1
|
Hirbaye G, Tola EH, Moje N, Sori T. Molecular and Serological Investigation of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in the East Shewa, Central Ethiopia. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2024; 15:81-90. [PMID: 38496262 PMCID: PMC10942010 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s452153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an economically important disease in poultry with worldwide distribution. The occurrence of IB has been reported both in commercial and backyard poultry in Ethiopia, although comprehensive information lacks available prevalence of the disease and the circulating serotypes. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to June 2022 in seven commercial farms found in East Shewa, Central Ethiopia. Serological assay using indirect ELISA, virus isolation techniques in embryonated eggs, and molecular techniques such as one-step reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a 466 bp S1 gene were employed. Results A total of 196 blood samples, 7 pools (35) of swab samples, and 5 pools of tracheal samples were investigated. The results of serological analysis revealed that 97.96% (192/196; 95% CI: 94.86-99.44) of the sera samples were found to be positive for antibodies against IBV. Out of the 7 pools of swab and 5 pools of tracheal tissue samples analyzed using RT-PCR 33.3% (4/12) of them gave positive results all from swab samples. The RT-PCR-positive samples were subjected to a nested PCR yielding 295bp and 154bp indicating the circulation of Mass and 793/B (4/91) strains of IBV, respectively. The 12 pools of samples inoculated into embryonated egg showed cytopathic changes such as congestion, bleeding, and deformation only after three passages. Conclusion Two serotypes of IBV are circulating in Ethiopian chickens, and molecular identification of the Massachusetts serotype is the first report in Ethiopia. Further epidemiological investigation is needed in order to devise effective control measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemachu Hirbaye
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Eyob Hirpa Tola
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Nebyou Moje
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Teshale Sori
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Assen AM, Walkden-Brown SW, Stillman M, Alfirevich S, Gerber PF. Comparison of tracheal and choanal cleft swabs and poultry dust samples for detection of Newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus genome in vaccinated meat chicken flocks. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247729. [PMID: 33861761 PMCID: PMC8051787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed different methods (tracheal and choanal cleft swabs from individual birds, and poultry dust as a population level measure) to evaluate the shedding kinetics of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genome in meat chicken flocks after spray vaccination at hatchery. Dust samples and tracheal and choanal cleft swabs were collected from four meat chicken flocks at 10, 14, 21 and 31 days post vaccination (dpv) and tested for IBV and NDV genome copies (GC) by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. IBV and NDV GC were detected in all sample types throughout the study period. Detection rates for choanal cleft and tracheal swabs were comparable, with moderate and fair agreement between sample types for IBV (McNemar's = 0.27, kappa = 0.44) and NDV (McNemar's = 0.09; kappa = 0.31) GC respectively. There was no significant association for IBV GC in swabs and dust samples (R2 = 0.15, P = 0.13) but NDV detection rates and viral load in swabs were strongly associated with NDV GC in dust samples (R2 = 0.86 and R2 = 0.90, P<0.001). There was no difference in IBV and NDV GC in dust samples collected from different locations within a poultry house. In conclusion, dust samples collected from any location within poultry house show promise for monitoring IBV and NDV GC in meat chickens at a population level and choanal cleft swabs can be used for detection of IBV and NDV GC instead of tracheal swabs in individual birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awol M. Assen
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Stephen W. Walkden-Brown
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Stillman
- Baiada Poultry Pty Limited, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Priscilla F. Gerber
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al-Jallad T, Kassouha M, Salhab M, Alomar A, Al-Masalma M, Abdelaziz F. Molecular characterization of isolated infectious bronchitis viruses from affected vaccinated broiler flocks in Syria. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:449. [PMID: 33213457 PMCID: PMC7678145 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) is a highly contagious disease that imposes a huge economic burden on the global poultry industry. IBV contains numerous serotypes and variants with incomplete tenuous cross immunological protection. The failure of currently used vaccines to protect against diverse, circulating IBV strains that are specific to a given region poses a major problem for the poultry industry. Thus, there is an urgent need to conduct studies aimed at genotyping field IB viruses. In this study, we have determined the molecular characteristics of circulating IBV by sequencing the S1 gene of viral isolates from affected previously vaccinated broiler flocks suffering from the disease. Results Ten isolates propagated in embryonated eggs showed an ability to induce typical IBV lesions after three successive viral passages. We performed a nested RT–PCR assay that targeted the hypervariable region 3 (HVR-3) of the S1 gene, and identified the isolates as IBV through sequence analysis. The IBV isolates showed sequence similarity between the Syrian isolates that vary from 96.20 to 100%, and those being closer to the Variant-2 strain IS/1494/06 (EU780077.2) with 97.5 to 99.4% similarities. However, less nucleotide identity was found with sequences belonging to the used vaccine strains such as H120, Mass5, and 4/91. Conclusions This study showed the presence of the Variant-2 strain circulating in Syrian broiler flocks showing signs of IBV disease. Currently, there is no commercial effective vaccine which protects birds against the Variant-2 strain. Continuous monitoring procedures should be taken to control and limit the spread of the IBV Variant-2 strain. This research emphasizes both the importance of epidemiological monitoring in intensive poultry farming for novel pathogens and the use of local isolates as future vaccine targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Al-Jallad
- The General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.,Department of Animal Production, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
| | - Morshed Kassouha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hama University, Hama, Syria.
| | - Mohamad Salhab
- The General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria
| | - Anouar Alomar
- Faculty of Sciences, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdelaziz AM, Mohamed MHA, Fayez MM, Al-Marri T, Qasim I, Al-Amer AA. Molecular survey and interaction of common respiratory pathogens in chicken flocks (field perspective). Vet World 2019; 12:1975-1986. [PMID: 32095050 PMCID: PMC6989313 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1975-1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was designed for the detection of the most prevalent respiratory infections in chicken flocks and clarifying their interaction and impact on flock health. Materials and Methods: A total of 359 serum samples were collected from 55 backyard chickens and tested using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits to determine the seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), influenza type A, Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS). Molecular prevalence of NDV, IBV, low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H9N2, MG, and MS was carried out on swab, and tissue samples collected from 55 backyard flocks and 11 commercial broiler flocks suffered from respiratory infections using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription-PCR. Results: Seroprevalence of NDV, IBV, Influenza type A virus, MG, and MS in chicken backyard flocks was 56.4%, 50.9%, 12.7%, 14.5%, and 3.6%, respectively. Specific antibodies against one or more respiratory viruses and mycoplasma were detected in 36.4% of backyard flocks, indicating concurrent viral infections. The molecular survey showed that 90.9% of chicken backyard flocks were infected with common respiratory viruses (NDV, IBV, and LPAIV H9N2) while 81.8% of commercial broiler flocks were infected. The molecular prevalence rate of NDV, IBV, and LPAIV H9N2 was 46.97%, 56.1%, and 19.7% in backyard flocks, respectively. Combined viral and bacterial infection represented 40% and 63.6% of the respiratory infections, resulting in enhanced pathogenicity and increased mortalities of up to 87.5% and 27.8% in backyard and commercial flocks, respectively. Mixed infection of IBV, LPAIV H9N2, and/or Escherichia coli is the most prevalent mixed infection in broiler flocks, inducing severe clinical outcomes. Avian pathogenic E. coli was, respectively, isolated from 40% of backyard flocks and 81.82% of broiler flocks. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from three backyard chicken flocks mixed with other respiratory pathogens with elevated mortality. Mixed infection of E. coli and MG reported in 9.1% of broiler flock. MG was detected in 14.5% of backyard flocks and 9.1% of broiler flocks while MS was detected only in 3.6% of backyard chickens mixed with E. coli, and other viruses. Conclusion: Our results confirm that mixed infections are more commonly prevalent and associated with dramatic exacerbation in clinical outcomes than a single infection. Bidirectional synergistic interaction between these concurrently interacted respiratory pathogens explains the severe clinical impact and high mortality rate. The high prevalence of IBV (either as a single or combined infection) with LPAIV H9N2 and/or E. coli, in spite of intensive use of commercial vaccines, increases the need for revising vaccination programs and the application of standard biosecurity measures. Backyard chickens impose a great risk and threaten commercial flocks due to the high prevalence of viral respiratory pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel M Abdelaziz
- Veterinary Educational Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.,Department of Avian Diseases, Al Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud H A Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Fayez
- Al Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Saudi Arabia.,Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Egypt
| | - Theeb Al-Marri
- Al Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Qasim
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Aziz Al-Amer
- Al Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Suryaman GK, Soejoedono RD, Setiyono A, Poetri ON, Handharyani E. Isolation and characterization of avian coronavirus from healthy Eclectus parrots ( Eclectus roratus) from Indonesia. Vet World 2019; 12:1797-1805. [PMID: 32009759 PMCID: PMC6925039 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1797-1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Avian coronavirus has a wide range of hosts, from chickens and turkeys to wild birds. This virus causes an economically and, possibly, environmentally, important loss in the poultry industry. Therefore, research into the avian coronavirus in various species of birds is required. The Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) is an endemic bird to Indonesia and Northern Australia and often kept as pets. At present, there has been limited information about avian coronavirus infection among birds. This study aimed to determine the presence of and to characterize avian coronavirus isolated from Eclectus parrots in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Cloacal swab samples were taken from 10 healthy Eclectus parrots (E. roratus). Each isolate was propagated into specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs. The presence of avian coronavirus was determined using three sets of primers targeting the 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) of avian coronavirus (UTR41+/11−), the N gene of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBVN+/−), and the S1 gene of the IBV (XCE2+/XCE2−). The infectious bronchitis vaccine strain H120 was used as a positive control. Resulting positive bands were sequenced for the S1 gene. Results: None of the isolates was positive for the 3’-UTR, four isolates were positive for the N gene of infectious bronchitis, and two isolates were positive for the S1 gene of the IBV. However, only one isolate (parrot/Indonesia/BX9/16) was sequenced for the partial S1 gene with primers XCE2+/XCE2−. The partial nucleotide sequence of this isolate showed 100% homology with the IBV GI-13 lineage, specifically with a field isolate of the 4/91 variant 1 Israel and the 4/91 vaccine on the hypervariable region 3 site of the S1 gene. Conclusion: An IB-like avian coronavirus was isolated from healthy Eclectus parrots. Our results indicate that IBV has a wide range of hosts, which prompt the need to understand the interspecies connection of this virus better.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G K Suryaman
- Department of Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - R D Soejoedono
- Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - A Setiyono
- Department of Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - O N Poetri
- Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - E Handharyani
- Department of Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alsultan MA, Alhammadi MA, Hemida MG. Infectious bronchitis virus from chickens in Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia 2015-2016. Vet World 2019; 12:424-433. [PMID: 31089313 PMCID: PMC6487242 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.424-433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to isolate some of the currently circulating infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains from some broiler chicken farms in Al-Hasa and to do some molecular characteristics of these strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected 300 tissue specimens, including the trachea, bronchi, lungs, and kidneys from some four commercial chicken farms showing respiratory manifestations. We tested these tissue specimens by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and gel-based PCR. We selected some PCR positive samples for isolation in the embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). We sequenced some PCR-positive samples and conducted phylogenetic analysis based on the obtained sequences. RESULTS Our molecular surveillance revealed that 31.6% of the tested specimens were IBV positive by PCR. We selected some positive specimens showing low Ct values by the qRT-PCR for virus isolation by the ECE. The infected eggs showed hemorrhage, dwarfing, and death in some cases after three passages in the ECE. We sequenced some of the positive PCR specimens and used the obtained sequences to draw the phylogenetic tree based on the partial IBV-ORF-1a, N, and S1 gene sequences. The phylogenetic trees based on the IBV-N and S1 gene sequences showed that the circulating IBV strains in Al-Hasa during 2016 was showing a high degree of identity to some strains from Taiwan and Italy. Meanwhile, the grouping of these strains based on the IBV-S1 sequences revealed that the currently circulating IBV strains in Al-Hasa belonged to Gr.I.7 along with strains from Taiwan. CONCLUSION Our results confirmed the continuous circulation of the IBV among the chicken population in Al-Hasa despite the intensive application of vaccines against this virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Ali Alhammadi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged Gomaa Hemida
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Setiawaty R, Soejoedono RD, Poetri ON. Genetic characterization of S1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from commercial poultry flocks in West Java, Indonesia. Vet World 2019; 12:231-235. [PMID: 31040563 PMCID: PMC6460881 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.231-235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Infectious bronchitis (IB) is still a major problem among poultry industry in Indonesia, IB outbreaks continue to happen even in vaccinated flocks. The emergence of new IB virus (IBV) variants might lead to mismatching between vaccine virus strain and circulating virus strain, this may be a reason of vaccination failure. Information about circulating IBV in a region is important to decide which IB vaccine should be used. However, information about recent IBV strains which circulated in Indonesia and their genetic characters were limited; therefore, the aim of our research was to determine the genetic characterization of S1 gene of IBV isolated from commercial poultry flocks in West Java, Indonesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 47 viral isolate samples collected from chickens with clinical sign and reduced in egg production. Six IB live vaccines were used as control, the reference vaccines represent IBV strains including H120, H52, 4/91, CR88, 233A, and 1-96. Primers XCe2+ and XCe2- were used to amplify S1 gene partially. RESULTS Twenty-six of 47 samples showed positive result to S1 gene of IBV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Three IBV isolates, Indonesia/K233A31/18, Indonesia/K4A9/17, and Indonesia/P3/17, were selected for nucleotide sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of 352 nucleotides of the partial S1 gene shows that isolates Indonesia/K4A9/17 and Indonesia/K233A31/18 have 100% homology with IBV vaccine strain 4/91, while isolate Indonesia/P3/17 has 100% homology with IBV vaccine strain 233A. CONCLUSION Our result indicates that at least two IBV strains were circulating among poultry in West Java, Indonesia, which is IBV close to vaccine strain 4/91 and 233A. The present study provides updates on the circulating IBV in commercial poultry flocks in West Java, Indonesia, and might use as guidance on selecting a proper IB vaccine strain to improve IB vaccination efficacy in certain region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahajeng Setiawaty
- National Veterinary Drug Assay Laboratory, Jl Raya Pembangunan, Gunung Sindur, Bogor 16340, Indonesia
- Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Retno Damajanti Soejoedono
- Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Okti Nadia Poetri
- Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Innate antiviral immune response against infectious bronchitis virus and involvement of prostaglandin E2 in the uterine mucosa of laying hens. Theriogenology 2018; 110:122-129. [PMID: 29407895 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an enveloped RNA virus that causes deformities in eggshells. The aim of this study was to investigate the innate immune response to IBV, and to determine whether prostaglandin (PG) E2, which is synthesized during inflammation, is involved in the innate immune response in the uterine mucosa. The effects of intra-oviductal inoculation with attenuated IBV (aIBV) on the expression of viral RNA recognition receptors and innate antiviral factors were examined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, and on PGE2 levels by ELISA. Then, the effects of PGE2 on the expression of innate antiviral factors in cultured uterine mucosal cells were examined. The results showed that the expression of RNA virus pattern recognition receptors (TLR3, 7, and MDA5), antimicrobial peptides (avian β-defensins, including AvBD1, 2, 4-6 and cathelicidins, including CATH1 and 3), and interferons (IFNα, β, γ, λ) were upregulated, and the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (PG synthase) and the level of PGE2 were increased in the uterine mucosa following aIBV inoculation. The number of AvBD2-positive cells in the mucosa also increased in response to aIBV. In cultured mucosal cells (mainly epithelial), the expression of AvBD4, 10-13 and IFNα, β, and λ was upregulated following incubation with 500 nM PGE2. These results suggest that the expression of viral RNA-recognition receptors, AvBDs, CATHs, and IFNs and PGE2 are induced by the IBV antigen, and that the expression of a different set of AvBDs is also induced by PGE2 in the cultured uterine mucosal cells. These antiviral factors may play a role in the protection of the uterine mucosa from IBV infection.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yilmaz H, Altan E, Cizmecigil UY, Gurel A, Ozturk GY, Bamac OE, Aydin O, Britton P, Monne I, Cetinkaya B, Morgan KL, Faburay B, Richt JA, Turan N. Phylogeny and S1 Gene Variation of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Detected in Broilers and Layers in Turkey. Avian Dis 2017; 60:596-602. [PMID: 27610718 DOI: 10.1637/11346-120915-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (AvCoV-IBV) is recognized as an important global pathogen because new variants are a continuous threat to the poultry industry worldwide. This study investigates the genetic origin and diversity of AvCoV-IBV by analysis of the S1 sequence derived from 49 broiler flocks and 14 layer flocks in different regions of Turkey. AvCoV-IBV RNA was detected in 41 (83.6%) broiler flocks and nine (64.2%) of the layer flocks by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR. In addition, AvCoV-IBV RNA was detected in the tracheas 27/30 (90%), lungs 31/49 (62.2%), caecal tonsils 7/22 (31.8%), and kidneys 4/49 (8.1%) of broiler flocks examined. Pathologic lesions, hemorrhages, and mononuclear infiltrations were predominantly observed in tracheas and to a lesser extent in the lungs and a few in kidneys. A phylogenetic tree based on partial S1 sequences of the detected AvCoV-IBVs (including isolates) revealed that 1) viruses detected in five broiler flocks were similar to the IBV vaccines Ma5, H120, M41; 2) viruses detected in 24 broiler flocks were similar to those previously reported from Turkey and to Israel variant-2 strains; 3) viruses detected in seven layer flocks were different from those found in any of the broiler flocks but similar to viruses previously reported from Iran, India, and China (similar to Israel variant-1 and 4/91 serotypes); and 4) that the AVCoV-IBV, Israeli variant-2 strain, found to be circulating in Turkey appears to be undergoing molecular evolution. In conclusion, genetically different AvCoV-IBV strains, including vaccine-like strains, based on their partial S1 sequence, are circulating in broiler and layer chicken flocks in Turkey and the Israeli variant-2 strain is undergoing evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Yilmaz
- A University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Altan
- A University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utku Y Cizmecigil
- A University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aydin Gurel
- B University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Pathology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulay Yuzbasioglu Ozturk
- B University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Pathology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Erdogan Bamac
- B University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Pathology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Aydin
- A University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Paul Britton
- C Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire, RG20 7NN, UK
| | - Isabella Monne
- D Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, OIE/FAO and Istituto Zooprofilattico, Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, 35020, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Burhan Cetinkaya
- E University of Firat, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Kenton L Morgan
- F Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Bonto Faburay
- G Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Juergen A Richt
- G Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Nuri Turan
- A University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Seger W, Ghalyanchi Langeroudi A, Karimi V, Madadgar O, Vasfi Marandi M, Hashemzadeh M. Prevalence of avian infectious bronchitis virus in broiler chicken farms in south of Iraq, 2014 - 2015. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2016; 7:317-321. [PMID: 28144423 PMCID: PMC5251354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB), caused by a gammacoronavirus, is an OIE-listed (List B) disease and characterized by respiratory and renal involvements, causing high mortality, and economic loss in both layers and broilers. In comparison with other diagnostic methods, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and conventional RT-PCR are potent, more sensitive and faster techniques for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) detection. This research was conducted to detect IBV using specific primers of IB in three governorates (Basra, Thi-Qar and Muthana) in the south of Iraq. Tracheal specimens were collected from 46 IB suspected commercial broiler flocks. XCE2+ and XCE2- Primers, which amplify all IBV serotypes, were used. Primers MCE1+, BCE1+ and DCE1+ were used to amplify the specific nucleotide sequences of Massachusetts, 793/B and D274 genotypes, respectively. The results of real-time RT-PCR of this study showed that 34 (74.00%) out of 46 infected flocks were positive to IBV. The results of nested PCR showed that 50.00% and 5.89% of positive samples were belonged to genotypes 793/B and Massachusetts, respectively, and the remaining positive (44.11%) were unknown. The results indicate presence of Massachusetts and 793/B IBV strains in commercial broilers in southern Iraq.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Seger
- Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basra, Basra, Iraq
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Karimi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Madadgar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Vasfi Marandi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Hashemzadeh
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
It is essential to understand the latest situation regarding avian coronaviruses (ACoVs), commonly referred to as the well-known avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), given that new and diverse types of IBV are continually being identified worldwide, particularly ones that are isolated from commercial poultry and associated with a wide range of disease conditions. The existing IBVs continue to evolve in various geographic areas in Asia, which results in the recombination and co-circulation between IBV types. This makes it increasingly difficult to prevent and control IBV infections, despite routine vaccination. Some ACoVs have also been identified in other avian species and they may pose a threat of cross-transmission to commercial sectors. The present review provides an overview of IBV circulation and the dynamic emergence of new variants found throughout Asia via the recombination of IBV strains. In addition to commercial poultry, backyard poultry and free-ranging birds may serve as a ‘hub’ for ACoV transmission within a particular area. These birds may be capable of spreading viruses, either to areas of close proximity, or to remote places via migration and trade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naruepol Promkuntod
- a Department of Livestock Development, National Institute of Animal Health, Veterinary Research and Development Center (Southern Region) , Thungsong , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nozdrenko DM, Bogutska KI, Prylutskyy YI, Korolovych VF, Evstigneev MP, Ritter U, Scharff P. Impact of C 60 fullerene on the dynamics of force-speed changes in soleus muscle of rat at ischemia-reperfusion injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 61:48-59. [PMID: 26387160 DOI: 10.15407/fz61.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of C60 fullerene nanoparticles (30-90 nm) on dynamics of force response development to stimulated soleus muscle of rat with ischemic pathology, existing in muscle during the first 5 hours and first 5 days after 2 hours of ischemia and further reperfusion, was investigated using the tensometric method. It was found that intravenous and intramuscular administration of C60 fullerene with a single dose of 1 mg/kg exert different therapeutic effects dependent on the investigated macroparameters of muscle contraction. The intravenous drug administration was shown to be the most optimal for correction of the velocity macroparameters of contraction due to muscle tissue ischemic damage. In contrast, the intramuscular administration displays protective action with respect to motions associated with generation of maximal force response or continuous contractions elevating the level of muscle fatigue. Hence, C60 fullerene, being a strong antioxidant, may be considered as a promising agent for effective therapy of pathological states of the muscle system caused by pathological action of free radical processes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Patel BH, Bhimani MP, Bhanderi BB, Jhala MK. Isolation and molecular characterization of nephropathic infectious bronchitis virus isolates of Gujarat state, India. Virusdisease 2015; 26:42-7. [PMID: 26436120 PMCID: PMC4585062 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-015-0248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a common, highly contagious, acute, and economically important viral disease of chickens caused by Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV, sp. Avian coronavirus). Five pooled tissue suspensions of 50 layer birds and one reference Massachusetts vaccine strain were inoculated into specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken egg for isolation of IBV. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out using post inoculated allontoic fluid to amplify the spike (S) glycoprotein of S1 subunit of IBV. All the eggs inoculated with five pooled tissue samples and vaccine sample showed dwarfing and curling of SPF embryos indicative of IBV. All the five samples and the vaccine sample produced the expected amplicons of 466 bp by RT-PCR. The sequencing of five isolates revealed that all the five sequences were 99.09-100 % similar among themselves and showed 99.10-100 % nucleotide identity with the vaccine strain. On multiple sequence alignment it was found that our isolates were more similar at S1 subunit nucleotide level with the reference Ma5 and H120 vaccine strains than the reference Mass41 strain. The sequences of Anand isolates revealed further genetic changes in the circulating IBV in comparison to previous isolate of Gujarat as well as higher differences with the strains isolated in other states showing substantial changes at genetic level in Indian IBV isolates, which may partially explain the increasing incidences of IB in the country in spite of the vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. H. Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388001 Gujarat India
| | - M. P. Bhimani
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388001 Gujarat India
| | - B. B. Bhanderi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388001 Gujarat India
| | - M. K. Jhala
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388001 Gujarat India
| |
Collapse
|