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Xiao S, Yang Y, Liu YT, Zhu J. Liraglutide Regulates the Kidney and Liver in Diabetic Nephropathy Rats through the miR-34a/SIRT1 Pathway. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:8873956. [PMID: 33880382 PMCID: PMC8046563 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8873956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the regulatory effects of liraglutide on the kidney and liver through the miR-34a/SIRT1 pathway with related factors in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats. METHODS DN rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10) and were injected with liraglutide or normal saline twice a day. The 24-hour urine microalbumin content and biochemical index levels were measured. qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of miR-34a in the kidney and liver tissues. The levels of SIRT1, HIF-1a, Egr-1, and TGF-β1 in kidney and liver tissues were determined using qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Electron microscopy and HE staining were used to observe the ultrastructure and pathological changes. RESULTS Liraglutide treatment in DN rats decreased blood glucose, 24-hour urine microalbumin, TC, TG, LDL-C, UA, Cr, UREA, ALT, and AST levels and increased the level of HDL-C (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the miR-34a levels were significantly decreased in kidney and liver tissues followed by liraglutide treatment (P < 0.05). The levels of SIRT1 in the liraglutide group are significantly higher than those in the control group with the kidney and liver tissues (P < 0.05). Conversely, the contents of HIF-1a, Egr-1, and TGF-β1 were significantly lower in the liraglutide group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Electron microscopy showed that the kidney of the liraglutide-treated group exhibited minor broadening of the mesangial areas, fewer deposits, and a well-organized foot process. HE staining revealed that the kidney of the liraglutide-treated rats had a more regular morphology of the glomerulus and Bowman sac cavity and lighter tubular edema. Additionally, the liraglutide-treated DN rats had a clear hepatic structure, a lower degree of steatosis, and mild inflammatory cell infiltration. CONCLUSION Liraglutide, through its effect on the miR-34a/SIRT1 pathway, may have a protective role in the kidney and liver of DN rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of No. 1 Cadres, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yue-Tong Liu
- Department of Ultrasonic ECG, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Li S, Liu Y, He Y, Rong W, Zhang M, Li L, Liu Z, Zen K. Podocytes present antigen to activate specific T cell immune responses in inflammatory renal disease. J Pathol 2020; 252:165-177. [PMID: 32686090 DOI: 10.1002/path.5508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infiltration of activated T cells into renal tissue plays an essential role in inflammatory nephropathy. However, the mechanism enabling the renal recruitment and activation of T cells remains elusive. Here we report that inflammatory cytokine-promoted antigen presentation by podocytes is a key for recruiting and activating specific T cells. Our results showed that diabetes-associated inflammatory cytokines IFNγ and IL-17 all upregulated expression of MHC-I, MHC-II, CD80 and CD86 on the podocyte surface. Both IFNγ and IL-17 stimulated the uptake and processing of ovalbumin (OVA) by mouse podocytes, resulting in presentation of OVA antigen peptide on the cell surface. OVA antigen presentation by podocytes was also validated using human podocytes. Furthermore, OVA antigen-presenting mouse podocytes were able to activate OT-I mouse T cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine secretion, which in turn caused podocyte injury and apoptosis. Finally, OT-I mice subjected to direct renal injection of OVA plus IFNγ/IL-17 but not OVA alone exhibited OVA antigen presentation by podocytes and developed nephropathy in 4 weeks. In conclusion, antigen presentation by podocytes under inflammatory conditions plays an important role in activating T cell immune responses and facilitating immune-mediated glomerular disease development. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yueqin He
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Weiwei Rong
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Limin Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ke Zen
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
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Miki A, Ricordi C, Sakuma Y, Yamamoto T, Misawa R, Mita A, Molano RD, Vaziri ND, Pileggi A, Ichii H. Divergent antioxidant capacity of human islet cell subsets: A potential cause of beta-cell vulnerability in diabetes and islet transplantation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196570. [PMID: 29723228 PMCID: PMC5933778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) are caused by beta(β)-cell loss and functional impairment. Identification of mechanisms of β-cell death and therapeutic interventions to enhance β-cell survival are essential for prevention and treatment of diabetes. Oxidative stress is a common feature of both T1DM and T2DM; elevated biomarkers of oxidative stress are detected in blood, urine and tissues including pancreas of patients with DM. Islet transplantation is a promising treatment for diabetes. However, exposure to stress (chemical and mechanical) and ischemia-reperfusion during isolation and transplantation causes islet loss by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Human intracellular antioxidant enzymes and related molecules are essential defenses against ROS. Antioxidant enzyme levels including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) have been shown to be low in islet cells. However, little is known about the expression and function of antioxidant enzymes within islet cell subsets. We evaluated the expression of the key antioxidant enzymes in β- and alpha(α)-cell and accessed effects of oxidative stress, islet isolation and transplantation on β/α-cell ratio and viability in human islets. Methods Human pancreata from T1DM, T2DM and non-diabetic deceased donors were obtained and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Isolated islets were (I) transplanted in the renal sub-capsular space of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nude mice (in vivo bioassay), or (II) exposed to oxidative (H2O2) and nitrosative (NO donor) stress for 24 hrs in vitro. The ratio, % viability and death of β- and α-cells, and DNA damage (8OHdG) were measured. Results and conclusions Catalase and GPX expression was much lower in β- than α-cells. The β/α-cell ratio fells significantly following islet isolation and transplantation. Exposure to oxidative stress caused a significantly lower survival and viability, with higher DNA damage in β- than α-cells. These findings identified the weakness of β-cell antioxidant capacity as a main cause of vulnerability to oxidative stress. Potential strategies to enhance β-cell antioxidant capacity might be effective in prevention/treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Miki
- Cell Transplant Center, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Cell Transplant Center, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yasunaru Sakuma
- Cell Transplant Center, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Cell Transplant Center, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ryosuke Misawa
- Cell Transplant Center, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Atsuyoshi Mita
- Cell Transplant Center, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ruth D Molano
- Cell Transplant Center, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Antonello Pileggi
- Cell Transplant Center, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hirohito Ichii
- Cell Transplant Center, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America.,Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, United States of America
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Chen QY, Wang GG, Li W, Jiang YX, Lu XH, Zhou PP. Heme Oxygenase-1 Promotes Delayed Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:9726503. [PMID: 26798657 PMCID: PMC4699015 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9726503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic ulcers are one of the most serious and costly chronic complications for diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress may play an important role in diabetes and its complications. The aim of the study was to explore the effect of heme oxygenase-1 on wound closure in diabetic rats. Diabetic wound model was prepared by making an incision with full thickness in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Wounds from diabetic rats were treated with 10% hemin ointment for 21 days. Increase of HO-1 protein expression enhanced anti-inflammation and antioxidant in diabetic rats. Furthermore, HO-1 increased the levels of VEGF and ICAM-1 and expressions of CBS and CSE protein. In summary, HO-1 promoted the wound closure by augmenting anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and angiogenesis in diabetic rats.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/administration & dosage
- Angiogenic Proteins/metabolism
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
- Antioxidants/administration & dosage
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Enzyme Induction
- Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/biosynthesis
- Hemin/administration & dosage
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Ointments
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Skin/blood supply
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/enzymology
- Skin/injuries
- Skin/pathology
- Time Factors
- Wound Healing/drug effects
- Wounds, Penetrating/complications
- Wounds, Penetrating/drug therapy
- Wounds, Penetrating/enzymology
- Wounds, Penetrating/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ying Chen
- Medical Department, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250031, China
- *Qing-Ying Chen: and
| | - Guo-Guang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- *Guo-Guang Wang:
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yu-Xin Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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Salvadori M, Rosso G, Bertoni E. Update on ischemia-reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation: Pathogenesis and treatment. World J Transplant 2015; 5:52-67. [PMID: 26131407 PMCID: PMC4478600 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v5.i2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury is an unavoidable relevant consequence after kidney transplantation and influences short term as well as long-term graft outcome. Clinically ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with delayed graft function, graft rejection, chronic rejection and chronic graft dysfunction. Ischemia/reperfusion affects many regulatory systems at the cellular level as well as in the renal tissue that result in a distinct inflammatory reaction of the kidney graft. Underlying factors of ischemia reperfusion include energy metabolism, cellular changes of the mitochondria and cellular membranes, initiation of different forms of cell death-like apoptosis and necrosis together with a recently discovered mixed form termed necroptosis. Chemokines and cytokines together with other factors promote the inflammatory response leading to activation of the innate immune system as well as the adaptive immune system. If the inflammatory reaction continues within the graft tissue, a progressive interstitial fibrosis develops that impacts long-term graft outcome. It is of particular importance in kidney transplantation to understand the underlying mechanisms and effects of ischemia/reperfusion on the graft as this knowledge also opens strategies to prevent or treat ischemia/reperfusion injury after transplantation in order to improve graft outcome.
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