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Vasileva E, Stankova T, Batalov K, Staynova R, Nonchev B, Bivolarska A, Karalilova R. Association of serum and synovial adipokines (chemerin and resistin) with inflammatory markers and ultrasonographic evaluation scores in patients with knee joint osteoarthritis- a pilot study. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:1997-2005. [PMID: 39180525 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-024-05672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Chemerin and resistin are adipokines studied as potential markers for early diagnosis and disease severity in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations serum and synovial levels of chemerin and resistin with inflammatory parameters and ultrasonographic scores (US) in KOA individuals. Serum was collected from 28 patients with KOA and synovial fluid was obtained from 16 of them. Another 31 age and sex matched cases with no joint disease were included as healthy controls. Concentrations of chemerin, resistin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined with ELISA. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, serum uric acid (UA) were measured in the patients group. Participants with KOA underwent US assessment using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) scores. Patients with KOA had statistically significant higher level of serum resistin than healthy controls [11.05 (3.78-24.13) ng/mL and 7.23 (3.83-12.19) respectively, p < 0.001]. A strong correlation was found between serum chemerin and ESR (r = 0.434, p = 0.021), uric acid (r = 0.573, p = 0.001) as well as the US (r=-0.872, p < 0.001). Serum resistin demonstrated significant association with TNF-alpha (r = 0.398, p = 0.044). In conclusion, both chemerin and resistin might contribute to inflammatory changes associated with KOA. Further studies are needed to elucidate their potential role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Vasileva
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria.
| | - Teodora Stankova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Konstantin Batalov
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital "Kaspela", Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Radiana Staynova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Boyan Nonchev
- Clinic of Endocrinology and metabolic diseases, University Hospital "Kaspela", Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Karalilova
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov blvd., Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital "Kaspela", Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Sampath SJP, Venkatesan V, Ghosh S, Kotikalapudi N. Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Osteoarthritis-An Updated Review. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:308-331. [PMID: 37578613 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic syndrome (MetS), also called the 'deadly quartet' comprising obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, has been ascertained to have a causal role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). This review is aimed at discussing the current knowledge on the contribution of metabolic syndrome and its various components to OA pathogenesis and progression. RECENT FINDINGS Lately, an increased association identified between the various components of metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) with OA has led to the identification of the 'metabolic phenotype' of OA. These metabolic perturbations alongside low-grade systemic inflammation have been identified to inflict detrimental effects upon multiple tissues of the joint including cartilage, bone, and synovium leading to complete joint failure in OA. Recent epidemiological and clinical findings affirm that adipokines significantly contribute to inflammation, tissue degradation, and OA pathogenesis mediated through multiple signaling pathways. OA is no longer perceived as just a 'wear and tear' disease and the involvement of the metabolic components in OA pathogenesis adds up to the complexity of the disease. Given the global surge in obesity and its allied metabolic perturbations, this review aims to throw light on the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of MetS-associated OA and the need to address MetS in the context of metabolic OA management. Better regulation of the constituent factors of MetS could be profitable in preventing MetS-associated OA. The identification of key roles for several metabolic regulators in OA pathogenesis has also opened up newer avenues in the recognition and development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Joshua Pragasam Sampath
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
- Molecular Biology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
| | | | - Sudip Ghosh
- Molecular Biology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Nagasuryaprasad Kotikalapudi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Chwastek J, Kędziora M, Borczyk M, Korostyński M, Starowicz K. Inflammation-Driven Secretion Potential Is Upregulated in Osteoarthritic Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911817. [PMID: 36233118 PMCID: PMC9570304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint pathologies and a major cause of disability among the population of developed countries. It manifests as a gradual degeneration of the cartilage and subchondral part of the bone, leading to joint damage. Recent studies indicate that not only the cells that make up the articular cartilage but also the synoviocytes, which build the membrane surrounding the joint, contribute to the development of OA. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the response to inflammatory factors of osteoarthritic synoviocytes and to identify proteins secreted by them that may influence the progression of OA. This study demonstrated that fibroblast-like synoviocytes of OA patients (FLS-OA) respond more strongly to pro-inflammatory stimulation than cells obtained from control patients (FLS). These changes were observed at the transcriptome level and subsequently confirmed by protein analysis. FLS-OA stimulated by pro-inflammatory factors [such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were shown to secrete significantly more chemokines (CXCL6, CXCL10, and CXCL16) and growth factors [angiopoietin-like protein 1 (ANGPTL1), fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5), and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2)] than control cells. Moreover, the translation of proteolytic enzymes [matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP3), cathepsin K (CTSK), and cathepsin S (CTSS)] by FLS-OA is increased under inflammatory conditions. Our data indicate that the FLS of OA patients are functionally altered, resulting in an enhanced response to the presence of pro-inflammatory factors in the environment, manifested by the increased production of the previously mentioned proteins, which may promote further disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Chwastek
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Kędziora
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Borczyk
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Korostyński
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Al-Shaer AE, Pal A, Shaikh SR. Resolvin E1-ChemR23 Axis Regulates the Hepatic Metabolic and Inflammatory Transcriptional Landscape in Obesity at the Whole Genome and Exon Level. Front Nutr 2022; 8:799492. [PMID: 35004828 PMCID: PMC8740313 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.799492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolvin E1 (RvE1) is an immunoresolvent that is synthesized from eicosapentaenoic acid and can bind the receptor ERV1/ChemR23. We previously showed activation of the RvE1-ChemR23 axis improves hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia of obese mice; however, it remains unclear how RvE1 controls glucose homeostasis. Here we investigated hepatic metabolic and inflammatory transcriptional targets of the RvE1-ChemR23 axis using lean and obese wild type (WT) and ChemR23 knockout (KO) mice. We conducted an in-depth transcriptional study by preforming whole gene-level and exon-level analyses, which provide insight into alternative splicing variants and miRNA regulation. Compared to controls, WT and KO obese mice in the absence of RvE1 displayed similar gene-level profiles, which entailed dysregulated pathways related to glucose homeostasis. Notably, obese WT mice relative to lean controls showed a robust decrease in pathways related to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. At the exon-level, obese ChemR23 KOs compared to obese WT mice displayed changes in pathways related to hepatic lipid transport, cholesterol metabolism, and immunological functions such as complement cascades and platelet activation. Importantly, upon RvE1 administration to WT obese mice, we discovered upregulated genes in pathways relating to insulin sensitivity and downregulated genes related to regulators of TGF-β signaling. This transcriptional profile was generally not recapitulated with obese ChemR23 KO mice administered RvE1. Collectively, gene and exon-level analyses suggest RvE1 controls the hepatic transcriptional profile related to glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation in a manner that is largely dependent on ChemR23. These studies will drive future mechanistic experiments on the RvE1-ChemR23 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar E Al-Shaer
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Anandita Pal
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Functional disability is related to serum chemerin levels in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8360. [PMID: 33863926 PMCID: PMC8052358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines, especially chemerin, can interact with cytokines and other molecules in inflammation. To date, there is insufficient information regarding a possible correlation between functional disability and chemerin and other pro-inflammatory molecules in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To identify the association of functional disability with serum chemerin and other pro-inflammatory molecules, including other adipokines, cytokines and E-selectin, in patients with RA. Cross-sectional study. Assessment: disease activity (DAS28-ESR) and functional disability (HAQ-DI). We compared the adipokines (chemerin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin), cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18) and E-selectin levels between RA with functional disability and RA non-disabled patients. Of 82 patients with RA, 43 (52%) had functional disability. The RA with functional disability group had higher chemerin (140 vs. 112 ng/mL, p = 0.007) than the non-disabled RA group. Chemerin correlated with the HAQ-DI (rho = 0.27, p = 0.02) and DAS28-ESR (rho = 0.21, p = 0.05). Severe activity correlated with IL-6 (rho = 0.33, p = 0.003) and E-selectin (rho = 0.23, p = 0.03) but not with disability. No other pro-inflammatory molecules correlated with HAQ-DI. High chemerin levels were associated with functional disability in RA, whereas no other molecules correlated with loss of function. These results encourage further studies assessing new roles of chemerin as a marker of impairment in RA.
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Ferland DJ, Mullick AE, Watts SW. Chemerin as a Driver of Hypertension: A Consideration. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:975-986. [PMID: 32453820 PMCID: PMC7759724 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein chemerin (tazarotene-induced gene, TIG2; RARRES2) is a relatively new adipokine. Many studies support that circulating chemerin levels associate strongly and positively with body mass index, visceral fat, and blood pressure. Here, we focus on the specific relationship of chemerin and blood pressure with the goal of understanding whether and how chemerin drives (pathological) changes in blood pressure such that it could be interfered with therapeutically. We dissect the biosynthesis of chemerin and how current antihypertensive medications change chemerin metabolism. This is followed with a review of what is known about where chemerin is synthesized in the body and what chemerin and its receptors can do to the physiological function of organs important to blood pressure determination (e.g., brain, heart, kidneys, blood vessels, adrenal, and sympathetic nervous system). We synthesize from the literature our best understanding of the mechanisms by which chemerin modifies blood pressure, with knowledge that plasma/serum levels of chemerin may be limited in their pathological relevance. This review reveals several gaps in our knowledge of chemerin biology that could be filled by the collective work of protein chemists, biologists, pharmacologists, and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Ferland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Adam E Mullick
- Cardiovascular Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Shang J, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Ning L, Zhao J, Cheng G, Liu D, Xiao J, Zhao Z. Chemerin/ChemR23 axis promotes inflammation of glomerular endothelial cells in diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3417-3428. [PMID: 30784180 PMCID: PMC6484295 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by inflammation of renal tissue. Glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) play an important role in inflammation and protein leakage in urine in DN patients. Chemerin and its receptor ChemR23 are inducers of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of chemerin/ChemR23 in GEnCs of DN patients. Immunohistochemical staining and qRT‐PCR were used to measure the expression of chemerin, ChemR23 and inflammatory factors in renal tissues of DN patients. Db/db mice were used as animal model. ChemR23 of DN mice was knocked down by injecting LV3‐shRNA into tail vein. Inflammation, physiological and pathological changes in each group was measured. GEnCs were cultured as an in vitro model to study potential signalling pathways. Results showed that expression of chemerin, ChemR23 and inflammatory factors increased in DN patients and mice. LV3‐shRNA alleviated renal damage and inflammation in DN mice. GEnCs stimulated by glucose showed increased chemerin, ChemR23 and inflammatory factors and decreased endothelial marker CD31. Both LV3‐shRNA and SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) attenuated chemerin‐induced inflammation and injury in GEnCs. Taken together, chemerin/ChemR23 axis played an important role in endothelial injury and inflammation in DN via the p38 MAPK signalling pathway. Suppression of ChemR23 alleviated DN damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lina Ning
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jifang Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Genyang Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Tu C, He J, Wu B, Wang W, Li Z. An extensive review regarding the adipokines in the pathogenesis and progression of osteoarthritis. Cytokine 2019; 113:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tolusso B, Gigante MR, Alivernini S, Petricca L, Fedele AL, Di Mario C, Aquilanti B, Magurano MR, Ferraccioli G, Gremese E. Chemerin and PEDF Are Metaflammation-Related Biomarkers of Disease Activity and Obesity in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:207. [PMID: 30123797 PMCID: PMC6085446 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Obesity is a risk factor for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) being associated to low grade inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether PEDF and Chemerin are biomarkers of inflammation related to fat accumulation in RA and to investigate whether weight loss associates with clinical disease improvement through the modification of fat-related biomarkers in overweight/obese RA with low-moderate disease. Participants and Methods: Two-hundred and thirty RA patients were enrolled, of whom 176 at disease onset treated according to a treat-to-target strategy (T2T) and 54 overweight/obese RA in stable therapy and low-moderate disease activity. Gene expression of adipokines, interleukin-6 and their receptors were examined in adipose tissue from obese RA. Obese RA with low-moderate disease activity underwent low-calories diet aiming to Body Mass Index (BMI) reduction >5%, maintaining RA therapy unchanged. Chemerin, PEDF and Interleukin-6 plasma values were assessed by ELISA and disease activity was evaluated. Results: At RA onset, PEDF and Chemerin plasma values correlated with BMI (p < 0.001) but only Chemerin plasma values correlated with disease activity (p < 0.001). After adopting a T2T strategy, Chemerin arose as an independent factor associated with remission in early RA [OR(95%CIs):0.49(0.25–0.97)]. Moreover, after low-calories diet, RA with low-moderate disease activity reaching BMI reduction ≥5% (62.6%) at 6 months had significant decrease of PEDF (p < 0.05) and Chemerin (p < 0.05) plasma values, in parallel with the improvement in disease activity. Conclusions: PEDF and Chemerin arose as biomarkers of obesity and metaflammation respectively, providing a link between chronic inflammation and excess of body weight in RA. Therefore, BMI reduction of at least 5% in obese RA allowed better disease control without modifying RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tolusso
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Gigante
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Alivernini
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Petricca
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Fedele
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Di Mario
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Aquilanti
- Service of Dietary and Human Nutrition, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Magurano
- Service of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ferraccioli
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Gremese
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Francisco V, Pérez T, Pino J, López V, Franco E, Alonso A, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Mera A, Lago F, Gómez R, Gualillo O. Biomechanics, obesity, and osteoarthritis. The role of adipokines: When the levee breaks. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:594-604. [PMID: 29080354 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a high-incidence painful and debilitating disease characterized by progressive degeneration of articular joints, which indicates a breakdown in joint homeostasis favoring catabolic processes. Biomechanical loading, associated with inflammatory and metabolic imbalances of joint, strongly contributes to the initiation and progression of the disease. Obesity is a primary risk factor for disease onset, and mechanical factors increased the risk for disease progression. Moreover, inflammatory mediators, in particular, adipose tissue-derived cytokines (better known as adipokines) play a critical role linking obesity and osteoarthritis. The present article summarizes the knowledge about the role of adipokines in cartilage and bone function, highlighting their contribution to the imbalance of joint homeostasis and, consequently, pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:594-604, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Francisco
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Tamara Pérez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Jesús Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Verónica López
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Eloy Franco
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Alonso
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Av. Valdecilla, Santander, 39008, Spain
| | - Antonio Mera
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Department of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, CIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
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11
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Hämäläinen S, Solovieva S, Vehmas T, Hirvonen A, Leino-Arjas P. Adipokine genes and radiographic hand osteoarthritis in Finnish women: a cross-sectional study. Scand J Rheumatol 2017; 47:71-78. [PMID: 28812414 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2017.1314000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Available evidence suggests that genetic factors and overweight play major roles in the aetiology of osteoarthritis (OA). We analysed the association of 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from nine adipokine and adipokine receptor genes (LEP, LEPR, ADIPOQ, RETN, NAMPT, SERPINA12, ITLN1, RARRES2, and APLN) with radiographic hand OA. METHOD The study design was cross-sectional. Bilateral hand radiographs of 542 occupationally active Finnish female dentists and teachers aged 45-63 years were examined and classified for the presence of hand OA using reference images. Hand OA was defined as at least three finger joints with radiographic OA of grade 2-4. The genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction-based methods. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on self-reported height and measured weight. Associations of the individual SNPs and their haplotypes with hand OA were tested using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The minor allele of RETN rs10401670 was associated with a decreased [odds ratio (OR) = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-0.97, p = 0.03] and RARRES2 rs4721 with an increased (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.07-1.87, p = 0.01) prevalence of hand OA. Also, LEPR AC (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.01-2.35, p = 0.05) and RETN GGTT (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.93, p = 0.02) haplotypes were associated with hand OA. These associations were modified by BMI when comparing normal and overweight women. However, the associations lost their statistical significance after adjusting for multiple testing. CONCLUSION Our results suggest weak associations between the studied variations in LEPR, RARRES2, and RETN genes and hand OA in Finnish women, and that the associations are modified by BMI. However, these associations could not be verified in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hämäläinen
- a Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland
| | - S Solovieva
- a Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland
| | - T Vehmas
- a Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland.,b Clinicum , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - A Hirvonen
- a Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland
| | - P Leino-Arjas
- a Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland
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Adipokine Contribution to the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5468023. [PMID: 28490838 PMCID: PMC5401756 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5468023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that overweight and obesity play an important role in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). However, joint overload is not the only risk factor in this disease. For instance, the presence of OA in non-weight-bearing joints such as the hand suggests that metabolic factors may also contribute to its pathogenesis. Recently, white adipose tissue (WAT) has been recognized not only as an energy reservoir but also as an important secretory organ of adipokines. In this regard, adipokines have been closely associated with obesity and also play an important role in bone and cartilage homeostasis. Furthermore, drugs such as rosuvastatin or rosiglitazone have demonstrated chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in cartilage explants from patients with OA. Thus, it seems that adipokines are important factors linking obesity, adiposity, and inflammation in OA. In this review, we are focused on establishing the physiological mechanisms of adipokines on cartilage homeostasis and evaluating their role in the pathophysiology of OA based on evidence derived from experimental research as well as from clinical-epidemiological studies.
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Iannone F, Courvoisier DS, Gottenberg JE, Hernandez MV, Lie E, Canhão H, Pavelka K, Hetland ML, Turesson C, Mariette X, Choquette D, Finckh A. Body mass does not impact the clinical response to intravenous abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Analysis from the "pan-European registry collaboration for abatacept (PANABA). Clin Rheumatol 2016; 36:773-779. [PMID: 27966068 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Some evidences suggest that obesity impairs the effectiveness of TNF inhibitors. We examined the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the clinical effectiveness of abatacept in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. This is a pooled analysis of 10 prospective cohorts of RA patients. All patients with available BMI were included in this study. The primary endpoint was drug retention of abatacept in the different BMI categories. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for drug discontinuation. A secondary endpoint was EULAR/LUNDEX response rates at 6/12 months. Of the 2015 RA patients initiating therapy with IV abatacept, 380 (18.9%) were classified as obese. Obese patients had more functional disability, and were less often RF positive. The median abatacept retention time was 1.91 years for obese RA patients compared to 2.12 years for non-obese patients (p = 0.15). The risk of abatacept discontinuation was not significantly different for overweight (HR 1.03 (95% CI 0.89-1.19)), or for obese (HR 1.08 (95% CI 0.89-1.30)) compared to normal-weight patients. Rheumatoid factor positivity reduced the risk of abatacept discontinuation (HR 0.83 (95% CI 0.72-0.95)), while previous biologic therapy was positively associated with drug interruption (HRs increasing from 1.68 to 2.16 with the line of treatments). Obese and non-obese patients attained similar rates of EULAR/LUNDEX clinical response at 6/12 months. Drug retention and clinical response rates to abatacept do not seem to be decreased by obesity in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florenzo Iannone
- Department of Emergency and Organ Trasplantation-Rheumatology Unit, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Merete Lund Hetland
- DANBIO and COPECARE, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl Turesson
- Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, INSERM U1012, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Denis Choquette
- Institut of Rheumatology of Montreal, CHUM, Montreal, Canada
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Balli U, Ongoz Dede F, Bozkurt Dogan S, Gulsoy Z, Sertoglu E. Chemerin and interleukin-6 levels in obese individuals following periodontal treatment. Oral Dis 2016; 22:673-80. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Balli
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
| | - F Ongoz Dede
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Ordu University; Ordu Turkey
| | - S Bozkurt Dogan
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Yıldırım Beyazıt University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Z Gulsoy
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
| | - E Sertoglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Gulhane Military Medical Academy; Istanbul Turkey
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Tolusso B, Alivernini S, Gigante MR, Ferraccioli G, Gremese E. Biomolecular features of inflammation in obese rheumatoid arthritis patients: management considerations. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:751-62. [PMID: 26950427 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1159132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an active organ playing a role not only in metabolism but also in immune and inflammatory processes, releasing several pro-inflammatory mediators. This can explain the possible association between obesity and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its role in the progression of the disease. Adipose and synovial tissues share common histological features of local inflammation in terms of activation of target tissues infiltrating cells (i.e. myeloid cells). Among the so-called adipocytokines, PEDF and Chemerin orchestrate the cellular cross-talk between adipose and myeloid cells, being possible biomarkers to monitor the effect of weight loss or the decrease of adipose tissue in patients with RA. Moreover, dietary intervention has been demonstrated to reduce Chemerin as well as IL-6 and MCP-1 expression. Finally, epigenetic regulators such as micro-RNAs (i.e. miR-155) are key regulators of myeloid cells activation in RA and obesity as well as in adipocytes. In this review, we will summarize the biological link between obesity/overweight state and RA focusing on pathophysiological mechanisms, consequences and management considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tolusso
- a Division of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Stefano Alivernini
- a Division of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Rita Gigante
- a Division of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ferraccioli
- a Division of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Elisa Gremese
- a Division of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
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Ma J, Niu DS, Wan NJ, Qin Y, Guo CJ. Elevated chemerin levels in synovial fluid and synovial membrane from patients with knee osteoarthritis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:13393-13398. [PMID: 26722546 PMCID: PMC4680491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To test the serum, synovial fluid and synovial membrane levels of the adipokine chemerin in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and investigate their relationships with the severity of articular cartilage damage and synovitis. According to the American College of Rheumatology criteria for diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA), 30 cases with OA diagnoses (OA group) were selected from patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery in our hospital from June 2013 to February 2014. Another 30 cases with other knee joint diseases (non-OA group) were included as controls. The synovial fluid and serum levels of chemerin were assayed by ELISA, and the synovial membrane level of chemerin was assayed by the immunohistochemical method. The severity of the knee articular cartilage damage and synovitis-related pathological changes were evaluated by arthroscopy using the Outerbridge and Ayral scores, respectively. The synovial fluid and synovial membrane levels of chemerin in the OA group were higher than those in the non-OA group. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in the synovial fluid and synovial membrane levels of chemerin (P < 0.05). The synovial fluid and synovial membrane levels of chemerin were positively correlated with the serum level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP), Outerbridge score and Ayral score in the OA group. The synovial fluid and synovial membrane levels of chemerin are increased in KOA patients and are positively correlated with the severity of KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningxia People’s HospitalYinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningxia People’s HospitalYinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Ning-Jun Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningxia People’s HospitalYinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Chong-Jun Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningxia People’s HospitalYinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
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17
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Mariani F, Roncucci L. Chemerin/chemR23 axis in inflammation onset and resolution. Inflamm Res 2014; 64:85-95. [PMID: 25548799 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is an adipokine secreted by adipocytes and associated with obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Different chemerin fragments with pro- or anti-inflammatory action can be produced, depending on the class of proteases predominating in the microenvironment. Chemerin binds to three receptors, especially to chemR23, expressed on various cells, as dendritic cells, macrophages and natural killer cells, regulating chemotaxis towards the site of inflammation and activation status. Recently, the chemerin/chemR23 axis has attracted particular attention for the multiple roles related to the control of inflammation, metabolism and cancerogenesis in different organs and systems as lung (allergy and cancer), skin (psoriasis, lupus, cancer, wound repair), cardiovascular system (lipid profile and atherosclerosis), reproductive apparatus (polycystic ovary syndrome, follicular homoeostasis), and digestive tract (inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer). This pathway may regulate immune responses by contributing both to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and to the resolution of acute inflammation. Thus, chemerin-derived peptides or other substances that may affect the chemerin/chemR23 axis could be used in the future for the treatment of many diseases, including cancer at different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mariani
- Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo, 71, 41125, Modena, Italy
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Fatima SS, Rehman R, Baig M, Khan TA. New roles of the multidimensional adipokine: chemerin. Peptides 2014; 62:15-20. [PMID: 25278490 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of several adipokines with diverse activities and their involvement in regulation of various pathophysiological functions of human body has challenged the researchers. In the family of adipokine, chemerin is a novel and unique addition. Ever since the first report on chemerin as a chemo-attractant protein, there are numerous studies showing a multitasking capacity of chemerin in the maintenance of homeostasis, for the activation of natural killer cells, macrophages and dendritic cells in both innate and adaptive immunity. Its diversity ranges from generalized inflammatory cascades to being explicitly involved in the manifestation of arthritis, psoriasis and peritonitis. Its association with certain cancerous tissue may render it as a potential tumor marker. In present review, we aim to consolidate recent data of investigations on chemerin in context to functional characteristics with a special reference to its role as a metabolic signal in inflammation and non-metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Sadia Fatima
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
| | - Rehana Rehman
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Baig
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) still offer enormous scope for new therapeutic targets. Currently marketed agents are dominated by those with activity at aminergic receptors and yet they account for only ~10% of the family. Progress up until now with other subfamilies, notably orphans, Family A/peptide, Family A/lipid, Family B, Family C, and Family F, has been, at best, patchy. This may be attributable to the heterogeneous nature of GPCRs, their endogenous ligands, and consequently their binding sites. Our appreciation of receptor similarity has arguably been too simplistic, and screening collections have not necessarily been well suited to identifying leads in new areas. Despite the relative shortage of high-quality tool molecules in a number of cases, there is an emerging, and increasingly substantial, body of evidence associating many as yet “undrugged” receptors with a very wide range of diseases. Significant advances in our understanding of receptor pharmacology and technical advances in screening, protein X-ray crystallography, and ligand design methods are paving the way for new successes in the area. Exploitation of allosteric mechanisms; alternative signaling pathways such as G12/13, Gβγ, and β-arrestin; the discovery of “biased” ligands; and the emergence of GPCR-protein complexes as potential drug targets offer scope for new and much improved drugs.
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20
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Resolution of inflammation: mechanisms and opportunity for drug development. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 139:189-212. [PMID: 23583354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a beneficial host reaction to tissue damage and has the essential primary purpose of restoring tissue homeostasis. Inflammation plays a major role in containing and resolving infection and may also occur under sterile conditions. The cardinal signs of inflammation dolor, calor, tumor and rubor are intrinsically associated with events including vasodilatation, edema and leukocyte trafficking into the site of inflammation. If uncontrolled or unresolved, inflammation itself can lead to further tissue damage and give rise to chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity with eventual loss of organ function. It is now evident that the resolution of inflammation is an active continuous process that occurs during an acute inflammatory episode. Successful resolution requires activation of endogenous programs with switch from production of pro-inflammatory towards pro-resolving molecules, such as specific lipid mediators and annexin A1, and the non-phlogistic elimination of granulocytes by apoptosis with subsequent removal by surrounding macrophages. These processes ensure rapid restoration of tissue homeostasis. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of resolution of inflammation, highlighting the pharmacological strategies that may interfere with the molecular pathways which control leukocyte survival and clearance. Such strategies have proved beneficial in several pre-clinical models of inflammatory diseases, suggesting that pharmacological modulation of the resolution process may be useful for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases in humans.
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Watts SW, Dorrance AM, Penfold ME, Rourke JL, Sinal CJ, Seitz B, Sullivan TJ, Charvat TT, Thompson JM, Burnett R, Fink GD. Chemerin connects fat to arterial contraction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1320-8. [PMID: 23559624 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and hypertension are comorbid in epidemic proportion, yet their biological connection is largely a mystery. The peptide chemerin is a candidate for connecting fat deposits around the blood vessel (perivascular adipose tissue) to arterial contraction. We presently tested the hypothesis that chemerin is expressed in perivascular adipose tissue and is vasoactive, supporting the existence of a chemerin axis in the vasculature. APPROACH AND RESULTS Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western analyses supported the synthesis and expression of chemerin in perivascular adipose tissue, whereas the primary chemerin receptor ChemR23 was expressed both in the tunica media and endothelial layer. The ChemR23 agonist chemerin-9 caused receptor, concentration-dependent contraction in the isolated rat thoracic aorta, superior mesenteric artery, and mesenteric resistance artery, and contraction was significantly amplified (more than 100%) when nitric oxide synthase was inhibited and the endothelial cell mechanically removed or tone was placed on the arteries. The novel ChemR23 antagonist CCX832 inhibited phenylephrine-induced and prostaglandin F2α-induced contraction (+perivascular adipose tissue), suggesting that endogenous chemerin contributes to contraction. Arteries from animals with dysfunctional endothelium (obese or hypertensive) demonstrated a pronounced contraction to chemerin-9. Finally, mesenteric arteries from obese humans demonstrate amplified contraction to chemerin-9. CONCLUSIONS These data support a new role for chemerin as an endogenous vasoconstrictor that operates through a receptor typically attributed to function only in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, USA.
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Barker G, Lim R, Rice GE, Lappas M. Increased chemerin concentrations in fetuses of obese mothers and correlation with maternal insulin sensitivity. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 25:2274-80. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.686540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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