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Shah S, Ghosh D, Otsuka T, Laurencin CT. Classes of Stem Cells: From Biology to Engineering. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2024; 10:309-322. [PMID: 39387056 PMCID: PMC11463971 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-023-00317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The majority of adult tissues are limited in self-repair and regeneration due to their poor intrinsic regenerative capacity. It is widely recognized that stem cells are present in almost all adult tissues, but the natural regeneration in adult mammals is not sufficient to recover function after injury or disease. Historically, 3 classes of stem cells have been defined: embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we have defined a fourth fully engineered class: the synthetic artificial stem cell (SASC). This review aims to discuss the applications of these stem cell classes in musculoskeletal regenerative engineering. Method We screened articles in PubMed and bibliographic search using a combination of keywords. Relevant and high-cited articles were chosen for inclusion in this narrative review. Results In this review, we discuss the different classes of stem cells that are biologically derived (ESCs and MSCs) or semi-engineered/engineered (iPSCs, SASC). We also discuss the applications of these stem cell classes in musculoskeletal regenerative engineering. We further summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using each of the classes and how they impact the clinical translation of these therapies. Conclusion Each class of stem cells has advantages and disadvantages in preclinical and clinical settings. We also propose the engineered SASC class as a potentially disease-modifying therapy that harnesses the paracrine action of biologically derived stem cells to mimic regenerative potential. Lay Summary The majority of adult tissues are limited in self-repair and regeneration, even though stem cells are present in almost all adult tissues. Historically, 3 classes of stem cells have been defined: embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we have defined a fourth, fully engineered class: the synthetic artificial stem cell (SASC). In this review, we discuss the applications of each of these stem cell classes in musculoskeletal regenerative engineering. We further summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using each of these classes and how they impact the clinical translation of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Shah
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3711, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Debolina Ghosh
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3711, USA
| | - Takayoshi Otsuka
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3711, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3711, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Sen A, Follet H, Sornay-Rendu E, Rémond Y, George D. Prediction of osteoporotic degradation of tibia human bone at trabecular scale. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 139:105650. [PMID: 36657191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical numerical model is proposed to predict patient dependent osteoporotic bone degradation. The model parameters are identified through a particle swarm optimization algorithm and based on individual patient high resolution peripherical quantitative computer tomography (HRpQCT) scan data. The degradation model is based on cellular activity initiated by the elastic strain energy developed in the bone microstructure through patient's body weight. The macro (organ scale) and meso (trabecular scale) scale analyses are carried out and predicted bone volume fraction and microstructure evolution are compared with in-vivo experimental bone degradation for four elderly women over a period of 10 years. A significant correlation (r > 0.9) is observed between the model predictions and in-vivo experiments in all cases with an average deviation error of 1.46%. The model can easily be extended to other patients and provide good predictions for different population categories such as ethnicity, gender, age, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Sen
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ICUBE Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Follet
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR 1033, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Elisabeth Sornay-Rendu
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR 1033, 69008, Lyon, France; Edouard Heriot Hospital, Hospices Civils of Lyon, 69437, Lyon, France
| | - Yves Rémond
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ICUBE Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel George
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ICUBE Laboratory, Strasbourg, France.
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3
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Zaki S, Blaker CL, Little CB. OA foundations - experimental models of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:357-380. [PMID: 34536528 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is increasingly recognised as a disease of diverse phenotypes with variable clinical presentation, progression, and response to therapeutic intervention. This same diversity is readily apparent in the many animal models of OA. However, model selection, study design, and interpretation of resultant findings, are not routinely done in the context of the target human (or veterinary) patient OA sub-population or phenotype. This review discusses the selection and use of animal models of OA in discovery and therapeutic-development research. Beyond evaluation of the different animal models on offer, this review suggests focussing the approach to OA-animal model selection on study objective(s), alignment of available models with OA-patient sub-types, and the resources available to achieve valid and translatable results. How this approach impacts model selection is discussed and an experimental design checklist for selecting the optimal model(s) is proposed. This approach should act as a guide to new researchers and a reminder to those already in the field, as to issues that need to be considered before embarking on in vivo pre-clinical research. The ultimate purpose of using an OA animal model is to provide the best possible evidence if, how, when and where a molecule, pathway, cell or process is important in clinical disease. By definition this requires both model and study outcomes to align with and be predictive of outcomes in patients. Keeping this at the forefront of research using pre-clinical OA models, will go a long way to improving the quality of evidence and its translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zaki
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Australia; Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Australia.
| | - C L Blaker
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Australia; Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, At Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia.
| | - C B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Australia.
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Foreman SC, Liu Y, Nevitt MC, Neumann J, Joseph GB, Lane NE, McCulloch CE, Link TM. Meniscal Root Tears and Extrusion Are Significantly Associated with the Development of Accelerated Knee Osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Cartilage 2021; 13:239S-248S. [PMID: 32567341 PMCID: PMC8808926 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520934525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify joint structural risk factors, measured using quantitative compositional and semiquantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring, associated with the development of accelerated knee osteoarthritis (AKOA) compared with a more normal rate of knee osteoarthritis (OA) development. DESIGN From the Osteoarthritis Initiative we selected knees with no radiographic OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grade [KL] 0/1) that developed advanced-stage OA (KL 3/4; AKOA) within a 4-year timeframe and a comparison group with a more normal rate of OA development (KL 0/1 to KL 2 in 4 years). MRIs at the beginning of the 4-year timeframe were assessed for cartilage T2 values and structural abnormalities using a modified Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS). Associations of MRI findings with AKOA versus normal OA were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS A total of 106 AKOA and 168 subjects with normal OA development were included. Mean cartilage T2 values were not significantly associated with AKOA (odds ratio [OR] 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82-1.36). Risk factors for AKOA development included higher meniscus maximum scores (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.11-1.68), presence of meniscal extrusion (OR 6.30; 95% CI 2.57-15.49), presence of root tears (OR 4.64; 95% CI 1.61-13.34), and higher medial tibia cartilage lesion scores (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.19-3.24). CONCLUSIONS We identified meniscal damage, especially meniscal extrusion and meniscal root tears as risk factors for AKOA development. These findings contribute to identifying subjects at risk of AKOA at an early stage when preventative measures targeting modifiable risk factors such as meniscal repair surgery could still be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Foreman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Radiology, Technische
Universität München, Munich, Germany,Sarah C. Foreman, Department of Radiology
and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 185 Berry
Street, Lobby 6, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA.
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael C. Nevitt
- Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jan Neumann
- Department of Radiology, Technische
Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabby B. Joseph
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nancy E. Lane
- Department of Medicine, University of
California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles E. McCulloch
- Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M. Link
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Pérez-Castrillo S, González-Fernández ML, Álvarez-Suárez J, Sánchez-Lázaro J, Esteban-Blanco M, Gutiérrez-Velasco L, González-Cubero E, Villar-Suárez V. Effect of mesenchymal stem cells combined with chondroitin sulfate in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:5928-5942. [PMID: 34306335 PMCID: PMC8290715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease affecting the whole joint structure. The specific molecules responsible for the inflammatory processes involved in the development of OA have been the focus of many studies. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) constitute a promising cell-based therapy which could be used as an alternative to or in combination with drug therapies. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) plays a protective role in the joint by decreasing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and therefore has an important part in moderating chondrocyte metabolism. The aim of this study is to use an in vitro model of OA to evaluate the combined effectiveness of CS and ASCs as a treatment. We give a detailed discussion of the roles of cytokines and other key molecules involved in OA. In addition, we report the effects of treating inflamed chondrocytes with ASCs and CS on the expression of specific cartilage genes. Findings show that both treatments reduced expression of all genes associated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines we analyzed. However, we saw no increase in the expression of the specific genes encoding for cartilage matrix proteins, such as collagen type II and aggrecan. This study shows the effectiveness of combining ASCs and CS in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Pérez-Castrillo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus de Vegazana, University of Léon-Universidad de LeónLeón 24071, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa González-Fernández
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus de Vegazana, University of Léon-Universidad de LeónLeón 24071, Spain
| | - Jessica Álvarez-Suárez
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus de Vegazana, University of Léon-Universidad de LeónLeón 24071, Spain
| | - Jaime Sánchez-Lázaro
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus de Vegazana, University of León-Universidad de LeónLeón 24071, Spain
| | - Marta Esteban-Blanco
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus de Vegazana, University of Léon-Universidad de LeónLeón 24071, Spain
| | - Laura Gutiérrez-Velasco
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus de Vegazana, University of Léon-Universidad de LeónLeón 24071, Spain
| | - Elsa González-Cubero
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus de Vegazana, University of Léon-Universidad de LeónLeón 24071, Spain
| | - Vega Villar-Suárez
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus de Vegazana, University of Léon-Universidad de LeónLeón 24071, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus de Vegazana, University of León-Universidad de LeónLeón 24071, Spain
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Holzer L, Kraiger M, Talakic E, Fritz G, Avian A, Hofmeister A, Leithner A, Holzer G. Microstructural analysis of subchondral bone in knee osteoarthritis. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:2037-2045. [PMID: 32472294 PMCID: PMC7497490 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The results of this study show increased formation of bone in the subchondral areas in advanced stages of osteoarthritis of the knee. These changes seem to be influenced by mechanical factors. INTRODUCTION Subchondral bone changes seem to contribute to the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to analyze subchondral bone microstructure in specimens of late-stage knee OA in respect to articular cartilage damage, meniscus integrity, and knee joint alignment. METHODS Thirty proximal tibiae of 30 patients (20 female and 10 male) with late-stage OA retrieved during total knee arthroplasty were scanned using a high-resolution micro-computed tomography. The scans were semi-automatically segmented into five volumes of interest. The volumes of interest were then further analyzed using commercially available software. The degree of articular cartilage damage was assessed semi-quantitatively by magnetic resonance imaging before surgery. RESULTS The mean bone fraction volume (bone volume/total volume (BV/TV)) in all weight-bearing locations was significantly higher compared to the non-weight-bearing reference point below the anterior cruciate ligament (p = 0.000). The mean BV/TV in the medial compartment was significantly higher compared to the lateral compartment (p = 0.007). As for the BV/TV in intact menisci, there was a significantly lower subchondral bone fraction volume compared to subluxated or luxated menisci in the medial (p = 0.020) and lateral compartment (p = 0.005). Varus alignment had a significantly higher subchondral BV/TV in the medial compartment, whereas valgus alignment had a significantly higher subchondral BV/TV in the lateral compartment (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The results show significant differences of subchondral bone microstructural parameters in respect to cartilage damage, meniscus' structural integrity, and knee joint alignment. Therefore, subchondral bone changes seem to be a secondary process in the late-stage OA of the knee caused by mechanical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.A. Holzer
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria
- AUVA Trauma Center Klagenfurt, Waidmannsdorfer Straße 35, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - M. Kraiger
- grid.410413.30000 0001 2294 748XInstitute of Medical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - E. Talakic
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Division of General Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - G.A. Fritz
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Division of General Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A. Avian
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A. Hofmeister
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476PreClinical Imaging Group, Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A. Leithner
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - G. Holzer
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Bei M, Tian F, Liu N, Zheng Z, Cao X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Dai M, Zhang L. A Novel Rat Model of Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis Due to Patella Baja, or Low-Lying Patella. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2702-2717. [PMID: 30979862 PMCID: PMC6476235 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patella baja, or patella infera, consists of a low-lying patella that results in a limited range of motion, joint pain, and crepitations. Patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis (PFJOA) is a subtype OA of the knee. This study aimed to develop a reproducible and reliable rat model of PFJOA. Material/Methods Three-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) included a baseline group (n=8) that were euthanized at the beginning of the study. The sham group (n=8), and the patella ligament shortening (PLS) group (n=8) were euthanized and evaluated at ten weeks. The PLS model group (n=8) underwent insertion of a Kirschner wire under the patella tendon to induce patella baja. At ten weeks, the sham group and the PLS group were compared using X-ray imaging, macroscopic appearance, histology, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL staining for apoptosis, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The patella height was determined using the modified Insall-Salvati (MIS) ratio. Results The establishment of the rat model of patella baja in the PLS group at ten weeks was confirmed by X-ray. In the PLS group, patella volume, sagittal length, and cross-sectional area were significantly increased compared with the sham group. The PFJ showed typical lesions of OA, confirmed macroscopically and histologically. Compared with the sham group, in the rat model of PFJOA, there was increased cell apoptosis, and immunohistochemistry showed increased expression of biomarkers of osteoarthritis, compared with the sham group. Conclusions A rat model of PFJOA was developed that was confirmed by changes in cartilage and subchondral bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Bei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Faming Tian
- Meical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xuehui Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- Meical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Yudan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Yaping Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Muwei Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Meitan General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
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8
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Tang Q, Hu ZC, Shen LY, Shang P, Xu HZ, Liu HX. Association of osteoarthritis and circulating adiponectin levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:189. [PMID: 30115130 PMCID: PMC6097292 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the specific relationship between the expression level of circulating adiponectin and osteoarthritis (OA). METHOD Multiple databases were searched to estimate the high quality of studies relevant to adiponectin and OA. We extracted the data from the eligible studies and included them in the meta-analysis using a random effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were further performed to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS Ten articles consisting of thirteen case-control studies that contained a combined total of 1255 subjects. Our results revealed that the OA patients displayed higher adiponectin levels than the healthy controls (SMD = 0.327, 95% CI: 0.11-0.55, P = 0.003). The ethnicity-stratified subgroup analysis indicated that the adiponectin was a sensitive biomarker in both Caucasians (P = 0.021) and Asians (P = 0.037). Moreover, the meta-regression analysis suggested that the sample size (P = 0.03) and nationality (p = 0.01) could account for a part of heterogeneity in our study. CONCLUSION Taken together, the current study indicated that the adiponectin expression levels were higher in the OA patients than in the healthy controls and might be associated with OA prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Li-Yan Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Ping Shang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Hua-Zi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Hai-Xiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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9
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Das Neves Borges P, Vincent TL, Marenzana M. Automated assessment of bone changes in cross-sectional micro-CT studies of murine experimental osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174294. [PMID: 28334010 PMCID: PMC5363908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The degradation of articular cartilage, which characterises osteoarthritis (OA), is usually paired with excessive bone remodelling, including subchondral bone sclerosis, cysts, and osteophyte formation. Experimental models of OA are widely used to investigate pathogenesis, yet few validated methodologies for assessing periarticular bone morphology exist and quantitative measurements are limited by manual segmentation of micro-CT scans. The aim of this work was to chart the temporal changes in periarticular bone in murine OA by novel, automated micro-CT methods. METHODS OA was induced by destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) in 10-week old male mice and disease assessed cross-sectionally from 1- to 20-weeks post-surgery. A novel approach was developed to automatically segment subchondral bone compartments into plate and trabecular bone in micro-CT scans of tibial epiphyses. Osteophyte volume, as assessed by shape differences using 3D image registration, and by measuring total epiphyseal volume was performed. RESULTS Significant linear and volumetric structural modifications in subchondral bone compartments and osteophytes were measured from 4-weeks post-surgery and showed progressive changes at all time points; by 20 weeks, medial subchondral bone plate thickness increased by 160±19.5 μm and the medial osteophyte grew by 0.124±0.028 μm3. Excellent agreement was found when automated measurements were compared with manual assessments. CONCLUSION Our automated methods for assessing bone changes in murine periarticular bone are rapid, quantitative, and highly accurate, and promise to be a useful tool in future preclinical studies of OA progression and treatment. The current approaches were developed specifically for cross-sectional micro-CT studies but could be applied to longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tonia L. Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Marenzana
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
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10
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Lu W, Shi J, Zhang J, Lv Z, Guo F, Huang H, Zhu W, Chen A. CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis Regulates Aggrecanase Activation and Cartilage Degradation in a Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101522. [PMID: 27690009 PMCID: PMC5085615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4) axis in aggrecanase-mediated cartilage degradation, and explored the underlying mechanism in a post-traumatic osteoarthritis rat model. Expression of CXCL12/CXCR4 and ADAMTS-5 was analyzed in the knees of osteoarthritic and non-arthritic rats using Western blot, ELISA, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Rodent studies were performed using Sprague-Dawley rats, with animals divided into three groups: Destabilization of the medial meniscus/AMD3100-treated (DMM/AMD3100-treated), DMM/PBS-treated, and sham controls. Rats were sacrificed after eight weeks, and samples were collected for histology and immunohistochemistry analyses. IL-1-pretreated primary chondrocytes were cultured with untreated control, CXCL12a, siNC + CXCL12a, or siRNA CXCR4 + CXCL12a, and analyzed for expression of relevant markers and cellular pathways. Higher levels of CXCL12 were detected in the knee fluid of osteoarthritic subjects, with strong staining for CXCR4 in chondrocytes and CXCL12 in synoviocytes together with enhanced expression of ADAMTS-5. DMM/AMD3100-treated rats showed a significantly reduced immunological response, with minimal evidence of pathology in both histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Treatment with CXCL12a increased the expression of ACAN, RUNX-2, and ADAMTS-4/5 in IL-1-pretreated primary chondrocytes, together with a decrease in the expression of SOX-9. Molecular analyses revealed strong induction of NF-κB activation, along with phosphorylation of MAPKs, and activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, inhibition of SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling axis was able to inhibit aggrecanase expression and lessen cartilage degeneration in post-traumatic osteoarthritis rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zhengtao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Fengjing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Anmin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Kour S, Garimella MG, Shiroor DA, Mhaske ST, Joshi SR, Singh K, Pal S, Mittal M, Krishnan HB, Chattopadhyay N, Ulemale AH, Wani MR. IL-3 Decreases Cartilage Degeneration by Downregulating Matrix Metalloproteinases and Reduces Joint Destruction in Osteoarthritic Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:5024-35. [PMID: 27183574 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease of articular joints that leads to degeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone. These degenerative changes are further aggravated by proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and TNF-α. Previously, we have reported that IL-3, a cytokine secreted by activated T cells, protects cartilage and bone damage in murine models of inflammatory and rheumatoid arthritis. However, how IL-3 protects cartilage degeneration is not yet known. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-3 on cartilage degeneration under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. We found that both mouse and human chondrocytes show strong expression of IL-3R at gene and protein levels. IL-3 increases the expression of mouse chondrocyte-specific genes, Sox9 and collagen type IIa, which were downregulated by IL-1β. Moreover, IL-3 downregulated IL-1β- and TNF-α-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases in both mouse and human chondrocytes. Interestingly, IL-3 reduces the degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone microarchitecture in a mouse model of human OA. Moreover, IL-3 showed the preventive and therapeutic effects on cartilage degeneration induced by IL-1β in micromass pellet cultures of human mesenchymal stem cells. Thus, to our knowledge, we provide the first evidence that IL-3 has therapeutic potential in amelioration of degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone microarchitecture associated with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supinder Kour
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Manasa G Garimella
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Divya A Shiroor
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal 412801, Satara, India
| | - Suhas T Mhaske
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Snehal R Joshi
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Kanupriya Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; and
| | - Monika Mittal
- Division of Endocrinology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; and
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; and
| | - Anil H Ulemale
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal 412801, Satara, India
| | - Mohan R Wani
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India;
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12
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Bruyère O, Cooper C, Arden N, Branco J, Brandi ML, Herrero-Beaumont G, Berenbaum F, Dennison E, Devogelaer JP, Hochberg M, Kanis J, Laslop A, McAlindon T, Reiter S, Richette P, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY. Can we identify patients with high risk of osteoarthritis progression who will respond to treatment? A focus on epidemiology and phenotype of osteoarthritis. Drugs Aging 2016; 32:179-87. [PMID: 25701074 PMCID: PMC4366553 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-015-0243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a syndrome affecting a variety of patient profiles. A European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis and the European Union Geriatric Medicine Society working meeting explored the possibility of identifying different patient profiles in osteoarthritis. The risk factors for the development of osteoarthritis include systemic factors (e.g., age, sex, obesity, genetics, race, and bone density) and local biomechanical factors (e.g., obesity, sport, joint injury, and muscle weakness); most also predict disease progression, particularly joint injury, malalignment, and synovitis/effusion. The characterization of patient profiles should help to better orientate research, facilitate trial design, and define which patients are the most likely to benefit from treatment. There are a number of profile candidates. Generalized, polyarticular osteoarthritis and local, monoarticular osteoarthritis appear to be two different profiles; the former is a feature of osteoarthritis co-morbid with inflammation or the metabolic syndrome, while the latter is more typical of post-trauma osteoarthritis, especially in cases with severe malalignment. Other biomechanical factors may also define profiles, such as joint malalignment, loss of meniscal function, and ligament injury. Early- and late-stage osteoarthritis appear as separate profiles, notably in terms of treatment response. Finally, there is evidence that there are two separate profiles related to lesions in the subchondral bone, which may determine benefit from bone-active treatments. Decisions on appropriate therapy should be made considering clinical presentation, underlying pathophysiology, and stage of disease. Identification of patient profiles may lead to more personalized healthcare, with more targeted treatment for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bruyère
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium,
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13
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Favero M, Giusti A, Geusens P, Goldring SR, Lems W, Schett G, Bianchi G. OsteoRheumatology: a new discipline? RMD Open 2015; 1:e000083. [PMID: 26557384 PMCID: PMC4632147 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarises recent evidence about the interaction between bone, the immune system and cartilage in disabling conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis. These topics have been recently discussed at the ‘OsteoRheumatology’ conference held in Genoa in October 2014. The meeting, at its 10th edition, has been conceived to bring together distinguished international experts in the fields of rheumatic and metabolic bone diseases with the aim of discussing emerging knowledge regarding the role of the bone tissue in rheumatic diseases. Moreover, this review focuses on new treatments based on underlying the pathophysiological processes in rheumatic diseases. Although, a number of issues still remain to be clarified, it seems quite clear that in clinical practice, as well as in basic and translational research, there is a need for more knowledge of the interactions between the cartilage, the immune system and the bone. In this context, ‘OsteoRheumatology’ represents a potential new discipline providing a greater insight into this interplay, in order to face the multifactorial and complex issues underlying common and disabling rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Favero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED , University Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy ; Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration/RAMSES , Rizzoli Orthopedic Research Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Andrea Giusti
- Bone Clinic, Department of Gerontology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , Galliera Hospital , Genoa , Italy
| | - Piet Geusens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Subdivision of Rheumatology , CAPHRI/NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , The Netherlands & UHasselt, Belgium
| | - Steven R Goldring
- Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York , USA
| | - Willem Lems
- Department of Rheumatology , VU Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 , University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Gerolamo Bianchi
- Department of Locomotor System, Division of Rheumatology , ASL3 Genovese , Genoa , Italy
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Pest MA, Russell BA, Zhang YW, Jeong JW, Beier F. Disturbed cartilage and joint homeostasis resulting from a loss of mitogen-inducible gene 6 in a mouse model of joint dysfunction. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:2816-27. [PMID: 24966136 DOI: 10.1002/art.38758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG-6) regulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in synovial joint tissues. Whole-body knockout of the Mig6 gene in mice has been shown to induce osteoarthritis and joint degeneration. To evaluate the role of chondrocytes in this process, Mig6 was conditionally deleted from Col2a1-expressing cell types in the cartilage of mice. METHODS Bone and cartilage in the synovial joints of cartilage-specific Mig6-deleted (knockout [KO]) mice and control littermates were compared. Histologic staining and immunohistochemical analyses were used to evaluate joint pathology as well as the expression of key extracellular matrix and regulatory proteins. Calcified tissue in synovial joints was assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and whole-skeleton staining. RESULTS Formation of long bones was found to be normal in KO animals. Cartilage thickness and proteoglycan staining of articular cartilage in the knee joints of 12-week-old KO mice were increased as compared to controls, with higher cellularity throughout the tissue. Radiopaque chondro-osseous nodules appeared in the knees of KO animals by 12 weeks of age and progressed to calcified bone-like tissue by 36 weeks of age. Nodules were also observed in the spine of 36-week-old animals. Erosion of bone at ligament entheses was evident by 12 weeks of age, by both histologic and micro-CT assessment. CONCLUSION MIG-6 expression in chondrocytes is important for the maintenance of cartilage and joint homeostasis. Dysregulation of EGFR signaling in chondrocytes results in anabolic activity in cartilage, but erosion of ligament entheses and the formation of ectopic chondro-osseous nodules severely disturb joint physiology.
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15
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Mero A, Campisi M, Favero M, Barbera C, Secchieri C, Dayer JM, Goldring MB, Goldring SR, Pasut G. A hyaluronic acid-salmon calcitonin conjugate for the local treatment of osteoarthritis: chondro-protective effect in a rabbit model of early OA. J Control Release 2014; 187:30-8. [PMID: 24837189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by chronic degeneration of joints, involving mainly the articular cartilage and the underlying bone, and severely impairing the quality of life of the patient. Although with limited efficacy, currently available pharmacological treatments for OA aim to control pain and to retard disease progression. Salmon calcitonin (sCT) is a drug which has been shown to have therapeutic effects in experimental arthritis by inhibiting both bone turnover and cartilage degradation and reducing the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). High molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) is used as a lubricant in OA therapy, and, interestingly, HA polymers may normalize the levels of MMP-1, -3 and -13. We demonstrated that sCT rapidly clears from the knee joint of rat animal model, after intra-articular (i.a.) administration, and it induces systemic effects. Here, sCT was conjugated to HA (200kDa) with the aim of prolonging the residence time of the polypeptide in the joint space by reducing its clearance. An aldehyde derivative of HA was used for N-terminal site-selective coupling of sCT. The activity of sCT was preserved, both in vitro and in vivo, after its conjugation and the i.a. injection of HA-sCT did not trigger any systemic effects in rats. The efficacy of HA-sCT treatment was tested in a rabbit OA model and clear chondro-protective effect was proven by macro- and microscopic assessments and histological findings. Our results indicate that HAylation of sCT increases the size of the polypeptide in a stable covalent manner and delays its passage into the blood stream. We conclude that HA conjugation prolongs the anti-catabolic effects of sCT in joint tissues, including the synovial membrane and cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mero
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Campisi
- Fidia Farmaceutici, Via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, 35031 Abano Terme, Italy
| | - Marta Favero
- Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbera
- Fidia Farmaceutici, Via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, 35031 Abano Terme, Italy
| | - Cynthia Secchieri
- Fidia Farmaceutici, Via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, 35031 Abano Terme, Italy
| | - Jean M Dayer
- Faculty of Medicine, CMU, 1, rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mary B Goldring
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, 10021, USA; Laboratory for Cartilage Biology, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Steven R Goldring
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, 10021, USA
| | - Gianfranco Pasut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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16
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Karsdal MA, Bay-Jensen AC, Lories RJ, Abramson S, Spector T, Pastoureau P, Christiansen C, Attur M, Henriksen K, Goldring SR, Kraus V. The coupling of bone and cartilage turnover in osteoarthritis: opportunities for bone antiresorptives and anabolics as potential treatments? Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 73:336-48. [PMID: 24285494 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritic disease, and a major cause of disability and impaired quality of life in the elderly. OA is a complex disease of the entire joint, affecting bone, cartilage and synovium that thereby presents multiple targets for treatment. This manuscript will summarise emerging observations from cell biology, preclinical and preliminary clinical trials that elucidate interactions between the bone and cartilage components in particular. Bone and cartilage health are tightly associated. Ample evidence has been found for bone changes during progression of OA including, but not limited to, increased turnover in the subchondral bone, undermineralisation of the trabecular structure, osteophyte formation, bone marrow lesions and sclerosis of the subchondral plate. Meanwhile, a range of investigations has shown positive effects on cartilage health when bone resorption is suppressed, or deterioration of the cartilage when resorption is increased. Known bone therapies, namely oestrogens, selective oestrogen receptor modifiers (SERMs), bisphosphonates, strontium ranelate, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone, might prove useful for treating two critical tissue components of the OA joint, the bone and the cartilage. An optimal treatment for OA likely targets at least these two tissue components. The patient subgroups for whom these therapies are most appropriate have yet to be fully defined but would likely include, at a minimum, those with high bone turnover.
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17
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Roman-Blas JA, Castañeda S, Largo R, Lems WF, Herrero-Beaumont G. An OA phenotype may obtain major benefit from bone-acting agents. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013; 43:421-8. [PMID: 24016748 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) joints display relevant microstructure alterations associated to an increase in remodeling at subchondral bone, which supports its crucial role in OA pathogenesis. Despite this, the treatment of knee OA patients with antiresorptive drugs has given discordant results, suggesting the existence of a particular patient subset with good response to halting high subchondral remodeling. OBJECTIVE To identify an OA phenotype that may obtain major benefit from therapy with bone-acting agents. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching the Medline and PubMed databases from 1990 to April 2013 using the following keywords: subchondral bone, articular cartilage, and osteoarthritis in various combinations with bone agents, bone mineral density, and scintigraphy. RESULTS Early animal and human studies provided the rationale for the beneficial use of bone agents on OA cartilage damage. Several bone-acting agents have reduced low back pain and likely spondylosis progression. Recently, strontium ranelate has been reported to exert both structural and clinical benefits in knee OA patients with radiological progression. However, other antiresorptives have shown divergent results. Human studies suggest that these contradictory results may be due to the lack of well-defined OA phenotypes and an accurate methodology to recruit and follow up these patients. CONCLUSIONS A particular subset of postmenopausal patients with high remodeling and/or low subchondral bone density may benefit from the treatment with bone-acting agents hindering OA progression. This OA population could be identified with the simultaneous use of subchondral bone dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and scintigraphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Roman-Blas
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Willem F Lems
- Department of Rheumatology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kraus VB, Feng S, Wang S, White S, Ainslie M, Graverand MPHL, Brett A, Eckstein F, Hunter DJ, Lane NE, Taljanovic MS, Schnitzer T, Charles HC. Subchondral bone trabecular integrity predicts and changes concurrently with radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging-determined knee osteoarthritis progression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1812-1821. [PMID: 23576116 DOI: 10.1002/art.37970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate subchondral bone trabecular integrity (BTI) on radiographs as a predictor of knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression. METHODS Longitudinal (baseline, 12-month, and 24-month) knee radiographs were available for 60 female subjects with knee OA. OA progression was defined by 12- and 24-month changes in radiographic medial compartment minimal joint space width (JSW) and medial joint space area (JSA), and by medial tibial and femoral cartilage volume on magnetic resonance imaging. BTI of the medial tibial plateau was analyzed by fractal signature analysis using commercially available software. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for BTI were used to predict a 5% change in OA progression parameters. RESULTS Individual terms (linear and quadratic) of baseline BTI of vertical trabeculae predicted knee OA progression based on 12- and 24-month changes in JSA (P < 0.01 for 24 months), 24-month change in tibial (P < 0.05), but not femoral, cartilage volume, and 24-month change in JSW (P = 0.05). ROC curves using both terms of baseline BTI predicted a 5% change in the following OA progression parameters over 24 months with high accuracy, as reflected by the area under the curve measures: JSW 81%, JSA 85%, tibial cartilage volume 75%, and femoral cartilage volume 85%. Change in BTI was also significantly associated (P < 0.05) with concurrent change in JSA over 12 and 24 months and with change in tibial cartilage volume over 24 months. CONCLUSION BTI predicts structural OA progression as determined by radiographic and MRI outcomes. BTI may therefore be worthy of study as an outcome measure for OA studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheng Feng
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - ShengChu Wang
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Scott White
- Duke Image Analysis Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Maureen Ainslie
- Duke Image Analysis Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | | | - Alan Brett
- Optasia Medical, Manchester, UK and current employee of Mindways Software, Inc
| | - Felix Eckstein
- Institute of Anatomy & Musculoskeletal Research, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria & Chondrometrics GmbH, Ainring, Germany
| | - David J Hunter
- New England Baptist Hospital, Boston, MA and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nancy E Lane
- University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | | | | | - H Cecil Charles
- Duke Image Analysis Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
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Abstract
Beneficial effects of bone-acting drugs in osteoarthritis (OA) are increasingly reported, but reliable conclusions regarding their efficacy are hindered by methodological drawbacks in study design. Identifying patients with osteoporotic OA, a phenotype defined by decreased density associated with high remodelling in subchondral bone, might improve the success of bone-directed agents.
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In vivo quantitative ultrasound image analysis of femoral subchondral bone in knee osteoarthritis. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:182562. [PMID: 23781150 PMCID: PMC3678463 DOI: 10.1155/2013/182562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential of quantitative noninvasive knee ultrasonography (US) for detecting changes in femoral subchondral bone related to knee osteoarthritis (OA) was investigated. Thirty-nine patients referred to a knee arthroscopy underwent dynamic noninvasive US examination of the knee joint. The subchondral bone was semiautomatically segmented from representative US images of femoral medial and lateral condyles and intercondylar notch area. Subsequently, the normalized mean gray-level intensity profile, starting from the cartilage-bone interface and extending to the subchondral bone depth of -1.7 mm, was calculated. The obtained profile was divided into 5 depth levels and the mean of each level, as well as the slope of the profile within the first two levels, was calculated. The US quantitative data were compared with the arthroscopic Noyes' grading and radiographic Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading. Qualitatively, an increase in relative subchondral bone US gray-level values was observed as OA progressed. Statistically significant correlations were observed between normalized US mean intensity or intensity slope especially in subchondral bone depth level 2 and K-L grading (r = 0.600, P < 0.001; r = 0.486, P = 0.006, resp.) or femoral arthroscopic scoring (r = 0.332, P = 0.039; r = 0.335, P = 0.037, resp.). This novel quantitative noninvasive US analysis technique is promising for detection of femoral subchondral bone changes in knee OA.
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Badawi AA, El-Laithy HM, Nesseem DI, El-Husseney SS. Pharmaceutical and medical aspects of hyaluronic acid–ketorolac combination therapy in osteoarthritis treatment: radiographic imaging and bone mineral density. J Drug Target 2013; 21:551-63. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.776054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Maintaining mRNA integrity during decalcification of mineralized tissues. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58154. [PMID: 23505463 PMCID: PMC3591421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization of the extracellular matrix occurs inappropriately in numerous pathological conditions such as cancer and vascular disease, but during normal mammalian development calcification is restricted to the formation of the skeleton and dentition. The comprehensive study of gene expression in mineralized skeletal tissues has been compromized by the traditional decalcification/fixation methods that result in significant mRNA degradation. In this study we developed a novel RNAlater/EDTA decalcification method that protects the integrity of the mRNA in mature mouse tibial epiphyses. Furthermore, this method preserves the tissue structure to allow histological sectioning and microdissection to determine region-specific gene expression, in addition to immuno- and in situ histology. This method will be widely applicable to the molecular analysis of calcified tissues in various pathological conditions, and will be of particular importance in dissection of the gene expression in mouse bone and joint tissues during development and in important clinical conditions such as arthritis.
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McCoy SY, Falgowski KA, Srinivasan PP, Thompson WR, Selva EM, Kirn-Safran CB. Serum xylosyltransferase 1 level increases during early posttraumatic osteoarthritis in mice with high bone forming potential. Bone 2012; 51:224-31. [PMID: 22146554 PMCID: PMC3319505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increased proteoglycan (PG) synthesis is essential for the stimulation of cartilage repair processes that take place during the reversible phase of osteoarthritis (OA). In articular cartilage, xylosyltransferase 1 (Xylt1) is the key enzyme that initiates glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain synthesis by transferring the first sugar residue to the PG core protein. Biological activity of PGs is closely linked to GAG biosynthesis since their polyanionic nature directly contributes to the proper hydration and elastic properties of the cartilage tissue present at the articular interface. The aim of this study was to investigate whether variations in the level of Xylt1 present in serum can be used to predict OA disease progression. The influence of bone forming activity on the systemic release of this enzyme was addressed by experimentally-inducing OA in mice of two different genetic backgrounds that were previously characterized for their distinct bone metabolism: C57BL/6J (B6, high bone remodelers) or C3H/HeJ (C3H, high bone formers). Serum was collected after medial meniscectomy or sham surgeries in young adult mice of these two strains over a period of 3.5months at which point knee histopathology was assessed. A significant increase in serum Xylt1 levels observed shortly after meniscectomy positively correlated with severe cartilage damage evaluated by histological assessment at later time points in mice of the C3H background. In contrast, no temporal regulation of Xylt1 level was found between meniscectomies and control surgeries in B6 mice, which developed OA at a slower rate. Additionally, longitudinal evaluation of the serum levels of other markers of cartilage/bone metabolism (C1,2C, osteocalcin) did not reveal any association with late knee damages. Our results strongly support the idea that serum Xylt1 has a clinical value for monitoring risk of OA progression in young adults with high bone forming potential. Ultimately, the understanding of posttraumatic mechanisms regulating PG synthesis and their modification by GAG will be essential so that interventions that stimulate cartilage regrowth can be undertaken prior to irreversible destruction of the joint tissue. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Osteoarthritis".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Y. McCoy
- University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, DE
| | | | | | | | - Erica M. Selva
- University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, DE
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Madry H, Luyten FP, Facchini A. Biological aspects of early osteoarthritis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012; 20:407-22. [PMID: 22009557 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-011-1705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early OA primarily affects articular cartilage and involves the entire joint, including the subchondral bone, synovial membrane, menisci and periarticular structures. The aim of this review is to highlight the molecular basis and histopathological features of early OA. METHODS Selective review of literature. RESULTS Risk factors for developing early OA include, but are not limited to, a genetic predisposition, mechanical factors such as axial malalignment, and aging. In early OA, the articular cartilage surface is progressively becoming discontinuous, showing fibrillation and vertical fissures that extend not deeper than into the mid-zone of the articular cartilage, reflective of OARSI grades 1.0-3.0. Early changes in the subchondral bone comprise a progressive increase in subchondral plate and subarticular spongiosa thickness. Early OA affects not only the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone but also other structures of the joint, such as the menisci, the synovial membrane, the joint capsule, ligaments, muscles and the infrapatellar fat pad. Genetic markers or marker combinations may become useful in the future to identify early OA and patients at risk. CONCLUSION The high socioeconomic impact of OA suggests that a better insight into the mechanisms of early OA may be a key to develop more targeted reconstructive therapies at this first stage of the disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Systematic review, Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Madry
- Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Kirrbergerstrasse, Building 37, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Gabay
- Cartilage Biology and Orthopedics Branch, Cartilage Molecular Genetics Group, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, NIAMS, NIH, Bldg 50, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Roberts S, Genever P, McCaskie A, De Bari C. Prospects of stem cell therapy in osteoarthritis. Regen Med 2011; 6:351-66. [PMID: 21548740 DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common disorder in which there is not only extensive degeneration but also an aberrant attempt at repair in joints. Stem cell therapy could provide a permanent, biological solution, with all sources of stem cells (embryonic, fetal and adult) showing some degree of potential. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, however, appear to be the leading candidates because of their ability to be sourced from many or all joint tissues. They may also modulate the immune response of individuals, in a manner influenced by local factors. This biological behavior of stem cells renders the application of regulatory standardizations challenging in comparison to pharmaceutical therapies. However, this would not be an issue if endogenous stem cells were activated to effect repair of an arthritic joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Roberts
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Arthritis Research UK, UK.
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Bellido M, Lugo L, Roman-Blas JA, Castañeda S, Calvo E, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G. Improving subchondral bone integrity reduces progression of cartilage damage in experimental osteoarthritis preceded by osteoporosis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:1228-36. [PMID: 21820069 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Impairment of subchondral bone density and quality aggravates cartilage damage in osteoarthritis (OA). Accordingly, we assessed whether improving microstructure and quality at subchondral bone by the bone-forming agent parathyroid hormone (PTH) [1-34] prevent cartilage damage progression in a rabbit model of OA preceded by osteoporosis (OP). METHODS OP was induced in 20 female rabbits. At week 7, these rabbits underwent knee surgery to induce OA and, at week 12, they started either saline vehicle (n=10) or PTH (n=10) for 10 weeks. Ten healthy animals were used as controls. At week 22, microstructure was assessed by micro-computed tomography and bone remodelling by protein expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) at subchondral bone. Cartilage damage was evaluated using Mankin score. RESULTS PTH reversed the decrease of bone area/tissue area, trabecular thickness, plate thickness, polar moment of inertia, ALP expression and OPG/RANKL ratio, as well as counteracted the increase of fractal dimension and MMP9 expression at subchondral bone of osteoarthritis preceded by osteoporosis (OPOA) rabbits compared to vehicle administration (P<0.05). Likewise, PTH decreased cartilage damage severity in OPOA rabbits. Good correlations were observed between subchondral bone structure or remodelling parameters, and cartilage Mankin score. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of microstructural and remodelling parameters at subchondral bone by PTH [1-34] contributed to prevent cartilage damage progression in rabbits with early OPOA. These findings support the role of subchondral bone in OA. Further studies are warranted to establish the place of bone-forming agents as potential treatment in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bellido
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease, but neither preventive measures nor disease-modifying drugs are available and a continuing need exists for safe and effective symptom-modifying therapies. Clinical trials of candidate disease-modifying OA drugs in patients with established or advanced disease have not demonstrated their efficacy, but these failed trials have motivated investigation into the mechanisms that maintain joint health. The enhancement of such mechanisms could be a novel approach to reducing the risk of OA. Aging is one of the most important risk factors for OA; however, aging of joint cartilage is a process that is distinct from the subsequent cartilage changes that develop following the onset of OA. This Review focuses on the mechanisms that maintain cell and tissue homeostasis, and how these mechanisms fail during the aging process. Autophagy is a cellular homeostasis mechanism for the removal of dysfunctional organelles and macromolecules. Defective autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of aging-related diseases and recent observations indicate that this process is compromised in aging cartilage. Augmentation of homeostasis mechanisms is discussed as a novel avenue to delay joint aging and reduce OA risk.
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Melville DB, Montero-Balaguer M, Levic DS, Bradley K, Smith JR, Hatzopoulos AK, Knapik EW. The feelgood mutation in zebrafish dysregulates COPII-dependent secretion of select extracellular matrix proteins in skeletal morphogenesis. Dis Model Mech 2011; 4:763-76. [PMID: 21729877 PMCID: PMC3209646 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.007625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial and skeletal dysmorphologies account for the majority of birth defects. A number of the disease phenotypes have been attributed to abnormal synthesis, maintenance and composition of extracellular matrix (ECM), yet the molecular and cellular mechanisms causing these ECM defects remain poorly understood. The zebrafish feelgood mutant manifests a severely malformed head skeleton and shortened body length due to defects in the maturation stage of chondrocyte development. In vivo analyses reveal a backlog of type II and type IV collagens in rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) similar to those found in coat protein II complex (COPII)-deficient cells. The feelgood mutation hinders collagen deposition in the ECM, but trafficking of small cargos and other large ECM proteins such as laminin to the extracellular space is unaffected. We demonstrate that the zebrafish feelgood mutation causes a single amino acid substitution within the DNA-binding domain of transcription factor Creb3l2. We show that Creb3l2 selectively regulates the expression of genes encoding distinct COPII proteins (sec23a, sec23b and sec24d) but find no evidence for its regulation of sec24c expression. Moreover, we did not detect activation of ER stress response genes despite intracellular accumulation of collagen and prominent skeletal defects. Promoter trans-activation assays show that the Creb3l2 feelgood variant is a hypomorphic allele that retains approximately 50% of its transcriptional activity. Transgenic rescue experiments of the feelgood phenotype restore craniofacial development, illustrating that a precise level of Creb3l2 transcriptional activity is essential for skeletogenesis. Our results indicate that Creb3l2 modulates the availability of COPII machinery in a tissue- and cargo-specific manner. These findings could lead to a better understanding of the etiology of human craniofacial and skeletal birth defects as well as adult-onset diseases that are linked to dysregulated ECM deposition, such as arthritis, fibrosis or osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Melville
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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