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Morishima T, Yamaguchi K, Goto K. Impact of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in combined hypoxic and hot conditions on endothelial function. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38922727 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
There is no study that has investigated the impact of exercise in a combined hypoxic and hot environment on endothelial function. Therefore, we tested whether aerobic exercise in a combined hypoxic and hot conditions induces further enhancement of endothelial function. Twelve healthy males cycled at a constant workload (50% of their maximal oxygen uptake under normoxic/thermoneutral conditions) for 30 min in four different environments: exercise under normoxic condition (NOR: fraction of inspiratory oxygen or FiO2 = 20.9%, 20°C), exercise under hypoxic condition (HYP: FiO2 = 14.5%, 20°C), exercise under hot condition (HOT: FiO2 = 20.9%, 30°C), and exercise under combined hypoxia and hot conditions (HH: FiO2 = 14.5%, 30°C). Before, during, and after exercise, cardiovascular variables (e.g., heart rate, blood flow, and shear rate), blood variables, and endothelial function evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were assessed. Heart rates were significantly higher throughout the HH trial's experimental period than the other trials (p < 0.05). However, in the HH trial, brachial artery blood flow and shear rate did not differ from those in other trials after exercise. Plasma catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) elevations in response to exercise were significantly higher in the HH trial than in the other three trials (p < 0.05). No considerable differences were observed in FMD responses among trials before and after the exercise. In conclusion, aerobic exercise in a combined hot and hypoxic environment further activated sympathetic nervous activity but did not considerably enhance blood flow, shear rate, or endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Morishima
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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2
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Camacho-Cardenosa A, Camacho-Cardenosa M, Tomas-Carus P, Timón R, Olcina G, Burtscher M. Acute physiological response to a normobaric hypoxic exposure: sex differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:1495-1504. [PMID: 35585281 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although preliminary studies suggested sex-related differences in physiological responses to altitude/hypoxia, controlled studies from standardised exposures to normobaric hypoxia are largely lacking. Hence, the goals of this study were to provide information on cardiorespiratory responses to a 7-h normobaric hypoxia exposure and to explore potential differences between men and women. In this crossover study, a total of 15 men and 14 women were subjected to a 7-h exposure in normoxia (FiO2: 21%) and normobaric hypoxia (FiO2: 15%). Values of peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and respiratory gases were recorded every hour (8 time points), and oxygen saturation every 30 min (15 time points). Compared to normoxia, exposure to hypoxia significantly increased minute ventilation from baseline to hour 7 in males (+ 71%) and females (+ 40%), significantly greater in men (p < 0.05). A steeper decrease in peripheral oxygen saturation until 2.5 h in hypoxia was seen in females compared to males (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the ventilatory response to hypoxia was more pronounced in men compared to women. Moreover, during the first hours in hypoxia, peripheral oxygen saturation dropped more markedly in women than in men, likely due an initially lower and/or less efficient ventilatory response to moderate hypoxia. Those findings should be considered when performing interventions for therapy or prevention in normobaric hypoxia. Nevertheless, further large-scaled and well-controlled studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Camacho-Cardenosa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal, Edificio IMIBIC, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Pablo Tomas-Carus
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Rafael Timón
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Guillermo Olcina
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Czuba M, Płoszczyca K, Kaczmarczyk K, Langfort J, Gajda R. Chronic Exposure to Normobaric Hypoxia Increases Testosterone Levels and Testosterone/Cortisol Ratio in Cyclists. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095246. [PMID: 35564640 PMCID: PMC9102561 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the “live high, train low” method (LH−TL) and intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) on testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) levels in cyclists. Thirty cyclists participated in the experiment. The LH−TL group (n = 10) was exposed to normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 16.3%) for 11−12 h a day and trained in normoxia for 3 weeks. In the IHT group (n = 10), participants followed the IHT routine three times a week for 3 weeks in normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 16.3%). The control group (N; n = 10) followed the same training protocol in normoxia. The LH−TL training was found to significantly increase (p < 0.05) T levels and the testosterone/cortisol (T/C) ratio during the experiment. The area under the curve (AUC) calculated for T levels over 4 weeks was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the LH−TL group, by 25.6%, compared to the N group. The results also indicated a significant correlation (r = 0.53; p < 0.05) between AUC for T levels over 4 weeks and ∆ values of hemoglobin (HGB) in the LH−TL group. Overall, the findings show that LH−TL training at a moderate simulated altitude contributes to an increase in T levels and T/C ratio in athletes, which is a beneficial change stimulating anabolic processes and erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Czuba
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (K.K.)
- Department of Sports Theory, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Kamila Płoszczyca
- Department of Kinesiology, Institute of Sport, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarczyk
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Józef Langfort
- Department of Sports Theory, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Robert Gajda
- Center for Sports Cardiology, Gajda-Med Medical Center in Pultusk, 06-100 Pultusk, Poland;
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Prevention, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
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Chan JS, Chiew AE, Rimke AN, Chan G, Rampuri ZH, Kozak MD, Boulé NG, Steinback CD, Davenport MH, Day TA. Blood glucose concentration is unchanged during exposure to acute normobaric hypoxia in healthy humans. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14932. [PMID: 34337893 PMCID: PMC8327160 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal blood [glucose] regulation is critical to support metabolism, particularly in contexts of metabolic stressors (e.g., exercise, high altitude hypoxia). Data regarding blood [glucose] regulation in hypoxia are inconclusive. We aimed to characterize blood [glucose] over 80 min following glucose ingestion during both normoxia and acute normobaric hypoxia. In a randomized cross-over design, on two separate days, 28 healthy participants (16 females; 21.8 ± 1.6 years; BMI 22.8 ± 2.5 kg/m2 ) were randomly exposed to either NX (room air; fraction of inspired [FI ]O2 ~0.21) or HX (FI O2 ~0.148) in a normobaric hypoxia chamber. Measured FI O2 and peripheral oxygen saturation were both lower at baseline in hypoxia (p < 0.001), which was maintained over 80 min, confirming the hypoxic intervention. Following a 10-min baseline (BL) under both conditions, participants consumed a standardized glucose beverage (75 g, 296 ml) and blood [glucose] and physiological variables were measured at BL intermittently over 80 min. Blood [glucose] was measured from finger capillary samples via glucometer. Initial fasted blood [glucose] was not different between trials (NX:4.8 ± 0.4 vs. HX:4.9 ± 0.4 mmol/L; p = 0.47). Blood [glucose] was sampled every 10 min (absolute, delta, and percent change) following glucose ingestion over 80 min, and was not different between conditions (p > 0.77). In addition, mean, peak, and time-to-peak responses during the 80 min were not different between conditions (p > 0.14). There were also no sex differences in these blood [glucose] responses in hypoxia. We conclude that glucose regulation is unchanged in young, healthy participants with exposure to acute steady-state normobaric hypoxia, likely due to counterbalancing mechanisms underlying blood [glucose] regulation in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Chan
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyMount Royal UniversityCalgaryABCanada
| | - Alexandra E. Chiew
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyMount Royal UniversityCalgaryABCanada
| | - Alexander N. Rimke
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyMount Royal UniversityCalgaryABCanada
| | - Garrick Chan
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyMount Royal UniversityCalgaryABCanada
| | - Zahrah H. Rampuri
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyMount Royal UniversityCalgaryABCanada
| | - Mackenzie D. Kozak
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyMount Royal UniversityCalgaryABCanada
| | - Normand G. Boulé
- Alberta Diabetes InstituteFaculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and RecreationUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Craig D. Steinback
- Alberta Diabetes InstituteFaculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and RecreationUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Margie H. Davenport
- Alberta Diabetes InstituteFaculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and RecreationUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Trevor A. Day
- Department of BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyMount Royal UniversityCalgaryABCanada
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Camacho-Cardenosa M, Gonzalez-Custodio A, Tomas-Carus P, Timon R, Olcina G, Camacho-Cardenosa A. Normobaric Hypoxia Exposure on Substrate Oxidation Pattern: Sex Differences. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2021; 17:14-21. [PMID: 34539905 PMCID: PMC8417499 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2021.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypoxic exposure has been associated with a metabolic perturbation that might affect basal energy expenditure (BEE). OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine the metabolic response during hypoxic exposure of men and women adults. DESIGN Crossover design with two experimental trials: normoxic and hypoxic exposure. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-nine healthy subjects (14 women) participated in (1) control study (NOR), subjected first to normoxic exposure (FiO2 = 20.9%) and (2) after that, to passive normobaric hypoxic exposure study (HYP) (FiO2 = 15%). Respiratory gases and blood glucose samples were recorded every hour in hypoxia chamber (8 points in total), and blood lactate samples were collected at baseline, at 4 and 7 h to exposure. RESULTS In females, basal energy expenditure was significantly higher at 2h, 4h, 6h and 7h compared with NOR group. Also, BEE was lower in females compared with men from 2h of hypoxia exposure. In the HYP group the blood lactate concentration increased significantly at 4h and 7 h relative to NOR group (P < 0.05) in males. CONCLUSION An exposure to moderate normobaric hypoxia did not alter metabolic response, but induced a different response on substrate oxidation in adults men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P. Tomas-Carus
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, Évora
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Kasai N, Mizuno S, Ishimoto S, Sakamoto E, Maruta M, Kurihara T, Kurosawa Y, Goto K. Impact of Six Consecutive Days of Sprint Training in Hypoxia on Performance in Competitive Sprint Runners. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:36-43. [PMID: 28445224 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Kasai, N, Mizuno, S, Ishimoto, S, Sakamoto, E, Maruta, M, Kurihara, T, Kurosawa, Y, and Goto, K. Impact of six consecutive days of sprint training in hypoxia on performance in competitive sprint runners. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 36-43, 2019-The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 6 successive days of repeated sprint (RS) training in moderate hypoxia on anaerobic capacity in 100-200-m sprint runners. Eighteen male sprint runners (age, 20.0 ± 0.3 years; height, 175.9 ± 1.1 cm; and body mass, 65.0 ± 1.2 kg) performed repeated cycling sprints for 6 consecutive days in either normoxic (NOR; fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2], 20.9%; n = 9) or hypoxic conditions (HYPO; FiO2, 14.5%; n = 9). The RS ability (10 × 6-second sprints), 30-second maximal sprint ability, maximal oxygen uptake ((Equation is included in full-text article.)max), and 60-m running time on the track were measured before and after the training period. Intramuscular phosphocreatine (PCr) content (quadriceps femoris muscle) was measured by P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P-MRS) before and after the training period. Both groups showed similar improvements in RS ability after the training period (p < 0.05). Power output during the 30-second maximal sprint test and (Equation is included in full-text article.)max did not change significantly after the training period in either group. Running time for 0-10 m improved significantly after the training period in the HYPO only (before, 1.39 ± 0.01 seconds; after, 1.34 ± 0.02 seconds, p < 0.05). The HYPO also showed a significant increase in intramuscular PCr content after the training period (before, 31.5 ± 1.3 mM; after, 38.2 ± 2.8 mM, p < 0.05). These results suggest that sprint training for 6 consecutive days in hypoxia or normoxia improved RS ability in competitive sprint runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobukazu Kasai
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Sahiro Mizuno
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Sayuri Ishimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Etsuko Sakamoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Misato Maruta
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kurihara
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuko Kurosawa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.,Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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Serebrovska TV, Portnychenko AG, Drevytska TI, Portnichenko VI, Xi L, Egorov E, Gavalko AV, Naskalova S, Chizhova V, Shatylo VB. Intermittent hypoxia training in prediabetes patients: Beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, hypoxia tolerance and gene expression. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1542-1552. [PMID: 28758418 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217723578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at examining beneficial effects of intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) under prediabetic conditions. We investigate the effects of three-week IHT on blood glucose level, tolerance to acute hypoxia, and leukocyte mRNA expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and its target genes, i.e. insulin receptor, facilitated glucose transporter-solute carrier family-2, and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J. Seven healthy and 11 prediabetic men and women (44-70 years of age) were examined before, next day and one month after three-week IHT (3 sessions per week, each session consisting 4 cycles of 5-min 12% O2 and 5-min room air breathing). We found that IHT afforded beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in patients with prediabetes reducing fasting glucose and during standard oral glucose tolerance test. The most pronounced positive effects were observed at one month after IHT termination. IHT also significantly increased the tolerance to acute hypoxia (i.e. SaO2 level at 20th min of breathing with 12% O2) and improved functional parameters of respiratory and cardiovascular systems. IHT stimulated HIF-1α mRNA expression in blood leukocytes in healthy and prediabetic subjects, but in prediabetes patients the maximum increase was lagged. The greatest changes in mRNA expression of HIF-1α target genes occurred a month after IHT and coincided with the largest decrease in blood glucose levels. The higher expression of HIF-1α was positively associated with higher tolerance to hypoxia and better glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, our results suggest that IHT may be useful for preventing the development of type 2 diabetes. Impact statement The present study investigated the beneficial effects of intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) in humans under prediabetic conditions. We found that three-week moderate IHT induced higher HIF-1α mRNA expressions as well as its target genes, which were positively correlated with higher tolerance to acute hypoxia and better glucose homeostasis in both middle-aged healthy and prediabetic subjects. This small clinical trial has provided new data suggesting a potential utility of IHT for management of prediabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alla G Portnychenko
- 1 Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev 01024, Ukraine.,2 ICAMER, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 03680, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana I Drevytska
- 1 Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev 01024, Ukraine.,2 ICAMER, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 03680, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir I Portnichenko
- 1 Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev 01024, Ukraine.,2 ICAMER, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 03680, Ukraine
| | - Lei Xi
- 3 Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,4 School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Egor Egorov
- 5 CELLGYM Technologies GmbH, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Anna V Gavalko
- 6 D.F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology, Kiev 04114, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Valeriy B Shatylo
- 6 D.F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology, Kiev 04114, Ukraine
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Heinonen IHA, Boushel R, Kalliokoski KK. The Circulatory and Metabolic Responses to Hypoxia in Humans - With Special Reference to Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:116. [PMID: 27621722 PMCID: PMC5002918 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue metabolism and circulation play an important role in human health. It is well-known that adipose tissue mass is increased in response to excess caloric intake leading to obesity and further to local hypoxia and inflammatory signaling. Acute exercise increases blood supply to adipose tissue and mobilization of fat stores for energy. However, acute exercise during systemic hypoxia reduces subcutaneous blood flow in healthy young subjects, but the response in overweight or obese subjects remains to be investigated. Emerging evidence also indicates that exercise training during hypoxic exposure may provide additive benefits with respect to many traditional cardiovascular risk factors as compared to exercise performed in normoxia, but unfavorable effects of hypoxia have also been documented. These topics will be covered in this brief review dealing with hypoxia and adipose tissue physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka H. A. Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ilkka H. A. Heinonen,
| | - Robert Boushel
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Morishima T, Goto K. Ghrelin, GLP-1, and leptin responses during exposure to moderate hypoxia. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 41:375-81. [PMID: 26863323 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe hypoxia has been indicated to cause acute changes in appetite-related hormones, which attenuate perceived appetite. However, the effects of moderate hypoxia on appetite-related hormonal regulation and perceived appetite have not been elucidated. Therefore, we examined the effects of moderate hypoxia on appetite-related hormonal regulation and perceived appetite. Eight healthy males (21.0 ± 0.6 years; 173 ± 2.3 cm; 70.6 ± 5.0 kg; 23.4 ± 1.1 kg/m(2)) completed two experimental trials on separate days: a rest trial in normoxia (FiO2 = 20.9%) and a rest trial in hypoxia (FiO2 = 15.0%). The experimental trials were performed over 7 h in an environmental chamber. Blood samples and scores of subjective appetite were collected over 7 h. Standard meals were provided 1 h (745 kcal) and 4 h (731 kcal) after initiating exposure to hypoxia or normoxia within the chamber. Although each meal significantly reduced plasma active ghrelin concentrations (P < 0.05), the response did not differ significantly between the trials over 7 h. No significant differences in the area under the curves for plasma active ghrelin concentrations over 7 h were observed between the two trials. No significant differences were observed in glucagon-like peptide 1 or leptin concentrations over 7 h between the trials. The subjective feeling of hunger and fullness acutely changed in response to meal ingestions. However, these responses were not affected by exposure to moderate hypoxia. In conclusion, 7 h of exposure to moderate hypoxia did not change appetite-related hormonal responses or perceived appetite in healthy males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Morishima
- a Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.,b Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Kazushige Goto
- a Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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Kasai N, Mizuno S, Ishimoto S, Sakamoto E, Maruta M, Goto K. Effect of training in hypoxia on repeated sprint performance in female athletes. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:310. [PMID: 26155449 PMCID: PMC4488237 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background This study determined the effect of repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) in female athletes. Methods Thirty-two college female athletes performed repeated cycling sprints of two sets of 10 × 7-s sprints with a 30-s rest between sprints twice per week for 4 weeks under either normoxic conditions (RSN group; FiO2, 20.9%; n = 16) or hypoxic conditions (RSH group; FiO2, 14.5%; n = 16). The repeated sprint ability (10 × 7-s sprints) and maximal oxygen uptake (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \dot{\text{V}}{\text{O}}_{2\hbox{max} } $$\end{document}V˙O2max) were determined before and after the training period. Results After training, when compared to pre-values, the mean power output was higher in all sprints during the repeated sprint test in the RSH group but only for the second half of the sprints in the RSN group (P ≤ 0.05). The percentage increases in peak and mean power output between before and after the training period were significantly greater in the RSH group than in the RSN group (peak power output, 5.0 ± 0.7% vs. 1.5 ± 0.9%, respectively; mean power output, 9.7 ± 0.9% vs. 6.0 ± 0.8%, respectively; P < 0.05). \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \dot{\text{V}}{\text{O}}_{2\hbox{max} } $$\end{document}V˙O2max did not change significantly after the training period in either group. Conclusion Four weeks of RSH further enhanced the peak and mean power output during repeated sprint test compared with RSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobukazu Kasai
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga Japan
| | - Sahiro Mizuno
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga Japan
| | - Sayuri Ishimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Etsuko Sakamoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Misato Maruta
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga Japan ; Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 Japan
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Goto K, Morishima T, Kurobe K, Huang Z, Ogita F. Augmented Carbohydrate Oxidation under Moderate Hypobaric Hypoxia Equivalent to Simulated Altitude of 2500 m. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2015; 236:163-8. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.236.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazushige Goto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University
| | | | - Kazumichi Kurobe
- Faculty of Business, Sports Management Course, Hannan University
| | - Zhong Huang
- Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences
| | - Futoshi Ogita
- Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya
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