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Mangini M, D’Angelo R, Vinciguerra C, Payré C, Lambeau G, Balestrieri B, Charles JF, Mariggiò S. Multimodal regulation of the osteoclastogenesis process by secreted group IIA phospholipase A 2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:966950. [PMID: 36105351 PMCID: PMC9467450 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.966950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to the involvement of group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) in pathologies characterized by abnormal osteoclast bone-resorption activity. Here, the role of this moonlighting protein has been deepened in the osteoclastogenesis process driven by the RANKL cytokine in RAW264.7 macrophages and bone-marrow derived precursor cells from BALB/cJ mice. Inhibitors with distinct selectivity toward sPLA2-IIA activities and recombinant sPLA2-IIA (wild-type or catalytically inactive forms, full-length or partial protein sequences) were instrumental to dissect out sPLA2-IIA function, in conjunction with reduction of sPLA2-IIA expression using small-interfering-RNAs and precursor cells from Pla2g2a knock-out mice. The reported data indicate sPLA2-IIA participation in murine osteoclast maturation, control of syncytium formation and resorbing activity, by mechanisms that may be both catalytically dependent and independent. Of note, these studies provide a more complete understanding of the still enigmatic osteoclast multinucleation process, a crucial step for bone-resorbing activity, uncovering the role of sPLA2-IIA interaction with a still unidentified receptor to regulate osteoclast fusion through p38 SAPK activation. This could pave the way for the design of specific inhibitors of sPLA2-IIA binding to interacting partners implicated in osteoclast syncytium formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mangini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa D’Angelo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Vinciguerra
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Christine Payré
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Barbara Balestrieri
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julia F. Charles
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stefania Mariggiò
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy,*Correspondence: Stefania Mariggiò,
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Simiao Pill Attenuates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats through Suppressing the ATX-LPA and MAPK Signalling Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7498527. [PMID: 31001354 PMCID: PMC6437962 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7498527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Simiao pill (SM), a traditional Chinese formula, has been used as an antirheumatic drug in clinical practice for hundreds of years. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic synovial inflammation and hyperplasia, cartilage destruction, and joint damage. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of SM on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. It also aimed to explore whether this protective effect of SM was related to the inhibition of the ATX-LPA and MAPK signalling pathways. Materials and Methods Rats were injected with a collagen II emulsion at the end of the tail and on the back to induce arthritis. Treatment with different doses of SM was conducted by intragastric administration. Then, body weights and arthritis scores were measured. The serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, C-reactive protein (CRP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), autotaxin (ATX), and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) were determined by ELISA. Pathological changes in the joints were measured by micro-CT and assessed via haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The expression of ATX, LPA receptor 1 (LPA1) was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was detected by Western blotting. Results SM significantly alleviated arthritis symptoms, inhibited bone erosion, and decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, CRP, ATX, and LPA in the sera of CIA rats. Importantly, SM clearly reduced the protein expression of LPA1 and ATX. The activation of the MAPK signalling pathway was also inhibited by SM in the synovial tissues of CIA rats. Conclusions The antirheumatic effects of SM were associated with the regulation of the ATX-LPA and MAPK pathways, the suppression of proinflammatory cytokine production, and the alleviation of cartilage and bone injury. These findings suggest that SM might be a promising alternative candidate for RA therapy.
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Elgazar AA, Knany HR, Ali MS. Insights on the molecular mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of formula from Islamic traditional medicine: An in-silico study. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:353-363. [PMID: 31453132 PMCID: PMC6702150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Traditional medicine is an important source for drug discovery. However, many challenges face the scientific community to develop novel drugs from it. To investigate the rationale behind the medical legacy of centuries of precious knowledge from traditional medicine, we aimed at performing virtual screening to identify potential leads from the middle-age textbook, The Canon of Medicine. Experimental procedure A database of chemical constituents of plants mentioned within the book was built and docked against different molecular targets associated with inflammation such as phospholipase A2, p38 alpha mitogen activated protein kinase, cyclooxygenase-2 and leukotriene B4 dehydrogenase, after that literature survey was done to determine the consistency of traditional uses and molecular docking results with the current knowledge obtained from previous studies and reports. Results and conclusion The in-silico study revealed the ability of several chemical constituents, in the plants under investigation, to bind effectively to different targets associated with inflammation, which was consistent with previous reports, indicating that Islamic traditional medicine can be considered as a reliable promising source for developing new anti-inflammatory agents with low toxicity and minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Elgazar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Hamada Ramadan Knany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Soliman Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
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Chaturvedi S, Misra DP, Prasad N, Rastogi K, Singh H, Rai MK, Agarwal V. 5-HT 2 and 5-HT 2B antagonists attenuate pro-fibrotic phenotype in human adult dermal fibroblasts by blocking TGF-β1 induced non-canonical signaling pathways including STAT3 : implications for fibrotic diseases like scleroderma. Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 21:2128-2138. [PMID: 30207074 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) from activated platelets following microvascular injury leads to tissue fibrosis. 5-HT strongly induces extracellular matrix synthesis in dermal fibroblasts in a transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-dependent manner. AIM To evaluate anti-fibrotic properties of inhibitors of 5-HT2 and 5-HT2B (terguride, SB204741) respectively in human adult dermal fibroblasts (HADF) derived from a patient with scleroderma. METHODS Anti-fibrotic efficacy of 5-HT2 and 5-HT2B inhibitors was evaluated as per two strategies: HADF were incubated with 5-HT (1 μM)/TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) for 1 hour followed by 5-HT (1 μM)/TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) and terguride or SB204741 (1 μM, each) for 24 hours (post-treatment strategy) and HADF were treated with terguride or SB204741 (1 μM, each) for 1 hour followed by 5-HT (1 μM)/TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) for 24 hours (pre-treatment strategy). Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for expression of pro-fibrotic (TGFΒ1, COL1A1, COL1A2, ACTA2, CTGF and FN1) and anti-fibrotic genes (MMP2/TIMP1) was performed. Expression of type I collagen, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), phosphorylation of Smad3, ERK1/2 and STAT3 was examined by immunoblotting. RESULTS Stimulation of HADF cells with 5-HT/TGF-β1 led to the increased expression of pro-fibrotic genes which was significantly reduced by both terguride and SB204741. Expression of anti-fibrotic genes was not affected upon incubation with the inhibitors. In 5-HT-stimulated HADF, treatment with terguride and SB204741 decreased type I collagen and α-SMA. In 5-HT/TGF-β1 stimulated HADF, terguride and SB204741 treatment reduced ERK1/2 and STAT3 phosphorylation but did not influence Smad3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Terguride and SB204741 reduce pro-fibrotic potential of HADF cells and suppress TGF-β1-mediated non-canonical pathways, ERK1/2 and STAT3 which have been implicated in the regulation of pro-fibrotic genes and in the development of fibrosis. Taken together, our data suggest that 5-HT inhibitors might reduce fibrosis via suppression of TGF-beta1-mediated non-canonical signaling pathways. These observations have important therapeutic implications for fibrotic disorders like scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chaturvedi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Durga Prasanna Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Kailash Rastogi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Harshit Singh
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Rai
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Vikas Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
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Minhas N, Xue M, Jackson CJ. Activated protein C binds directly to Tie2: possible beneficial effects on endothelial barrier function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1895-1906. [PMID: 28005151 PMCID: PMC11107519 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Activated protein C (APC) is a natural anticoagulant with strong anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and barrier stabilizing properties. These cytoprotective properties of APC are thought to be exerted through its pathway involving the binding of APC to endothelial protein C receptor and cleavage of protease-activated receptors. In this study, we found that APC enhanced endothelial barrier integrity via a novel pathway, by binding directly to and activating Tie2, a transmembrane endothelial tyrosine kinase receptor. Binding assays demonstrated that APC competed with the only known ligands of Tie2, the angiopoietins (Angs). APC bound directly to Tie2 (Kd ~3 nM), with markedly stronger binding affinity than Ang2. After binding, APC rapidly activated Tie2 to enhance endothelial barrier function as shown by Evan's blue dye transfer across confluent cell monolayers and in vivo studies. Blocking Tie2 restricted endothelial barrier integrity. This study highlights a novel mechanism by which APC binds directly to Tie2 to enhance endothelial barrier integrity, which helps to explain APC's protective effects in vascular leakage-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Minhas
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, Level 10, The Kolling Building, St. Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Meilang Xue
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, Level 10, The Kolling Building, St. Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Christopher J Jackson
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, Level 10, The Kolling Building, St. Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.
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Zheng SC, Zhu XX, Xue Y, Zhang LH, Zou HJ, Qiu JH, Liu Q. Role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the transient release of IL-1β induced by monosodium urate crystals in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:30. [PMID: 25897296 PMCID: PMC4403983 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate whether monosodium urate (MSU) crystals induce interleukin (IL)-1β in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), and whether the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the inflammatory mechanism. METHODS Human FLS isolated from explants of synovial tissue were stimulated with MSU crystals (0.001 to 0.5 mg/ml) for different time course (6 hours to 48 hours). The expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NLRP3 were evaluated with ELISA, Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Exposure of FLS to MSU crystals transiently induced a significant increase in IL-1β expression in culture medium with a peak at 6 h. The mRNA level of IL-1β in the FLS cells had a similar pattern at this time point. Changes in IL-6 and TNF-α expression were not observed. Simultaneously, intercellular pro-IL-1β was detected at 6 h. Furthermore, MSU crystals also induced NLRP3 mRNA and protein expression at 6 h to 48 h after MSU treatment. CONCLUSIONS MSU crystals directly increased IL-1β and intercellular NLRP3 expression in FLS cells. It is suggested that the NLRP3 inflammasome may be associated with IL-1β in FLS treated with MSU. Altogether, MSU could induce production and release of IL-1β through the NLRP3 inflammasome in human synoviocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Cong Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Zhu
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Hong Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
| | - He-Jian Zou
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Hua Qiu
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Qiong Liu
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 PR China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
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Zhan C, Li S, Zhong Q, Zhou D. Structure-Based Grafting, Mutation, and Optimization of Peptide Inhibitors to Fit in the Active Pocket of Human Secreted Phospholipase A2: Find New Use of Old Peptide Agents with Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:418-26. [PMID: 25187416 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Zhan
- Department of ICU; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Shusheng Li
- Department of ICU; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Qiang Zhong
- Department of ICU; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Daixing Zhou
- Department of ICU; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
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Allard-Chamard H, Haroun S, de Brum-Fernandes AJ. Secreted phospholipase A2 type II is present in Paget's disease of bone and modulates osteoclastogenesis, apoptosis and bone resorption of human osteoclasts independently of its catalytic activity in vitro. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 90:39-45. [PMID: 24411720 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the role of secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) in the pathophysiology of human osteoclasts (OCs). METHODS Immunohistochemistry and sPLA2 inhibitors were to determine the localization of sPLA2 and its role in OCs biology. RESULTS sPLA2 is expressed by OCs from healthy fetal bone and OCs from Paget's disease but not in normal bone. Inhibition of sPLA2 greatly reduces in vitro osteoclastogenesis. DISCUSSION The decrease in OCs formed could be attributed to a decline in the viability of CD14(+) OC precursors as well as a reduced viability of mature OCs. Inhibition of sPLA2 strongly decreases bone resorption by OCs independently of actin cytoskeleton remodeling, probably also by reducing OCs viability. CONCLUSION High amounts of this enzyme are present in fetal and Pagetic bone samples. Inhibition of sPLA2in vitro decreases osteoclastogenesis and OC activity and might constitute an interesting pharmacologic target for diseases with high bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Allard-Chamard
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001-12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Sonia Haroun
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001-12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Artur J de Brum-Fernandes
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001-12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4.
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Lysoglycerophospholipids in chronic inflammatory disorders: The PLA2/LPC and ATX/LPA axes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:42-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zweers MC, de Boer TN, van Roon J, Bijlsma JWJ, Lafeber FPJG, Mastbergen SC. Celecoxib: considerations regarding its potential disease-modifying properties in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:239. [PMID: 21955617 PMCID: PMC3308065 DOI: 10.1186/ar3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage, subchondral bone sclerosis, osteophyte formation, and synovial inflammation, causing substantial physical disability, impaired quality of life, and significant health care utilization. Traditionally, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors, have been used to treat pain and inflammation in OA. Besides its anti-inflammatory properties, evidence is accumulating that celecoxib, one of the selective COX-2 inhibitors, has additional disease-modifying effects. Celecoxib was shown to affect all structures involved in OA pathogenesis: cartilage, bone, and synovium. As well as COX-2 inhibition, evidence indicates that celecoxib also modulates COX-2-independent signal transduction pathways. These findings raise the question of whether celecoxib, and potentially other coxibs, is more than just an anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug. Can celecoxib be considered a disease-modifying osteoarthritic drug? In this review, these direct effects of celecoxib on cartilage, bone, and synoviocytes in OA treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon C Zweers
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, F02,127, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Chou CH, Teng CM, Tzen KY, Chang YC, Chen JH, Cheng JCH. MMP-9 from sublethally irradiated tumor promotes Lewis lung carcinoma cell invasiveness and pulmonary metastasis. Oncogene 2011; 31:458-68. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Leistad L, Feuerherm AJ, Faxvaag A, Johansen B. Multiple phospholipase A2 enzymes participate in the inflammatory process in osteoarthritic cartilage. Scand J Rheumatol 2011; 40:308-16. [PMID: 21417548 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2010.547872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of pro-inflammatory phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes in human chondrocytes from patients with osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS PLA2 involvement in OA chondrocytes was analysed by (a) arachidonic acid (AA) and oleic acid release, (b) PLA2 mRNA analysis, and (c) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in cultured OA chondrocytes in response to various cytokines and platelet activating factor (PAF). RESULTS Pro-inflammatory cytokines and PAF stimulation led to increased AA release, interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) being the strongest inducers. The pattern of oleic acid release was similar to but less prominent than AA release, suggesting that predominantly arachidonyl selective enzymes were activated. IL-1β, TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 upregulated secretory group IIA, IID, and V phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA, -IID, -V) and cytosolic group IVA phospholipase A2 (cPLA2-IVA) expression, where induction of chondrocyte sPLA2-IID is a novel finding. Furthermore, IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6 also induced COX2 expression. PAF induced expression of group IIA, IID and IVA PLA2, and COX2. In line with its anti-inflammatory properties, IL-4 was unable to induce either AA release or expression of PLA2s or COX2. IL-1β and TNF strongly increased PGE2 production, with IL-1β as the most prominent inducer. CONCLUSION Multiple PLA2 isoforms are expressed and influenced by pro-inflammatory stimuli in OA chondrocytes. Hence, several PLA2 enzymes may contribute to chondrocyte function by their upregulation and activation, and increased AA release and PGE2 production may therefore be important effectors in OA pathophysiology. PLA2 enzymes and cPLA2-IVA in particular are thus possible therapeutic targets in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Leistad
- SINTEF Technology and Society, Department of Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Thwin M, Samy RP, Satyanarayanajois SD, Gopalakrishnakone P. Venom neutralization by purified bioactive molecules: Synthetic peptide derivatives of the endogenous PLA2 inhibitory protein PIP (a mini-review). Toxicon 2010; 56:1275-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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