusion heterogeneity. • Fractal analysis requires further research concerning the development of clinical applications.
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