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Chen PK, Hsu WF, Peng CY, Liao TL, Chang SH, Chen HH, Chen CH, Chen DY. Significant association of elevated serum galectin-9 levels with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1347268. [PMID: 38371515 PMCID: PMC10869587 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1347268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, but its pathogenesis has rarely been explored. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) interacts with T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing-molecule-3 (TIM-3) expressed on hepatocytes and thus regulates T cell proliferation in a murine model of NAFLD. We aimed to examine the pathogenic role of the Gal-9/TIM-3 pathway in RA-NAFLD. Methods Serum levels of Gal-9, soluble TIM-3 (sTIM-3), fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP)1, and FABP4 were determined by ELISA in forty-five RA patients and eleven healthy participants. Using Oil-red O staining and immunoblotting, we examined the effects of Gal-9 and free fatty acid (FFA) on lipid accumulation in human hepatocytes and FABP1 expression. Results Serum Gal-9, sTIM-3 and FABP1 level were significantly higher in RA patients (median 5.02 ng/mL, 3.42 ng/mL, and 5.76 ng/mL, respectively) than in healthy participants (1.86 ng/mL, 0.99 ng/mL, and 0.129 ng/mL, all p < 0.001). They were also significantly higher in patients with moderate-to-severe NAFLD compared with none-to-mild NAFLD (p < 0.01; p < 0.05; and p < 0.01, respectively). Serum Gal-9 levels were positively correlated with sTIM-3, FABP1, FABP4 levels, and ultrasound-fatty liver score, respectively, in RA patients. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that Gal-9 (cut-off>3.30) was a significant predictor of NAFLD development, and Gal-9 and sTIM-3 were predictors of NAFLD severity (both p < 0.05). The cell-based assay showed that Gal-9 and FFA could upregulate FABP1 expression and enhance lipid droplet accumulation in hepatocytes. Conclusion Elevated levels of Gal-9 and sTIM3 in RA patients with NAFLD and their positive correlation with NAFLD severity suggest the pathogenic role of Gal-9 signaling in RA-related NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ku Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Hsu
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Peng
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ling Liao
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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2
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Jonsson AH, Zhang F, Dunlap G, Gomez-Rivas E, Watts GFM, Faust HJ, Rupani KV, Mears JR, Meednu N, Wang R, Keras G, Coblyn JS, Massarotti EM, Todd DJ, Anolik JH, McDavid A, Wei K, Rao DA, Raychaudhuri S, Brenner MB. Granzyme K + CD8 T cells form a core population in inflamed human tissue. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo0686. [PMID: 35704599 PMCID: PMC9972878 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
T cell-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines are a major driver of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. Although these cytokines have traditionally been attributed to CD4 T cells, we have found that CD8 T cells are notably abundant in synovium and make more interferon (IFN)-γ and nearly as much tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as their CD4 T cell counterparts. Furthermore, using unbiased high-dimensional single-cell RNA-seq and flow cytometric data, we found that the vast majority of synovial tissue and synovial fluid CD8 T cells belong to an effector CD8 T cell population characterized by high expression of granzyme K (GzmK) and low expression of granzyme B (GzmB) and perforin. Functional experiments demonstrate that these GzmK+ GzmB+ CD8 T cells are major cytokine producers with low cytotoxic potential. Using T cell receptor repertoire data, we found that CD8 GzmK+ GzmB+ T cells are clonally expanded in synovial tissues and maintain their granzyme expression and overall cell state in blood, suggesting that they are enriched in tissue but also circulate. Using GzmK and GzmB signatures, we found that GzmK-expressing CD8 T cells were also the major CD8 T cell population in the gut, kidney, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, suggesting that they form a core population of tissue-associated T cells across diseases and human tissues. We term this population tissue-enriched expressing GzmK or TteK CD8 cells. Armed to produce cytokines in response to both antigen-dependent and antigen-independent stimuli, CD8 TteK cells have the potential to drive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Helena Jonsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and the Center for Health Artificial Intelligence, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Garrett Dunlap
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emma Gomez-Rivas
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gerald F. M. Watts
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Heather J. Faust
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karishma Vijay Rupani
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph R. Mears
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nida Meednu
- Division of Rheumatology and the Center for Health Artificial Intelligence, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Runci Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory Keras
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Coblyn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena M. Massarotti
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Derrick J. Todd
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer H. Anolik
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Andrew McDavid
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | - Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deepak A. Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Michael B. Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115, USA
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3
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Fearon U, Hanlon MM, Floudas A, Veale DJ. Cellular metabolic adaptations in rheumatoid arthritis and their therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:398-414. [PMID: 35440762 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of endothelium and immune cells is fundamental to the initiation of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and it results in trans-endothelial cell migration and synovial fibroblast proliferation, leading to joint destruction. In RA, the synovial microvasculature is highly dysregulated, resulting in inefficient oxygen perfusion to the synovium, which, along with the high metabolic demands of activated immune and stromal cells, leads to a profoundly hypoxic microenvironment. In inflamed joints, infiltrating immune cells and synovial resident cells have great requirements for energy and nutrients, and they adapt their metabolic profiles to generate sufficient energy to support their highly activated inflammatory states. This shift in metabolic capacity of synovial cells enables them to produce the essential building blocks to support their proliferation, activation and invasiveness. Furthermore, it results in the accumulation of metabolic intermediates and alteration of redox-sensitive pathways, affecting signalling pathways that further potentiate the inflammatory response. Importantly, the inflamed synovium is a multicellular tissue, with cells differing in their metabolic requirements depending on complex cell-cell interactions, nutrient supply, metabolic intermediates and transcriptional regulation. Therefore, understanding the complex interplay between metabolic and inflammatory pathways in synovial cells in RA will provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Fearon
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland. .,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Megan M Hanlon
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Achilleas Floudas
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas J Veale
- EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Zhu T, Wang R, Miller H, Westerberg LS, Yang L, Guan F, Lee P, Gong Q, Chen Y, Liu C. The interaction between iNKT cells and B cells. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:711-723. [PMID: 34312907 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6ru0221-095rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs) bridge the innate immunity with the adaptive immunity and their interaction with B cells has been extensively studied. Here, we give a complete overview of these two cells, from their mechanism of interaction to clinical prospects and existing problems. In our introduction, we describe the relationship between iNKTs and B cells and explore the current research hotspots and future directions. We begin with how B cells interact and benefit from the innate and adaptive help of iNKTs. Next, we describe the multiple roles of these cells in infections, autoimmunity, and cancers. Lastly, we look into the potential immunotherapies that can be based on iNKTs and the possible treatments for infectious, autoimmune, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongli Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, GuiZhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis (IA) refers to a group of chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and other spondyloarthritis (SpA). IA is characterized by autoimmune-mediated joint inflammation and is associated with inflammatory cytokine networks. Innate lymphocytes, including innate-like lymphocytes (ILLs) expressing T or B cell receptors and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), play important roles in the initiation of host immune responses against self-antigens and rapidly produce large amounts of cytokines upon stimulation. TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor)-α, IFN (Interferon)-γ, Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13), IL-17A, IL-22, and GM-CSF are involved in IA and are secreted by ILLs and ILCs. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of ILL and ILC phenotypes, cytokine production and functions in IA. A better understanding of the roles of ILLs and ILCs in IA initiation and development will ultimately provide insights into developing effective strategies for the clinical treatment of IA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyao Wu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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6
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Navigating the Role of CD1d/Invariant Natural Killer T-cell/Glycolipid Immune Axis in Multiple Myeloma Evolution: Therapeutic Implications. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2020; 20:358-365. [PMID: 32234294 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable B-cell malignancy. The immunotherapeutic approach for MM therapy is evolving. The Cd1d/invariant natural killer T-cell/glycolipid immune axis belongs to the innate immunity, and we have highlighted role in myeloma pathogenesis in the present study. The recent development of the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR19)-invariant natural killer T-cells resulted in our renewed interest in this immune system and offer new perspectives for future anti-MM immunotherapies.
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7
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Chen D, Liu H, Wang Y, Chen S, Liu J, Li W, Dou H, Hou W, Meng M. Study of the adoptive immunotherapy on rheumatoid arthritis with Thymus-derived invariant natural killer T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 67:427-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Bagchi S, Genardi S, Wang CR. Linking CD1-Restricted T Cells With Autoimmunity and Dyslipidemia: Lipid Levels Matter. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1616. [PMID: 30061888 PMCID: PMC6055000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia, or altered blood lipid content, is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis, are correlated highly with dyslipidemia. One common thread between both autoimmune diseases and altered lipid levels is the presence of inflammation, suggesting that the immune system might act as the link between these related pathologies. Deciphering the role of innate and adaptive immune responses in autoimmune diseases and, more recently, obesity-related inflammation, have been active areas of research. The broad picture suggests that antigen-presenting molecules, which present self-peptides to autoreactive T cells, can result in either aggravation or amelioration of inflammation. However, very little is known about the role of self-lipid reactive T cells in dyslipidemia-associated autoimmune events. Given that a range of autoimmune diseases are linked to aberrant lipid profiles and a majority of lipid-specific T cells are reactive to self-antigens, it is important to examine the role of these T cells in dyslipidemia-related autoimmune ailments and determine if dysregulation of these T cells can be drivers of autoimmune conditions. CD1 molecules present lipids to T cells and are divided into two groups based on sequence homology. To date, most of the information available on lipid-reactive T cells comes from the study of group 2 CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells while T cells reactive to group 1 CD1 molecules remain understudied, despite their higher abundance in humans compared to NKT cells. This review evaluates the mechanisms by which CD1-reactive, self-lipid specific T cells contribute to dyslipidemia-associated autoimmune disease progression or amelioration by examining available literature on NKT cells and highlighting recent progress made on the study of group 1 CD1-restricted T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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9
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Altered thymic differentiation and modulation of arthritis by invariant NKT cells expressing mutant ZAP70. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2627. [PMID: 29980684 PMCID: PMC6035278 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various subsets of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells with different cytokine productions develop in the mouse thymus, but the factors driving their differentiation remain unclear. Here we show that hypomorphic alleles of Zap70 or chemical inhibition of Zap70 catalysis leads to an increase of IFN-γ-producing iNKT cells (NKT1 cells), suggesting that NKT1 cells may require a lower TCR signal threshold. Zap70 mutant mice develop IL-17-dependent arthritis. In a mouse experimental arthritis model, NKT17 cells are increased as the disease progresses, while NKT1 numbers negatively correlates with disease severity, with this protective effect of NKT1 linked to their IFN-γ expression. NKT1 cells are also present in the synovial fluid of arthritis patients. Our data therefore suggest that TCR signal strength during thymic differentiation may influence not only IFN-γ production, but also the protective function of iNKT cells in arthritis. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells can be subsetted based on their cytokine productions. Here the authors show, using Zap70 mutant mice, that interferon-γ secreting (IFN-γ) iNKT cells may be induced by hampered T cell receptor signallings to help ameliorate interleukin-17-mediated joint inflammation.
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10
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Mortier C, Govindarajan S, Venken K, Elewaut D. It Takes "Guts" to Cause Joint Inflammation: Role of Innate-Like T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1489. [PMID: 30008717 PMCID: PMC6033969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate-like T cells such as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and mucosal-associated T (MAIT) cells, characterized by a semi-invariant T cell receptor and restriction toward MHC-like molecules (CD1 and MR1 respectively), are a unique unconventional immune subset acting at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity. Highly represented at barrier sites and capable of rapidly producing substantial amounts of cytokines, they serve a pivotal role as first-line responders against microbial infections. In contrast, it was demonstrated that innate-like T cells can be skewed toward a predominant pro-inflammatory state and are consequently involved in a number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases like inflammatory bowel diseases and rheumatic disorders, such as spondyloarthritis (SpA) and rheumatoid arthritis. Interestingly, there is link between gut and joint disease as they often co-incide and share certain aspects of the pathogenesis such as established genetic risk factors, a critical role for pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-23, and IL-17 and therapeutic susceptibility. In this regard dysregulated IL-23/IL-17 responses appear to be crucial in both debilitating pathologies and innate-like T cells likely act as key player. In this review, we will explore the remarkable features of iNKT cells and MAIT cells, and discuss their contribution to immunity and combined gut-joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Mortier
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Srinath Govindarajan
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Venken
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Zhou J, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Tang X, Zhao X. CD3 +CD56 + natural killer T cell activity in children with different forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the influence of etanercept treatment on polyarticular subgroup. Clin Immunol 2016; 176:1-11. [PMID: 28025136 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has three major onset types with widely varying clinical features. We assessed the natural killer T (NKT) cell function in patients with different JIA subtypes, and found systemic patients exhibited lower NKT cell counts, perforin and granzyme B expression, while the pauciarticular and polyarticular patients displayed higher perforin and granzyme B expression as compared with the controls. The synovial fluid had more NKT cells with higher levels of perforin, granzyme B, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α than peripheral cells. The polyarticular patients that responded to etanercept had lower NKT cell counts, intracellular perforin, granzyme B and the mean fluorescence intensity of TNF-α than the patients that did not respond. Treatment with etanercept reduced the granzyme B and perforin, interferon (IFN)-γ and TNF-α expression in NKT cells in the responsive group. Therefore, a higher NKT cell function may indicate a decreased response to etanercept in polyarticular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, China.
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, China
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12
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Abstract
Many rheumatic diseases are characterized by having an autoimmune background. Determining the mechanisms underlying autoimmunity is, therefore, important to further understand these diseases and to inform future lines of research aimed at developing new treatments and cures. As fast responders, innate lymphocytes have protective or pathogenic roles in the initiation as well as the maintenance of immune responses in general, and they contribute to tissue homeostasis, among other functions. Innate lymphocytes also seem to be involved in autoimmunity in particular. Since 2010, accumulating evidence clearly shows that different populations of innate lymphocytes have roles in responding to antigen-specific autoantibody and autoreactive T cells, thereby amplifying or attenuating disease processes. Cytotoxicity is a cardinal feature of many innate lymphocytes and can contribute to inflammatory tissue damage. Finally, innate lymphocytes can respond to biologic therapies for autoimmune diseases. Consequently, like TNF and other effector molecules, certain innate lymphocyte subsets might be appropriate therapeutic targets to ameliorate various autoimmune diseases. In this Review, we summarize the main characteristics and functions of innate lymphocyte subsets, and describe their roles in autoimmune disease. We also discuss how biologic therapies influence innate lymphocyte function and consider the potential for these cell subsets to act as future therapeutic targets.
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13
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Abstract
CD1- and MHC-related molecule-1 (MR1)-restricted T lymphocytes recognize nonpeptidic antigens, such as lipids and small metabolites, and account for a major fraction of circulating and tissue-resident T cells. They represent a readily activated, long-lasting population of effector cells and contribute to the early phases of immune response, orchestrating the function of other cells. This review addresses the main aspects of their immunological functions, including antigen and T cell receptor repertoires, mechanisms of nonpeptidic antigen presentation, and the current evidence for their participation in human and experimental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mori
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and Basel University, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; , , .,Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 138648 Singapore
| | - Marco Lepore
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and Basel University, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; , ,
| | - Gennaro De Libero
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and Basel University, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; , , .,Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 138648 Singapore
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Mansour S, Tocheva AS, Sanderson JP, Goulston LM, Platten H, Serhal L, Parsons C, Edwards MH, Woelk CH, Elkington PT, Elliott T, Cooper C, Edwards CJ, Gadola SD. Structural and Functional Changes of the Invariant NKT Clonal Repertoire in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:5582-91. [PMID: 26553073 PMCID: PMC4671310 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT cells (iNKT) are potent immunoregulatory T cells that recognize CD1d via a semi-invariant TCR (iNKT-TCR). Despite the knowledge of a defective iNKT pool in several autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a clear understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms, including qualitative and structural changes of the human iNKT repertoire at the earlier stages of autoimmune disease, is lacking. In this study, we compared the structure and function of the iNKT repertoire in early RA patients with age- and gender-matched controls. We analyzed the phenotype and function of the ex vivo iNKT repertoire as well as CD1d Ag presentation, combined with analyses of a large panel of ex vivo sorted iNKT clones. We show that circulating iNKTs were reduced in early RA, and their frequency was inversely correlated to disease activity score 28. Proliferative iNKT responses were defective in early RA, independent of CD1d function. Functional iNKT alterations were associated with a skewed iNKT-TCR repertoire with a selective reduction of high-affinity iNKT clones in early RA. Furthermore, high-affinity iNKTs in early RA exhibited an altered functional Th profile with Th1- or Th2-like phenotype, in treatment-naive and treated patients, respectively, compared with Th0-like Th profiles exhibited by high-affinity iNKTs in controls. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a mechanism for the intrinsic qualitative defects of the circulating iNKT clonal repertoire in early RA, demonstrating defects of iNKTs bearing high-affinity TCRs. These defects may contribute to immune dysregulation, and our findings could be exploited for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Mansour
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom;
| | - Anna S Tocheva
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lyndsey M Goulston
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Platten
- National Institute for Health Research Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Serhal
- National Institute for Health Research Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Camille Parsons
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark H Edwards
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher H Woelk
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T Elkington
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Elliott
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; Oxford National Institute for Health Research Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7HE, United Kingdom; and
| | - Christopher J Edwards
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; Oxford National Institute for Health Research Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7HE, United Kingdom; and
| | - Stephan D Gadola
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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McKee SJ, Mattarollo SR, Leggatt GR. Immunosuppressive roles of natural killer T (NKT) cells in the skin. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:49-54. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4ru0114-001r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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16
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Gutowska-Owsiak D, Birchall MA, Moots RJ, Christmas SE, Pazmany L. Expanded population of CD1d-restricted Vα24+ cells in a patient with active rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Immunol 2013; 150:140-2. [PMID: 24412906 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Gutowska-Owsiak
- Department of Rheumatology, Inflammation Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK.
| | - Martin A Birchall
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert J Moots
- Department of Rheumatology, Inflammation Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen E Christmas
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laszlo Pazmany
- Department of Rheumatology, Inflammation Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
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17
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Gutowska-Owsiak D, Birchall MA, Moots RJ, Christmas SE, Pazmany L. Proliferatory defect of invariant population and accumulation of non-invariant CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells in the joints of RA patients. Mod Rheumatol 2013; 24:434-42. [PMID: 24252027 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2013.844309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While numerical and functional defects of invariant NKT cells have been demonstrated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the detailed characterization of proliferative and secretory responses following CD1d-mediated presentation is lacking; the presence of non-invariant populations has never been assessed in human autoimmunity. We have evaluated both invariant and non-invariant populations in the blood and synovial fluid from patients to assess feasibility of NKT cell-directed manipulations in RA. METHODS NKT cell populations were quantified by anti-CD4/anti-Vα24 staining and/or CD1d tetramers. Proliferation was measured in cultures of mononuclear cells following stimulations with αGalCer and cytokine secretion determined by multi-bead assay. RESULTS We have confirmed a proliferative defect of iNKT cells in both peripheral blood and synovial fluid from RA patients, but no changes in baseline frequencies. Moreover, we have detected an enlargement of non-invariant cell pool in synovial fluid samples. In addition, we noted an evident Th2 shift following exposure to αGalCer and pronounced IL-6 secretion. CONCLUSIONS While RA patients suffer from defective proliferative responses of invariant NKT cells, non-invariant cells accumulate at the site of inflammation. While stimulation with αGalCer results in reduced TNF-α and increased suppressive IL-10, abundantly produced IL-6 could potentially contribute to the induction of Th17 cells in the joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Gutowska-Owsiak
- Department of Rheumatology, Inflammation Research Unit , School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool , UK
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18
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Simoni Y, Diana J, Ghazarian L, Beaudoin L, Lehuen A. Therapeutic manipulation of natural killer (NK) T cells in autoimmunity: are we close to reality? Clin Exp Immunol 2013. [PMID: 23199318 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells reactive to lipids and restricted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecules represent more than 15% of all lymphocytes in human blood. This heterogeneous population of innate cells includes the invariant natural killer T cells (iNK T), type II NK T cells, CD1a,b,c-restricted T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. These populations are implicated in cancer, infection and autoimmunity. In this review, we focus on the role of these cells in autoimmunity. We summarize data obtained in humans and preclinical models of autoimmune diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and atherosclerosis. We also discuss the promise of NK T cell manipulations: restoration of function, specific activation, depletion and the relevance of these treatments to human autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Simoni
- INSERM, U986, Hospital Cochin/St Vincent de Paul, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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19
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Zhou L, Li K, Shi YL, Hamzavi I, Gao TW, Henderson M, Huggins RH, Agbai O, Mahmoud B, Mi X, Lim HW, Mi QS. Systemic analyses of immunophenotypes of peripheral T cells in non-segmental vitiligo: implication of defective natural killer T cells. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 25:602-11. [PMID: 22591262 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2012.01019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although it is widely believed that non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) results from the autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, a clear understanding of defects in immune tolerance, which mediate this uncontrolled self-reactivity, is still lacking. In the present study, we systemically evaluated circulating regulatory T (Treg) cells, including CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) Treg cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, as well as naïve and memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and their cytokine production, in a cohort of 43 progressive NSV patients with race-, gender-, and age-matched healthy controls. We found that the general immunophenotypes of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and the percentage of CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) Tregs were comparable between NSV and healthy controls. However, percentages of peripheral iNKT cells were significantly decreased in NSV patients compared to that in healthy controls. Our data confirm the previous notion that the percentage of peripheral CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) Tregs remains unaltered in NSV and suggests the involvement of defective iNKT cells in the pathogenesis of NSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
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20
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Subleski JJ, Jiang Q, Weiss JM, Wiltrout RH. The split personality of NKT cells in malignancy, autoimmune and allergic disorders. Immunotherapy 2011; 3:1167-84. [PMID: 21995570 PMCID: PMC3230042 DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NKT cells are a heterogeneous subset of specialized, self-reactive T cells, with innate and adaptive immune properties, which allow them to bridge innate and adaptive immunity and profoundly influence autoimmune and malignant disease outcomes. NKT cells mediate these activities through their ability to rapidly express pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that influence the type and magnitude of the immune response. Not only do NKT cells regulate the functions of other cell types, but experimental evidence has found NKT cell subsets can modulate the functions of other NKT subsets. Depending on underlying mechanisms, NKT cells can inhibit or exacerbate autoimmunity and malignancy, making them potential targets for disease intervention. NKT cells can respond to foreign and endogenous antigenic glycolipid signals that are expressed during pathogenic invasion or ongoing inflammation, respectively, allowing them to rapidly react to and influence a broad array of diseases. In this article we review the unique development and activation pathways of NKT cells and focus on how these attributes augment or exacerbate autoimmune disorders and malignancy. We also examine the growing evidence that NKT cells are involved in liver inflammatory conditions that can contribute to the development of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff J Subleski
- Laboratory of Experimental, Immunology, Cancer & Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Qun Jiang
- Laboratory of Experimental, Immunology, Cancer & Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jonathan M Weiss
- Laboratory of Experimental, Immunology, Cancer & Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Robert H Wiltrout
- Laboratory of Experimental, Immunology, Cancer & Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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21
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Preventing and curing citrulline-induced autoimmune arthritis in a humanized mouse model using a Th2-polarizing iNKT cell agonist. Immunol Cell Biol 2011; 90:630-9. [PMID: 21912419 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2011.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate lymphocytes with unique reactivity to glycolipid antigens bound to non-polymorphic CD1d molecules. They are capable of rapidly releasing pro- and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines and constitute attractive targets for immunotherapy of a wide range of diseases including autoimmune disorders. In this study, we have explored the beneficial effects of OCH, a Th2-polarizing glycolipid agonist of iNKT cells, in a humanized mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in which citrullinated human proteins are targeted by autoaggressive immune responses in mice expressing an RA susceptibility human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR4 molecule. We found for the first time that treatment with OCH both prevents and cures citrulline-induced autoimmune arthritis as evidenced by resolved ankle swelling and reversed histopathological changes associated with arthritis. Also importantly, OCH treatment blocked the arthritogenic capacity of citrullinated antigen-experienced splenocytes without compromising their global responsiveness or altering the proportion of splenic naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells. Interestingly, administering the Th1-promoting iNKT cell glycolipid ligand α-C-galactosylceramide into HLA-DR4 transgenic mice increased the incidence of arthritis in these animals and exacerbated their clinical symptoms, strongly suggesting a role for Th1 responses in the pathogenesis of citrulline-induced arthritis. Therefore, our findings indicate a role for Th1-mediated immunopathology in citrulline-induced arthritis and provide the first evidence that iNKT cell manipulation by Th2-skewing glycolipids may be of therapeutic value in this clinically relevant model, a finding that is potentially translatable to human RA.
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22
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Distinct effects of anti-tumor necrosis factor combined therapy on TH1/TH2 balance in rheumatoid arthritis patients. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:1077-82. [PMID: 21593236 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00061-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The immune balance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a disease characterized by TH1 dominance, treated by the preferred combined anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) and methotrexate (MTX) therapy was evaluated by assessing the chemokine and cytokine receptors as well as apoptosis induction. A meta-analysis of combined therapy by TNF blockers and MTX in 15 RA patients, MTX monotherapy in 20 RA patients, and 11 diagnosed but untreated RA patients was performed by assessing several immune markers in the whole lymphocyte population, as well as in specific CD4 cells, by both flow cytometry and image analysis. A significant downregulation of CXCR3 and IL-12 receptors (both TH1 markers) and a significant increase in the chemokine receptor CCR4 and, to a lesser extent, IL-4R (both TH2 markers) were found; a particularly marked increase was found in patients treated by combined therapy. This phenomenon was pronounced in CD4 cells and was accompanied by a high proportion of apoptotic cells. The therapeutic effect of MTX and TNF blockers may be due to apoptosis induction in lymphocytes infiltrating from the inflammation site and restoring the TH1/TH2 balance.
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23
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Hu M, Bassett JHD, Danks L, Howell PGT, Xu K, Spanoudakis E, Kotsianidis I, Boyde A, Williams GR, Horwood N, Roberts IAG, Karadimitris A. Activated invariant NKT cells regulate osteoclast development and function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:2910-7. [PMID: 21278350 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells modulate innate and adaptive immune responses through activation of myeloid dendritic cells and macrophages and via enhanced clonogenicity, differentiation, and egress of their shared myeloid progenitors. Because these same progenitors give rise to osteoclasts (OCs), which also mediate the egress of hematopoietic progenitors and orchestrate bone remodeling, we hypothesized that iNKT cells would extend their myeloid cell regulatory role to the development and function of OCs. In this study, we report that selective activation of iNKT cells by α-galactosylceramide causes myeloid cell egress, enhances OC progenitor and precursor development, modifies the intramedullary kinetics of mature OCs, and enhances their resorptive activity. OC progenitor activity is positively regulated by TNF-α and negatively regulated by IFN-γ, but is IL-4 and IL-17 independent. These data demonstrate a novel role of iNKT cells that couples osteoclastogenesis with myeloid cell egress in conditions of immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hu
- Center for Hematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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24
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Yue D, Brintnell W, Mannik LA, Christie DA, Haeryfar SMM, Madrenas J, Chakrabarti S, Bell DA, Cairns E. CTLA-4Ig blocks the development and progression of citrullinated fibrinogen-induced arthritis in DR4-transgenic mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:2941-52. [DOI: 10.1002/art.27597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Teige A, Bockermann R, Hasan M, Olofsson KE, Liu Y, Issazadeh-Navikas S. CD1d-Dependent NKT Cells Play a Protective Role in Acute and Chronic Arthritis Models by Ameliorating Antigen-Specific Th1 Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:345-56. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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26
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Parietti V, Chifflot H, Sibilia J, Muller S, Monneaux F. Rituximab treatment overcomes reduction of regulatory iNKT cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Immunol 2010; 134:331-9. [PMID: 20022305 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subset of T cells that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the CD1d molecule. Accumulating evidences showed that iNKT cells are implicated in the regulatory mechanisms that control autoimmunity. We evaluated the number of circulating iNKT cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by flow cytometry and performed a longitudinal analysis of iNKT cell frequency in RA patients who were given an anti-CD20 therapy. Significantly lower iNKT cell numbers were measured in the blood from RA patients compared to healthy individuals (p<0.0001) and low iNKT cell frequencies were rather associated with an active disease. In RA patients who received rituximab treatment, iNKT cell number was increased in relation to the clinical outcome. We demonstrated that the number of iNKT cells is altered in RA patients and that following rituximab therapy, clinical remission of RA is associated with an increase of iNKT cell frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Parietti
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
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27
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28
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Bharhani MS, Chiu B, Na KS, Inman RD. Activation of invariant NKT cells confers protection against Chlamydia trachomatis-induced arthritis. Int Immunol 2009; 21:859-70. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxp052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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29
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Balato A, Unutmaz D, Gaspari AA. Natural killer T cells: an unconventional T-cell subset with diverse effector and regulatory functions. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:1628-42. [PMID: 19262602 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of lymphocytes that express NK cell markers such as CD161 and CD94, as well as a T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha/beta, with a restricted repertoire, which distinguishes them from NK cells, which lack a TCR. In contrast to conventional T-lymphocytes, the TCR of NKT cells does not interact with that of peptide antigens presented by classical major histocompatibility complex-encoded class I or II molecules. Instead, this TCR recognizes glycolipids presented by CD1d, a non-classical antigen-presenting molecule. The rapid response of NKT cells to their cognate antigens is characteristic of an innate immune response, and allows the polarizing cytokines (IFN-gamma and/or IL-4) to regulate adaptive immunity. NKT cells have been found to be critical in the immune response against viral infections and malaria, as well as in tumor immunity, and certain autoimmune diseases. NKT cells have been assessed to represent the "trait d'union" between innate and adaptive immunity. They play an active role in skin diseases, such as contact sensitivity, which have been implicated in UV-induced immunosuppression and psoriasis. Thus, NKT-cells are emerging as an important subset of lymphocytes, with a protective role in host defense and a pathogenic role in certain immune-mediated disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Balato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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30
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Rabin RL, Levinson AI. The nexus between atopic disease and autoimmunity: a review of the epidemiological and mechanistic literature. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 153:19-30. [PMID: 18505431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been considerable interest in defining the relationship between the expression of allergic and autoimmune diseases in populations of patients. Are patients with autoimmune disease 'protected' from developing allergic (immunoglobulin E-mediated) diseases? Does the establishment of an atopic phenotype reduce the risk of the subsequent development of autoimmune diseases? Although there are clinical studies addressing this question, methodological problems, particularly in identification of atopic subjects, limits their usefulness. Moreover, an immune-based explanation of the observed epidemiological findings has relied on a paradigm that is currently undergoing increased scrutiny and modification to include newly defined effector cell subsets and the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, such as early endotoxin or mycobacterial exposure. To address this question, we reviewed a series of clinical reports that addressed coincidence or co-prevalence of atopy with four autoimmune diseases: psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and type I diabetes mellitus. We present a model whereby active T helper type 1 (Th1) inflammation may suppress the development of atopy, and atopy may suppress the severity but not necessarily the onset of autoimmunity, and then discuss our model in the context of mechanisms of adaptive immunity with particular reference to the Th1/Th2 paradigms. Because the ultimate goal is to ameliorate or cure these diseases, our discussion may help to predict or interpret unexpected consequences of novel therapeutic agents used to target autoimmune or atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Rabin
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, USFDA, Bethesda, MD 20892-4555, USA.
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31
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T lymphocytes in Sjögren's syndrome: contributors to and regulators of pathophysiology. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2008; 32:252-64. [PMID: 17992592 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-007-8011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and malfunction of the exocrine glands, resulting in dry mouth and eyes. This multigenic and multifunctional disease can present as primary Sjögren's syndrome or secondary to an underlying connective tissue disease. Immune activation subsequent to activation or apoptosis of glandular epithelial cells in genetically predisposed individuals may expose autoantigens, which engage self-perpetuating T cell dependent autoimmune sequelae. The cellular and molecular context of this immune response may drive proinflammatory (Th1 and Th17) and restrain inhibitory (Treg) pathways. Inability to suppress the immune response results in persistent tissue damage and compromised function of salivary and lacrimal glands. Defining the contributions of participating T cells may unravel strategies for therapeutic intervention.
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32
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Majorczyk E, Pawlik A, Łuszczek W, Nowak I, Wiśniewski A, Jasek M, Kuśnierczyk P. Associations of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes with complications of rheumatoid arthritis. Genes Immun 2007; 8:678-83. [PMID: 17882223 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes are risk factor(s) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its clinical manifestations. One hundred and seventy-seven RA patients and 243 healthy individuals were tested for the presence of 11 KIR genes using PCR-SSP method. The frequencies of KIRs in patients with RA were similar to the frequencies in controls. However, RA patients positive for KIR2DL3 and negative for KIR2DS3 had earlier disease diagnosis. Additionally, KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2 were significantly more frequent among RA patients with extra-articular manifestations and in its subgroup with vasculitis than in controls and in patients without these complications. Furthermore, the frequencies of KIR2DS1 and KIR3DS1 were lower in patients without bone erosions compared with healthy individuals. Relationships between the presence or absence of autoantibodies (rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide) and KIR frequencies were also evaluated, but no significant differences were observed. These results suggest that particular clinical manifestations of RA may have different genetic backgrounds with respect to KIR genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Majorczyk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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33
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Miellot A, Zhu R, Diem S, Boissier MC, Herbelin A, Bessis N. Activation of invariant NK T cells protects against experimental rheumatoid arthritis by an IL-10-dependent pathway. Eur J Immunol 2006; 35:3704-13. [PMID: 16304639 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique lymphocyte subtype implicated in the regulation of autoimmunity and a good source of protective Th2 cytokines. Agonist alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) of iNKT cells exert a therapeutical effect in type 1 diabetes. We investigated whether iNKT activation with alpha-GalCer was protective in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice, a standard model of rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we have shown that in vivo iNKT cell function was altered in DBA/1 mice since stimulation with alpha-GalCer led to decreased IL-4 and IFN-gamma levels in sera, as compared with C57BL/6 mice. alpha-GalCer induced a clear-cut diminution of clinical and histological arthritides. An anti-IL-10 receptor antibody abrogated the protective effect of alpha-GalCer, suggesting a key role for IL-10 in the protection against CIA by activated iNKT cells. Confirming these data, disease protection conferred by alpha-GalCer correlated with the ability of LN CD4+ cells to secrete larger amounts of IL-10. These findings suggest that in CIA susceptibility to autoimmunity is associated with dysfunctions of iNKT cells. Our demonstration that iNKT cell activation by alpha-GalCer remains efficient in CIA-prone DBA/1 mice to provide protective IL-10 suggests that this could be used therapeutically to treat autoimmune arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/prevention & control
- Galactosylceramides/therapeutic use
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Interleukin-10/physiology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Miellot
- UPRES EA-3408 and Rheumatology Department, University Paris 13 and CHU Avicenne (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
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Hamzaoui K, Kamoun M, Houman H, Hentati F, Hamza M, Ayed K, Hamzaoui A. Discrepancies of NKT cells expression in peripheral blood and in cerebrospinal fluid from Behçet's disease. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 175:160-8. [PMID: 16624421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Revised: 02/09/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The precise role of natural killer T (NKT) cells in the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease (BD) remains unknown. The frequency, cytokine profile and heterogeneity of NKT cells were studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 42BD patients and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 9 neuro-BD patients. Flow cytometry revealed a decreased frequency of NKT cells in PBMC from BD patients (median: 0.06%; range: 0%-0.3%) when compared to healthy controls (median: 0.23%; range: 0.1%-0.7%; P<0.01). NKT cells were biased toward a Th(1)-like phenotype, with a significant decrease of IL-4/IFN-gamma ratio in BD (median: 0.049; range: 0.01-0.13) vs. healthy controls (median: 0.82; range: 0.4-1.33; P<0.01). NKT cells were increased in CSF-BD samples (median: 0.18%; range: 0.1%-0.4%), when compared to CSF-NIND patients (median: 0.05%; range: 0.01%-0.09%; P<0.01). Based on the reactivity of PBMC-derived NKT cells toward alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), 80% of BD patients were non-responsive. At the opposite, the reactivity of NKT cells in CSF from BD patients was not impaired. BD-CSF NKT cells exhibited an increased expression of IFN-gamma-producing cells, demonstrating that CSF-NKT cells were functional, and biased toward a Th(1)-like phenotype. These data suggest that functional NKT cells are recruited into BD inflammatory sites contributing to BD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Hamzaoui
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Medicine University Tunis, 15, Rue Djebel Lakdar 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.
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35
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Vanderlocht J, Hellings N, Hendriks JJA, Vandenabeele F, Moreels M, Buntinx M, Hoekstra D, Antel JP, Stinissen P. Leukemia inhibitory factor is produced by myelin-reactive T cells from multiple sclerosis patients and protects against tumor necrosis factor-α-induced oligodendrocyte apoptosis. J Neurosci Res 2006; 83:763-74. [PMID: 16477612 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), damage to oligodendrocytes is believed to be caused by an aberrant immune response initiated by autoreactive T cells. Increasing evidence indicates that these T cells are not exclusively detrimental but might also exert protective effects. We report for the first time that myelin-reactive T-cell clones from eight MS patients (6/19) and five healthy controls (4/11) produce leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a member of the neuropoietic family of neurotrophins. In addition, T-cell clones specific for tetanus toxoid, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and monocytes, but not B cells, secreted LIF. LIF-producing T lymphocytes and macrophages were also identified immunohistochemically in both active and chronic-active MS lesions. We further demonstrated dose-dependent protective effects of LIF on tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis of oligodendrocytes. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that peripheral and CNS-infiltrating T cells from MS patients produce LIF, a protective factor for oligodendrocytes. This study emphasizes that secretion of LIF may contribute to the neuroprotective effects of autoreactive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Vanderlocht
- Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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36
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Linsen L, Somers V, Stinissen P. Immunoregulation of Autoimmunity by Natural Killer T Cells. Hum Immunol 2005; 66:1193-202. [PMID: 16690406 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a conserved subpopulation of lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens in a CD1d context. Upon activation through their semi-invariant T cell receptor, these cells rapidly release large amounts of immunomodulating Th1 and Th2 cytokines. NKT cells have therefore been implicated in immune responses controlling various diseases, including infection, cancer, transplantation, and autoimmunity. Stimulation of the immunoregulatory capacity of NKT cells by the prototypical antigen alpha-galactosylceramide results in amelioration of disease in several animal models. This review will focus on the current knowledge of human NKT cells and their role in autoimmune diseases. The features of these cells and their importance in regulation of autoimmunity suggest that NKT cell-based therapies might be an interesting approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes Linsen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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