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Singh K, Oladipupo SS. An overview of CCN4 (WISP1) role in human diseases. J Transl Med 2024; 22:601. [PMID: 38937782 PMCID: PMC11212430 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
CCN4 (cellular communication network factor 4), a highly conserved, secreted cysteine-rich matricellular protein is emerging as a key player in the development and progression of numerous disease pathologies, including cancer, fibrosis, metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Over the past two decades, extensive research on CCN4 and its family members uncovered their diverse cellular mechanisms and biological functions, including but not limited to cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, wound healing, repair, and apoptosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant CCN4 expression and/or associated downstream signaling is key to a vast array of pathophysiological etiology, suggesting that CCN4 could be utilized not only as a non-invasive diagnostic or prognostic marker, but also as a promising therapeutic target. The cognate receptor of CCN4 remains elusive till date, which limits understanding of the mechanistic insights on CCN4 driven disease pathologies. However, as therapeutic agents directed against CCN4 begin to make their way into the clinic, that may start to change. Also, the pathophysiological significance of CCN4 remains underexplored, hence further research is needed to shed more light on its disease and/or tissue specific functions to better understand its clinical translational benefit. This review highlights the compelling evidence of overlapping and/or diverse functional and mechanisms regulated by CCN4, in addition to addressing the challenges, study limitations and knowledge gaps on CCN4 biology and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Singh
- Biotherapeutic Enabling Biology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46225, USA
| | - Sunday S Oladipupo
- Biotherapeutic Enabling Biology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46225, USA.
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Christopoulou ME, Skandalis SS, Papakonstantinou E, Stolz D, Aletras AJ. WISP1 induces the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in human lung fibroblasts through Src kinases and EGFR-activated signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C850-C865. [PMID: 38145300 PMCID: PMC11193488 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00410.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Wnt1-inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP1/CCN4) is a secreted matricellular protein that is implicated in lung and airway remodeling. The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been associated with chronic lung diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the WISP1 signaling pathway and its ability to induce the expression of MIF in primary cultures of fibroblasts from normal human lungs (HLFs). Our results showed that WISP1 significantly stimulated the expression of MIF in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. In WISP1-induced expression of MIF, αvβ5-integrin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans as well as Src tyrosine kinases, MAP kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, PKC, and NF-κB were involved. WISP1-induced expression of MIF was attenuated in the presence of the Src kinase inhibitor PP2 or the MIF tautomerase activity inhibitor ISO-1. Moreover, WISP1 significantly increased the phosphorylation and activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) through transactivation by Src kinases. WISP1 also induced the expression of MIF receptor CD74 and coreceptor CD44, through which MIF exerts its effects on HLFs. In addition, it was found that MIF induced its own expression, as well as its receptors CD74/CD44, acting in an autocrine manner. Finally, WISP1-induced MIF promoted the expression of cyclooxygenase 2, prostaglandin E2, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 demonstrating the regulatory role of WISP1-MIF axis in lung inflammation and remodeling involving mainly integrin αvβ5, Src kinases, PKC, NF-κB, and EGFR. The specific signaling pathways involved in WISP1-induced expression of MIF may prove to be excellent candidates for novel targets to control inflammation in chronic lung diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates for the first time that Wnt1-inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP1) regulates migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression and activity and identifies the main signaling pathways involved. The newly discovered WISP1-MIF axis may drive lung inflammation and could result in the design of novel targeted therapies in inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elpida Christopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Clinic of Pneumology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Clinic of Pneumology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Clinic of Pneumology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexios J Aletras
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Pirkey AC, Deng W, Norman D, Razazan A, Klinke DJ. Head-to-Head Comparison of CCN4, DNMT3A, PTPN11, and SPARC as Suppressors of Anti-tumor Immunity. Cell Mol Bioeng 2023; 16:431-442. [PMID: 38099213 PMCID: PMC10716093 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-023-00787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Emergent cancer cells likely secrete factors that inhibit anti-tumor immunity. To identify such factors, we applied a functional assay with proteomics to an immunotherapy resistant syngeneic mouse melanoma model. Four secreted factors were identified that potentially mediate immunosuppression and could become targets for novel immunotherapies. We tested for consistent clinical correlates in existing human data and verified in vivo whether knocking out tumor cell production of these factors improved immune-mediated control of tumor growth. Methods Existing human data was analyzed for clinical correlates. A CRISPR/Cas9 approach to generate knockout cell lines and a kinetic analysis leveraging a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach quantified the various knockouts' effect on cells' intrinsic growth rate. Flow cytometry was used to characterize differences in immune infiltration. Results While all four gene products were produced by malignant melanocytes, only increased CCN4 expression was associated with reduced survival in primary melanoma patients. In immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice the CCN4 knockout increased survival while the other knockouts had no effect. This survival advantage was lost when the CCN4 knockout cells were injected into immunocompromised hosts, indicating that the effect of CCN4 may be immune mediated. Parameter estimation from the MCMC analysis shows that CCN4 was the only knockout tested that decreased the net tumor growth rate in immunocompetent mice. Flow cytometry showed an increase in NK cell infiltration in CCN4 knockout tumors. Conclusions The results suggest that CCN4 is a mediator of immunosuppression in the melanoma tumor microenvironment and a potential collateral immunotherapy target. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-023-00787-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika C. Pirkey
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6102, Morgantown, WV 26506-6102 USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Wentao Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, P.O. Box 9177, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Danielle Norman
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6102, Morgantown, WV 26506-6102 USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Atefeh Razazan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, P.O. Box 9177, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - David J. Klinke
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, P.O. Box 9177, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6102, Morgantown, WV 26506-6102 USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
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Alshanqiti KH, Alomar SF, Alzoman N, Almomen A. Irisin Induces Apoptosis in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells and Inhibits Tumor Growth In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4000. [PMID: 37568817 PMCID: PMC10416853 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15154000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in males worldwide, with αVβ5 in-tegrin, a coactivator receptor, being highly expressed in advanced prostate cancer. Irisin, a hormone secreted from skeletal muscles, can reduce cell viability and migration and potentially inhibit αVβ5. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the potential impact of irisin on prostate cancer cells and its underlying mechanism. METHODS In vitro evaluation of the antiproliferative action of irisin on metastatic prostate cancer (PC-3) cells was tested through MTT assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot. An in vivo evaluation of the antiproliferative effect on prostate cancer xenograft was evaluated in nude mice. RESULTS In vitro evaluations showed that irisin reduced PC-3 cell viability to 70% and increased the Annexin-V/7AAD positive cell population. Irisin altered the expression of apoptotic proteins, αVβ5, and proteins involved in the P13k-Akt pathway. In vivo, irisin inhibited tumor growth and progression, positively affecting animal well-being. In conclusion, irisin has an apoptotic effect on PC-3, possibly through altering αVβ5 and the Bcl2/BAX and P13k-Akt signaling pathway, inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings can serve as a foundation for further evaluation of irisin's role in prostate cancer.
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Gaudreau PO, Cousineau I, Stagg J. Optimal CCN4 Immunofluorescence for Tissue Microarray. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2582:13-21. [PMID: 36370340 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2744-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CCN4 (also known as WNT1-Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1 or WISP1) is a 367 amino acid, 40 kDa protein located on chromosome 8q24.1-8q24.3. Prior studies have provided support for a pro-inflammatory role for CCN4. We have shown recently that CCN4 expression is associated with advanced disease, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and an inflamed tumor microenvironment in multiple solid tumors. We detail here the CCN4 tissue microarray immunofluorescence protocol related to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University and Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Cousineau
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Saffery NSI, Genasan K, Chan CK, Ayob KA, Teo SH, Al-Fayyadh MZM, Othman I, Abidin SAZ, Raman MM, Raghavendran HRB, Kamarul T. Typical response of CD14++CD16– monocyte to knee synovial derived mediators as a key target to overcome the onset and progression of osteoarthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:904721. [PMID: 36106324 PMCID: PMC9464827 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.904721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveSynovitis with increased infiltration of immune cells is observed in osteoarthritis (OA). Given the inflammatory condition of synovitis, we explored the protein profile of OA synovium (OAS) and its effect on circulating monocytes activation, migration, and functional commitments.MethodsKnee-synovium was acquired from end-stage OA (N = 8) and trauma patients (Trauma baseline control: TBC; N = 8) for characterization using H&E histology, IHC (iNOS), LCMS-QTOF, and MALDI-imaging. Response of peripheral blood monocytes to OAS conditioned-media (OACM) was observed using transwell (n = 6). The migrated cells were captured in SEM, quantified using phase-contrast microphotographs, and their activation receptors (CCR2, CXCR2, CX3CR1, and CD11b), pro-inflammatory genes, and phagocytic potential were studied using flow cytometry, gene expression array/qPCR, and latex beads (LB) phagocytosis assay, respectively.ResultsThe Venn diagram displayed 119 typical proteins in OAS, while 55 proteins in TBCS. The STRING protein network analysis indicated distinctive links between proteins and gene ontology (GO) and revealed proteins associated with leukocyte-mediated immunity in OAS as compared to TBC. The MALDI-imaging showed typical localized proteins at 2234.97, 2522.61, 2627.21, 3329.50, and 3539.69 m/z and IHC confirmed pro-inflammatory iNOS expression in OA synovium. CD14++CD16– classical monocytes significantly migrated in OACM and expressed CCR2, CXCR2, and CD11b receptors, TNFRSF11A, MAPK1, S100A8, HSPB1, ITGAL, NFATC1, IL13RA1, CD93, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MYD88 genes and increased LB uptake as compared to SFM.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the differential protein profile of OA synovium and the classical monocytes migrated, activated, and functionally committed in response to these mediators could be of therapeutic advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Syazana Izyan Saffery
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Orthopedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Krishnamurithy Genasan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Orthopedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Krishnamurithy Genasan,
| | - Chee Ken Chan
- Mahkota Medical Centre, Jalan Merdeka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Anwar Ayob
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Orthopedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seow Hui Teo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Orthopedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Zubair Mohamed Al-Fayyadh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Orthopedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Murali Malliga Raman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Orthopedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanumantha Rao Balaji Raghavendran
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Orthopedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Tunku Kamarul,
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Li Z, Cong X, Kong W. Matricellular proteins: Potential biomarkers and mechanistic factors in aortic aneurysms. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 169:41-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Betulin suppresses TNF-α and IL-1β production in osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts by inhibiting the MEK/ERK/NF-κB pathway. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Li S, Wang H, Zhang Y, Qiao R, Xia P, Kong Z, Zhao H, Yin L. COL3A1 and MMP9 Serve as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Osteoarthritis and Are Associated With Immune Cell Infiltration. Front Genet 2021; 12:721258. [PMID: 34512730 PMCID: PMC8430221 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.721258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common age-related degenerative diseases. In recent years, some studies have shown that pathological changes in the synovial membrane occur earlier than those in the cartilage in OA. However, the molecular mechanism of synovitis in the pathological process of OA has not been elucidated. This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers associated with OA and to emphasize the role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of OA. Methods Microarray datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and ArrayExpress databases and were then analyzed using R software. To determine differential immune cell subtype infiltration, the CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm was used. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the relative expressions of selected genes. Besides, Western blotting was used to assess the protein expression levels in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Results After analyzing the database profiles, two potential biomarkers, collagen type 3 alpha 1 chain (COL3A1), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), associated with OA were discovered, which were confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Specifically, the results revealed that, as the concentration of IL-1β increased, so did the gene and protein expression levels of COL3A1 and MMP9. Conclusion The findings provide valuable information and direction for future research into novel targets for OA immunotherapy and diagnosis and aids in the discovery of the underlying biological mechanisms of OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Renqiu Qiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peige Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiheng Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Williams H, Wadey KS, Frankow A, Blythe HC, Forbes T, Johnson JL, George SJ. Aneurysm severity is suppressed by deletion of CCN4. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:421-432. [PMID: 34080128 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-12021-00623-12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms are frequently treated with high-risk surgery. A pharmaceutical treatment to reverse aneurysm progression could prevent the need for surgery and save both lives and healthcare resources. Since CCN4 regulates cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis, processes involved in aneurysm progression, it is a potential regulator of aneurysm progression. We investigated the role of CCN4 in a mouse aneurysm model, using apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice fed high fat diet and infused with Angiotensin II (AngII). Blood pressure was similarly elevated in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice and CCN4+/+ApoE-/- mice (controls) in response to AngII infusion. Deletion of CCN4 significantly reduced the number of ruptured aortae, both thoracic and abdominal aortic area, and aneurysm grade score, compared to controls. Additionally, the frequency of vessel wall remodelling and the number of elastic lamina breaks was significantly suppressed in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significantly lower proportion of macrophages, while the proportion of smooth muscle cells was not affected by the deletion of CCN4. There was also a reduction in both proliferation and apoptosis in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice compared to controls. In vitro studies showed that CCN4 significantly increased monocyte adhesion beyond that seen with TNFα and stimulated macrophage migration by more than threefold. In summary, absence of CCN4 reduced aneurysm severity and improved aortic integrity, which may be the result of reduced macrophage infiltration and cell apoptosis. Inhibition of CCN4 could offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Williams
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Kerry S Wadey
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Aleksandra Frankow
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Hazel C Blythe
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Tessa Forbes
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Jason L Johnson
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Sarah J George
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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Williams H, Wadey KS, Frankow A, Blythe HC, Forbes T, Johnson JL, George SJ. Aneurysm severity is suppressed by deletion of CCN4. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:421-432. [PMID: 34080128 PMCID: PMC8222476 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms are frequently treated with high-risk surgery. A pharmaceutical treatment to reverse aneurysm progression could prevent the need for surgery and save both lives and healthcare resources. Since CCN4 regulates cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis, processes involved in aneurysm progression, it is a potential regulator of aneurysm progression. We investigated the role of CCN4 in a mouse aneurysm model, using apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice fed high fat diet and infused with Angiotensin II (AngII). Blood pressure was similarly elevated in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice and CCN4+/+ApoE-/- mice (controls) in response to AngII infusion. Deletion of CCN4 significantly reduced the number of ruptured aortae, both thoracic and abdominal aortic area, and aneurysm grade score, compared to controls. Additionally, the frequency of vessel wall remodelling and the number of elastic lamina breaks was significantly suppressed in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significantly lower proportion of macrophages, while the proportion of smooth muscle cells was not affected by the deletion of CCN4. There was also a reduction in both proliferation and apoptosis in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice compared to controls. In vitro studies showed that CCN4 significantly increased monocyte adhesion beyond that seen with TNFα and stimulated macrophage migration by more than threefold. In summary, absence of CCN4 reduced aneurysm severity and improved aortic integrity, which may be the result of reduced macrophage infiltration and cell apoptosis. Inhibition of CCN4 could offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Williams
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Kerry S. Wadey
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Aleksandra Frankow
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Hazel C. Blythe
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Tessa Forbes
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Jason L. Johnson
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Sarah J. George
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
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CCN proteins in the musculoskeletal system: current understanding and challenges in physiology and pathology. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:545-566. [PMID: 34228239 PMCID: PMC8642527 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00631-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The acronym for the CCN family was recently revised to represent “cellular communication network”. These six, small, cysteine-enriched and evolutionarily conserved proteins are secreted matricellular proteins, that convey and modulate intercellular communication by interacting with structural proteins, signalling factors and cell surface receptors. Their role in the development and physiology of musculoskeletal system, constituted by connective tissues where cells are interspersed in the cellular matrix, has been broadly studied. Previous research has highlighted a crucial balance of CCN proteins in mesenchymal stem cell commitment and a pivotal role for CCN1, CCN2 and their alter ego CCN3 in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis; CCN4 plays a minor role and the role of CCN5 and CCN6 is still unclear. CCN proteins also participate in osteoclastogenesis and myogenesis. In adult life, CCN proteins serve as mechanosensory proteins in the musculoskeletal system providing a steady response to environmental stimuli and participating in fracture healing. Substantial evidence also supports the involvement of CCN proteins in inflammatory pathologies, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as in cancers affecting the musculoskeletal system and bone metastasis. These matricellular proteins indeed show involvement in inflammation and cancer, thus representing intriguing therapeutic targets. This review discusses the current understanding of CCN proteins in the musculoskeletal system as well as the controversies and challenges associated with their multiple and complex roles, and it aims to link the dispersed knowledge in an effort to stimulate and guide readers to an area that the writers consider to have significant impact and relevant potentialities.
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MacDonald IJ, Huang CC, Liu SC, Lin YY, Tang CH. Targeting CCN Proteins in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094340. [PMID: 33919365 PMCID: PMC8122640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCN family of matricellular proteins (CYR61/CCN1, CTGF/CCN2, NOV/CCN3 and WISP1-2-3/CCN4-5-6) are essential players in the key pathophysiological processes of angiogenesis, wound healing and inflammation. These proteins are well recognized for their important roles in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and differentiation, as well as the regulation of extracellular matrix differentiation. Substantial evidence implicates four of the proteins (CCN1, CCN2, CCN3 and CCN4) in the inflammatory pathologies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). A smaller evidence base supports the involvement of CCN5 and CCN6 in the development of these diseases. This review focuses on evidence providing insights into the involvement of the CCN family in RA and OA, as well as the potential of the CCN proteins as therapeutic targets in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona J. MacDonald
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Collage of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (I.J.M.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Chien-Chung Huang
- School of Medicine, Collage of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 65152, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-You Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Collage of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (I.J.M.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Collage of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (I.J.M.); (Y.-Y.L.)
- School of Medicine, Collage of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collage of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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14
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Cheng C, Tian J, Zhang F, Deng Z, Tu M, Li L, Yang H, Xiao K, Guo W, Yang R, Gao S, Zhou Z. WISP1 Protects Against Chondrocyte Senescence and Apoptosis by Regulating αvβ3 and PI3K/Akt Pathway in Osteoarthritis. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:629-637. [PMID: 33646053 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed at validating the effect of WISP1 on osteoarthritis (OA) and the pathway involved in the WISP1-induced protection against OA. The expression of WISP1 was measured by immunohistochemical analyses. We found that WISP1 expression was shown to be upregulated within human OA cartilage compared with controls. WISP1 expression was related to knee OA severity. rhWISP1 inhibited OA chondrocyte senescence and apoptosis in vitro, which was reversed by the αvβ3 antibody and PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002. WISP1 overexpression induced by knee injection of LiCI could also prevent the senescence and apoptosis of rat chondrocytes. Safranin-O staining and Mankin score revealed that WISP1 overexpression can protect rat chondrocytes from degeneration. Nearly opposite results were obtained in the treatment of ICG-001 and siRNA-WISP1 in vivo. These data strongly suggest that WISP1 can protect against the senescence and apoptosis of chondrocytes via modulating the αvβ3 receptor and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway within OA. Therefore, the development of specific activators of WISP1 may present the value of an underlying OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, China.,Clinical Medical Technology Demonstration Base for Minimally Invasive and Digital Orthopaedics in Hunan Province, Yiyang, China
| | - Jian Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangjie Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, China
| | - Liangjun Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, China.,Clinical Medical Technology Demonstration Base for Minimally Invasive and Digital Orthopaedics in Hunan Province, Yiyang, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, China.,Clinical Medical Technology Demonstration Base for Minimally Invasive and Digital Orthopaedics in Hunan Province, Yiyang, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, China.,Clinical Medical Technology Demonstration Base for Minimally Invasive and Digital Orthopaedics in Hunan Province, Yiyang, China
| | - Ruiqi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, China.,Clinical Medical Technology Demonstration Base for Minimally Invasive and Digital Orthopaedics in Hunan Province, Yiyang, China
| | - Shuguang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, China.,Clinical Medical Technology Demonstration Base for Minimally Invasive and Digital Orthopaedics in Hunan Province, Yiyang, China
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15
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Mechanical Stress Induce PG-E2 in Murine Synovial Fibroblasts Originating from the Temporomandibular Joint. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020298. [PMID: 33535605 PMCID: PMC7912861 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition, traumatic events, or excessive mechanical exposure provoke arthritic changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We analysed the impact of mechanical stress that might be involved in the development and progression of TMJ osteoarthritis (OA) on murine synovial fibroblasts (SFs) of temporomandibular origin. SFs were subjected to different protocols of mechanical stress, either to a high-frequency tensile strain for 4 h or to a tensile strain of varying magnitude for 48 h. The TMJ OA induction was evaluated based on the gene and protein secretion of inflammatory factors (Icam-1, Cxcl-1, Cxcl-2, Il-1ß, Il-1ra, Il-6, Ptgs-2, PG-E2), subchondral bone remodelling (Rankl, Opg), and extracellular matrix components (Col1a2, Has-1, collagen and hyaluronic acid deposition) using RT-qPCR, ELISA, and HPLC. A short high-frequency tensile strain had only minor effects on inflammatory factors and no effects on the subchondral bone remodelling induction or matrix constituent production. A prolonged tensile strain of moderate and advanced magnitude increased the expression of inflammatory factors. An advanced tensile strain enhanced the Ptgs-2 and PG-E2 expression, while the expression of further inflammatory factors were decreased. The tensile strain protocols had no effects on the RANKL/OPG expression, while the advanced tensile strain significantly reduced the deposition of matrix constituent contents of collagen and hyaluronic acid. The data indicates that the application of prolonged advanced mechanical stress on SFs promote PG-E2 protein secretion, while the deposition of extracellular matrix components is decreased.
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16
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Recinella L, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Brunetti L, Leone S. Adipokines: New Potential Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Metabolic, Rheumatic, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578966. [PMID: 33192583 PMCID: PMC7662468 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its role as an energy storage organ, adipose tissue can be viewed as a dynamic and complex endocrine organ, which produces and secretes several adipokines, including hormones, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and growth and vasoactive factors. A wide body of evidence showed that adipokines play a critical role in various biological and physiological functions, among which feeding modulation, inflammatory and immune function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and blood pressure control. The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of several adipokines, including leptin, diponectin, resistin, chemerin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), vaspin, omentin, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs), family with sequence similarity to 19 member A5 (FAM19A5), wingless-type inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1), progranulin (PGRN), nesfatin-1 (nesfatin), visfatin/PBEF/NAMPT, apelin, retinol binding protein 4 (RPB4), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the regulation of insulin resistance and vascular function, as well as many aspects of inflammation and immunity and their potential role in managing obesity-associated diseases, including metabolic, osteoarticular, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Gabriele d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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17
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CXCL1 contributes to IL-6 expression in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by CXCR2, c-Raf, MAPK, and AP-1 pathway. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:251. [PMID: 33087182 PMCID: PMC7580030 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are common joint disorders that are considered to be different diseases due to their unique molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis. Chemokines and their corresponding receptors have been well characterized in RA progression, but less so in OA pathogenesis. Methods The human primary synovial fibroblasts (SFs) were obtained from human OA and RA tissue samples. The Western blot and qPCR were performed to analyze the expression levels of CXCL1, as well as CXCL-promoted IL-6 expression in both OASFs and RASFs. The signal cascades that mediate the CXCL1-promoted IL-6 expression were identified by using chemical inhibitors, siRNAs, and shRNAs. Results Here, we found that both diseases feature elevated levels of CXCL1 and interleukin (IL)-6, an important proinflammatory cytokine that participates in OA and RA pathogenesis. In OASFs and RASFs, CXCL1 promoted IL-6 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In OASFs and RASFs overexpressing CXCL1 or transduced with shRNA plasmid, IL-6 expression was markedly upregulated. CXCR2, c-Raf, and MAPKs were found to regulate CXCL1-induced IL-6 expression in OASFs and RASFs. Finally, CXCL1 triggered the transcriptional activities of c-Jun (which regulates the expression of proinflammatory proteins) in OASFs and RASFs. Conclusions Our present work suggests that the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis helps to orchestrate inflammatory responses in OA and RA SFs.
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18
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Early OA Stage Like Response Occurs after Dynamic Stretching of Human Synovial Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113874. [PMID: 32485947 PMCID: PMC7312748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As events triggering early osteoarthritis onset can be related to mechanical stress and proinflammatory signaling, we investigated the effect of different mechanical strain protocols on the expression of proinflammatory genes, as well as extracellular matrix remodelling in human synovial fibroblasts. Three distinct models of tensile stretching were applied: static isotropic tensile strain at 0 Hz, 16% tension for 48 h; short-term high-frequency cyclic tension at 1 Hz, 10% tension for 4 h; and dynamic tensile stretching for 48 h, consisting of two blocks of moderate stretching at 0.2 Hz, 2%, advanced stretching at 0.5 Hz, 15%, or a combination of both. General signs of inflammation were present after static isotropic tension, whereas short-term high-frequency cyclic tension showed increased levels of IL-6 paired with diminished levels of IL-1β. Reduced inflammatory effects of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were observed when exposed to advanced stretching. Long-term tensile strain induced extracellular matrix remodelling at the gene and protein levels. While hyaluronan acid synthesis was increased with static tensile strain, dynamic tensile stretching had a reducing effect. Our study revealed that proinflammatory markers were activated by mechanical strain as seen in static isotropic tension and short-term high-frequency tensile strain, whereas long-term exposure induced extracellular matrix remodelling processes.
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19
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Cai Z, Hong M, Xu L, Yang K, Li C, Sun T, Feng Y, Zeng H, Lu WW, Chiu KY. Prevent action of magnoflorine with hyaluronic acid gel from cartilage degeneration in anterior cruciate ligament transection induced osteoarthritis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:109733. [PMID: 32113051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Chinese medicine, magnoflorine exerted significant anti-inflammatory effects and potentially promoted synthesis of proteoglycans in chondrocytes to reverse the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the latent beneficial effect of magnoflorine for the treatment of traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) is still unknown. Therefore, we aim to demonstrate the efficacy of magnoflorine combined with HA-gel in attenuating cartilage degeneration in anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) induced OA rat model. We found that the histological results showed the elevated cartilage matrix, chondrogenic signals and chondroprogenitor cells in HA-gel + magnoflorine treatment. HA-gel + magnoflorine treatment resulted in a decreased modified Mankin's score, and a higher volume ratio of hyaline cartilage (HC)/calcified cartilage (CC) and HC/Sum (whole cartilage), compared to ACLT and HA-gel groups. Furthermore, both the volume ratios of HC/Sum and HC/CC were negatively correlated with modified Mankin's scores. Finally, HA-gel + magnoflorine could significantly increase the BV/TV, Tb.Th, and decrease the Tb.Pf, Po(tot), Conn.Dn and Tb.Sp. In vitro, 50 μg/ml magnoflorine treatment could significantly increase the viability, S-phase, migration rate and chondrogenesis of chondroprogenitor cells. There were significant downregulations of MAPK/NF-κB signaling, and upregulations of chondrogenic signals in 50 μg/ml magnoflorine treatment. There were significant downregulations of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of IL-10 in HA-gel + magnoflorine treated group. Therefore, our study elucidated a protective effect of HA-gel + magnoflorine on attenuating cartilage degradation and maintaining SCB stabilization in ACLT induced OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cai
- The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, 1. Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China; 2. Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031, China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Hong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kedi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chentian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tianhao Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Huasong Zeng
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - William Weijia Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kwong-Yuen Chiu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Yang X, Wang H, Tu Y, Li Y, Zou Y, Li G, Wang L, Zhong X. WNT1-inducible signaling protein-1 mediates TGF-β1-induced renal fibrosis in tubular epithelial cells and unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse models via autophagy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2009-2022. [PMID: 31512238 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common pathway for the progression of all chronic kidney diseases to end-stage kidney disease. Studies show that WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1) is involved in the fibrosis of various organs. The aim of the study was to explore the functional role and potential mechanism of WISP-1 in renal fibrosis. We observed that overexpression of WISP-1 in rat tubular epithelial cells (TECs) enhanced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced production of fibrotic markers, including collagen I (Col I), fibronectin (FN) and TGF-β1, while inhibition of WISP-1 suppressed such production. In vivo, the messenger RNA and protein levels of Col I, FN, and α-smooth muscle actin were significantly inhibited after anti-WISP-1 antibody treatment for 7 days in unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse models. Moreover, blockade of WISP-1 by anti-WISP-1 antibody significantly reduced autophagy-related markers, including anti-microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3 (LC3) and beclin 1, while increasing sequestosome 1. In addition, overexpression of WISP-1 in TECs increased autophagy as evidenced by greater numbers of GFP-LC3 puncta and increased expression of LC3 and beclin 1 in response to TGF-β1. In contrast, knockdown of WISP-1 by small interfering RNA decreased the number of GFP-LC3 puncta and the expression of LC3 and beclin 1 in TGF-β1-treated TECs. Collectively, these data suggest that WISP-1, as a profibrotic protein, may mediate renal fibrosis by inducing autophagy in both obstructive nephropathy and TGF-β1-treated TECs. WISP-1 may serve as an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Nephrology, Du Jiang Yan Medical Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yueju Tu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yurong Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guisen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Gaudreau PO, Clairefond S, Class CA, Boulay PL, Chrobak P, Allard B, Azzi F, Pommey S, Do KA, Saad F, Trudel D, Young M, Stagg J. WISP1 is associated to advanced disease, EMT and an inflamed tumor microenvironment in multiple solid tumors. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1581545. [PMID: 31069142 PMCID: PMC6492985 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1581545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: WNT1-Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1 (WISP1) is implicated in prostate cancer growth and metastasis and the regulation of inflammation in diverse benign diseases. The objectives of this study were to assess the prognostic value of WISP1, its association to inflammation and its relevance as a biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response. Methods: Publicly available RNA-seq datasets were used to evaluate the prognostic value of WISP1 gene expression and its association with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, inflamed tumor microenvironment, and anti-PD-1 ICB response. A tissue microarray (TMA) including 285 radical prostatectomy specimens was used to confirm these associations in prostate cancer. The effect of recombinant WISP1 (rWISP1) on inflammatory cytokines was assessed in vitro. Results: High levels of WISP1 correlated with BCR-free survival in prostate adenocarcinoma and overall survival in primary melanoma, low-grade glioma, and kidney papillary cell carcinoma. Some effects could be accounted for by higher WISP1 expression in advanced disease. High WISP1 expression in prostate adenocarcinoma was correlated with CD8+ cells density. In vitro, rWISP1 increased inflammatory cytokine production. High WISP1 gene expression in RNA-seq datasets was correlated with gene signatures of multiple immune cell types as well as an inflammatory cytokine, immune checkpoint, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene expression. WISP1 mRNA expression was associated with primary resistance to ICB in datasets showing EMT. Conclusions: Our results support an association between WISP1 expression and advanced disease, EMT and an inflamed tumor microenvironment in multiple solid tumors. The consequences of WISP1 expression on cancer immunotherapy remains to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sylvie Clairefond
- Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caleb A Class
- T. Boone Pickens Academic Tower, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pierre-Luc Boulay
- Département de pharmacologie et de physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pavel Chrobak
- Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bertrand Allard
- Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Feryel Azzi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sandra Pommey
- Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- T. Boone Pickens Academic Tower, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fred Saad
- Département d'Urologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal (CHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal / CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Trudel
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Département de pathologie), Département de pathologie et axe cancer, Université de Montréal (Département de pathologie et de biologie cellulaire) et Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marian Young
- NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Stagg
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal / CRCHUM, Axe Cancer, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Lepetsos P, Papavassiliou KA, Papavassiliou AG. Redox and NF-κB signaling in osteoarthritis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 132:90-100. [PMID: 30236789 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human cells have to deal with the constant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although ROS overproduction might be harmful to cell biology, there are plenty of data showing that moderate levels of ROS control gene expression by maintaining redox signaling. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder with a multi-factorial etiology including overproduction of ROS. ROS overproduction in OA modifies intracellular signaling, chondrocyte life cycle, metabolism of cartilage matrix and contributes to synovial inflammation and dysfunction of the subchondral bone. In arthritic tissues, the NF-κB signaling pathway can be activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, mechanical stress, and extracellular matrix degradation products. This activation results in regulation of expression of many cytokines, inflammatory mediators, transcription factors, and several matrix-degrading enzymes. Overall, NF-κB signaling affects cartilage matrix remodeling, chondrocyte apoptosis, synovial inflammation, and has indirect stimulatory effects on downstream regulators of terminal chondrocyte differentiation. Interaction between redox signaling and NF-κB transcription factors seems to play a distinctive role in OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Lepetsos
- Fourth Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, 'KAT' General Hospital, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas A Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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23
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Ding X, Tong Y, Jin S, Chen Z, Li T, Billiar TR, Pitt BR, Li Q, Zhang LM. Mechanical ventilation enhances extrapulmonary sepsis-induced lung injury: role of WISP1-αvβ5 integrin pathway in TLR4-mediated inflammation and injury. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2018; 22:302. [PMID: 30445996 PMCID: PMC6240278 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background High tidal volume ventilation of healthy lungs or exacerbation of existing acute lung injury (ALI) by more moderate mechanical ventilation (MTV) produces ventilator-induced lung injury. It is less clear whether extrapulmonary sepsis sensitizes the lung to MTV. Methods We used a two-hit model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) followed 12 h later by MTV (10 ml/kg; 6 h) to determine whether otherwise noninjurious MTV enhances CLP-induced ALI by contrasting wildtype and TLR4−/− mice with respect to: alveolar-capillary permeability, histopathology and intrapulmonary levels of WNT-inducible secreted protein 1 (WISP1) and integrin β5; plasma levels of cytokines and chemokines (TNF-α, IL-6, MIP-2, MCP-1) and intrapulmonary neutrophil infiltration; and other inflammatory signaling via intrapulmonary activation of JNK, p38 and ERK. A separate cohort of mice was pretreated with intratracheal neutralizing antibodies to WISP1, integrin β5 or IgG as control and the presented phenotyping repeated in a two-hit model; there were 10 mice per group in these first three experiments. Also, isolated peritoneal macrophages (PM) from wildtype and TLR4−/−, MyD88−/− and TRIF−/− mice were used to identify a WISP1–TLR4–integrin β5 pathway; and the requisite role of integrin β5 in WISP1-induced cytokine and chemokine production in LPS-primed PM was examined by siRNA treatment. Results MTV, that in itself did not cause ALI, exacerbated increases in alveolar-capillary permeability, histopathologic scoring and indices of pulmonary inflammation in mice that previously underwent CLP; the effects of this two-hit model were abrogated in TLR4−/− mice. Attendant with these findings was a significant increase in intrapulmonary WISP1 and integrin β5 in the two-hit model. Anti-WISP1 or anti-integrin β5 antibodies partially inhibited the two-hit phenotype. In PM, activation of TLR4 led to an increase in integrin β5 expression that was MyD88 and NF-κB dependent. Recombinant WISP1 increased LPS-induced cytokine release in PM that was inhibited by silencing either TLR4 or integrin β5. Conclusions These data show for the first time that otherwise noninjurious mechanical ventilation can exacerbate ALI due to extrapulmonary sepsis underscoring a potential interactive contribution of common events (sepsis and mechanical ventilation) in critical care, and that a WISP1–TLR4–integrin β5 pathway contributes to this phenomenon. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13054-018-2237-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibing Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop St. UPMC MUH N467, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqing Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhixia Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Tunliang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya 3rd Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bruce R Pitt
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop St. UPMC MUH N467, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA.
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24
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Mechanism of fibrogenesis in submandibular glands in patients with IgG4-RD. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:577-587. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Hou SM, Hou CH, Liu JF. CX3CL1 promotes MMP-3 production via the CX3CR1, c-Raf, MEK, ERK, and NF-κB signaling pathway in osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:282. [PMID: 29268768 PMCID: PMC5740560 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that affects the cartilage, synovium, and subchondral bone and is the leading cause of disability in older populations. Specific diagnostic biomarkers are lacking; hence, treatment options for OA are limited. Synovial inflammation is very common in OA joints and has been associated with both OA’s symptoms and pathogenesis. Confirming the role of the synovium in OA pathogenesis is a promising strategy for mitigating the symptoms and progression of OA. CX3CL1 is the only member of the CX3C class of chemokines that combines the properties of chemoattractants and adhesion molecules. CX3CL1 levels in the synovium and serum were both discovered to be positively associated with OA pathogenesis. CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 belong to a family of G protein-coupled receptors. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are responsible for matrix degradation, play a crucial role in OA progression. The relationship between CX3CL1 and MMPs in the pathophysiology of OA is still unclear. Methods CX3CL1-induced MMP-3 production was assessed with quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. The mechanisms of action of CX3CL1 in different signaling pathways were studied using western blot analysis, quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. Neutralization antibodies of integrin were achieved to block the CX3CR1 signaling pathway. Luciferase assays were used to study NF-κB promoter activity. Results We investigated the signaling pathway involved in CX3CL1-induced MMP-3 production in osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts (OASFs). CX3CL1 was found to induce MMP-3 production in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. Using pharmacological inhibitors and CX3CR1 small interfering RNA to block CX3CR1 revealed that the CX3CR1 receptor was involved in the CX3CL1-mediated upregulation of MMP-3. CX3CL1-mediated MMP-3 production was attenuated by c-Raf inhibitors (GW5074) and MEK/ERK inhibitors (PD98059 and U0126). The OASFs were stimulated using CX3CL1-activated p65 phosphorylation. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that CX3CL1 activates c-Raf, MEK, ERK, and NF-κB on the MMP-3 promoter through CX3CR1, thus contributing to cartilage destruction during OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Mou Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, No. 95, Wen Chang Road, Taipei, 111, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, No. 95, Wenchang Road, Shilin, Taipei, 111, Taiwan.
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Li Y, Wang J, Song X, Bai H, Ma T, Zhang Z, Li X, Jiang R, Wang G, Fan X, Liu X, Gao L. Effects of baicalein on IL-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis in rat articular chondrocytes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90781-90795. [PMID: 29207603 PMCID: PMC5710884 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In osteoarthritis (OA), activated synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, that promote chondrocyte apoptosis and activate the NF-κB signaling pathway to induce catabolic factors. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect of baicalein on IL-1β signaling and NF-κB-regulated gene products in rat chondrocytes. Rat chondrocytes were pretreated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β for 24 h and then co-treated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β and 50 μM baicalein for 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48h. The expression levels of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), Bcl-2, caspase-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, MMP-3, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and SOX-9 were detected by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qPCR). The effects of baicalein on the translocation and phosphorylation of the NF-κB system were studied by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Baicalein stimulated the expression of anti-apoptotic genes and reduced the pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory gene products in chondrocytes. Baicalein promoted SOX-9 expression in a time-dependent manner in chondrocytes. Baicalein inhibited the NF-κB activation that was induced by IL-1β in a time-dependent manner in chondrocytes. Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of baicalein are mediated through the inhibition of the translocation of phosphorylated p65 to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwen Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinran Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Renli Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Koopmans T, Gosens R. Revisiting asthma therapeutics: focus on WNT signal transduction. Drug Discov Today 2017; 23:49-62. [PMID: 28890197 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease of the airways that develops as a consequence of both genetic and environmental factors. This interaction has highlighted genes important in early life, particularly those that control lung development, such as the Wingless/Integrase-1 (WNT) signalling pathway. Although aberrant WNT signalling is involved with an array of human conditions, it has received little attention within the context of asthma. Yet it is highly relevant, driving events involved with inflammation, airway remodelling, and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). In this review, we revisit asthma therapeutics by examining whether WNT signalling is a valid therapeutic target for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Koopmans
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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28
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In vivo inhibitory activity of andrographolide derivative ADN-9 against liver cancer and its mechanisms involved in inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 327:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Zhou M, Li P, Kang Q, Zhang L, Shang J, Liu W, Liu H. Shen-Yuan-Dan Capsule Inhibiting Inflammatory Reaction by Regulating Insulin Receptor Substrate 1/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Apoliprotein E Knockout Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2017; 33:285-291. [PMID: 28559659 PMCID: PMC5445246 DOI: 10.6515/acs20160901b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shen-Yuan-Dan Capsule (SYDC), a traditional Chinese medicine, is proposed to have the capacity to prevent angina pectoris. However, the effects and the related mechanisms of SYDC on atherosclerosis (AS) are still unknown. This study was designed to investigate the effects of SYDC on AS and inflammatory reaction in the apoliprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) mice fed with a high-fat diet. METHODS Thirty eight-week-old male ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10) 6 weeks after being fed with a high-fat diet: the control group, the lipitor group, and the SYDC group. The hearts were collected for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) or Van Gieson (VG) staining, and the aortas were collected for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western-blotting. RESULTS The data showed that the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), atherosclerotic indexes (AI) and the corrected areas of atherosclerotic plaque of the mice on SYDC group were significantly decreased compared with those of the mice in the control group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). SYDC can significantly increase collagen proportion in plaques as compared to the untreated mice (p < 0.01). In addition, the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), PI3K, Akt, NF-κB and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the mice fed with a high-fat diet were significantly reduced by SYDC (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS SYDC can exert an anti-atherosclerotic effect on ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet. The action mechanism of SYDC was attributed to its ability to inhibit inflammatory reaction by regulating IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Zhou
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100010, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100010, Beijing, China
| | - Qunfu Kang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100010, Beijing, China
| | - Juju Shang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University
| | - Weihong Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100010, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxu Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University
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30
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Yuan Y, Yang M, Wang K, Sun J, Song L, Diao X, Jiang Z, Cheng G, Wang X. Excessive activation of the TLR9/TGF-β1/PDGF-B pathway in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:70. [PMID: 28356164 PMCID: PMC5372299 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our aim is to study the existence of the TLR9/TGF-β1/PDGF-B pathway in healthy humans and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to explore its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Protein levels of the cytokines were detected by ELISA. mRNA levels of the cytokines were analyzed by real-time PCR. MTT assay was used to test the proliferation of mesangial cells under different treatments. Results Compared to healthy controls (NControl = 56), levels of Toll-like receptor (TLR)9, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) were increased significantly in the peripheral blood of SLE patients (NSLE = 112). Significant correlations between the levels of TLR9, TGF-β1, and PDGF-B were observed in both healthy controls and SLE patients. The levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF-B were greatly enhanced by TLR9 activation in primary cell cultures. The proliferation of mesangial cells induced by the plasma of SLE patients was significantly higher than that induced by healthy controls; PDGF-B was involved in this process. The protein levels of PDGF-B homodimer correlated with the levels of urine protein in SLE patients with LN (NLN =38). Conclusions The TLR9/TGF-β1/PDGF-B pathway exists in humans and can be excessively activated in SLE patients. High levels of PDGF-B may result in overproliferation of mesangial cells in the kidney that are involved in the development of glomerulonephritis and LN. Further studies are necessary to identify TLR9, TGF-β1, and PDGF-B as new therapeutic targets to prevent the development of glomerulonephritis and LN. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1238-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mingyue Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Kuo Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shanghai Wisdom Chemical Research Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lili Song
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Xue Diao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Zhenyu Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.
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Epigenetic modifications of interleukin-6 in synovial fibroblasts from osteoarthritis patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43592. [PMID: 28262826 PMCID: PMC5337936 DOI: 10.1038/srep43592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative disease of the synovial joint. The synovial membrane is responsible for the inflammatory reaction leading to the secretion of macrophage-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6. Suppressing IL-6 over-expression in synovial fibroblasts (SF) is a promising method to prevent OA development and progression, in which the prerequisite is the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying IL-6 over-expression in SF. Currently, there are few reports concerning epigenetic modifications in IL-6 in OA SF. In the present study, we attempted to investigate this phenomenon. SF over-expressing IL-6 was collected from OA patients. DNA hypomethylation and histone hyperacetylation were observed in the IL-6 promoter regions in OA SF compared with normal SF. No differences in the status of H3K9 di-methylation, H3K27 tri-methylation and H3K4 tri-methylation were observed in the IL-6 promoter regions between normal and OA SF. DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 alpha (Dnmt3a) overexpression and anacardic acid (histone acetyltransferase inhibitor) treatment increased DNA methylation and decreased histone acetylation in the IL-6 promoter, and IL-6 over-expression in OA SF was suppressed. These observations provide deeper insight into the pathogenesis of OA and can be used to design new drugs and develop new therapeutic methods to treat OA.
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32
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Lu S, Liu H, Lu L, Wan H, Lin Z, Qian K, Yao X, Chen Q, Liu W, Yan J, Liu Z. WISP1 overexpression promotes proliferation and migration of human vascular smooth muscle cells via AKT signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 788:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Amphiregulin enhances intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and promotes tumor metastasis in human osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40880-95. [PMID: 26503469 PMCID: PMC4747375 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a common, high malignant, and metastatic bone cancer. Amphiregulin (AREG) has been associated with cancer cellular activities. However, the effect of AREG on metastasis activity in human osteosarcoma cells has yet to be determined. We determined that AREG increases the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via its interaction with the epidermal growth factor receptor, thus resulting in the enhanced cell migration of osteosarcoma. Furthermore, AREG stimulation increased the association of NF-κB to ICAM-1 promoter which then up-regulated ICAM-1 expression. Finally, we observed that shRNA silencing of AREG decreased osteosarcoma metastasis in vivo. Our findings revealed a relationship between osteosarcoma metastatic potential and AREG expression and the modulating effect of AREG on ICAM-1 expression.
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Chen YJ, Chan DC, Chiang CK, Wang CC, Yang TH, Lan KC, Chao SC, Tsai KS, Yang RS, Liu SH. Advanced glycation end-products induced VEGF production and inflammatory responses in human synoviocytes via RAGE-NF-κB pathway activation. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:791-800. [PMID: 26497299 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging and diabetes are known to be the major cause to affect the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been observed to accumulate in various organs especially in joint tissue and do damage to the joint tissue during aging and diabetes. Synovial angiogenesis and inflammation are observed across the full range of OA severity. The signaling pathway of AGEs on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and inflammatory responses in synoviocytes are still unclear. Here, we investigated the role of receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and the signaling pathway involved in AGEs-induced VEGF production and inflammatory responses in human synoviocytes. Human synoviocytes were cultured and treated with AGEs (25-100 µg/ml). AGEs significantly induced the protein expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and VEGF and the productions of prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), VEGF, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in human synoviocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, AGEs markedly activated the phosphorylations of IκB kinase (IKK)α/β, IκBα, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB-p65 proteins in human synoviocytes in a time-dependent manner. Treatment with neutralizing antibody for RAGE statistically significantly decreased the AGEs-induced increase in COX-2, VEGF, PGE2, IL-6, and MMP13 and AGEs-activated NF-κB pathway activation. Taken together, these findings indicate that AGEs are capable of inducing VEGF production and inflammatory responses via RAGE-NF-κB pathway activation in human synoviocytes. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:791-800, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Cheng Chan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hua Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chuan Chao
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Keh-Sung Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Sen Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Cell surface receptors for CCN proteins. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 10:121-7. [PMID: 27098435 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The CCN family (CYR61; CTGF; NOV; CCN1-6; WISP1-3) of matricellular proteins in mammals is comprised of six homologous members that play important roles in development, inflammation, tissue repair, and a broad range of pathological processes including fibrosis and cancer. Despite considerable effort to search for a high affinity CCN-specific receptor akin to growth factor receptors, no such receptor has been found. Rather, CCNs bind several groups of multi-ligand receptors as characteristic of other matricellular proteins. The most extensively documented among CCN-binding receptors are integrins, including αvβ3, αvβ5, α5β1, α6β1, αIIbβ3, αMβ2, and αDβ2, which mediate diverse CCN functions in various cell types. CCNs also bind cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), low density liproprotein receptor-related proteins (LRPs), and the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) receptor, which are endocytic receptors that may also serve as co-receptors in cooperation with other cell surface receptors. CCNs have also been reported to bind FGFR-2, Notch, RANK, and TrkA, potentially altering the affinities of these receptors for their ligands. The ability of CCNs to bind a multitude of receptors in various cell types may account for the remarkable versatility of their functions, and underscore the diverse signaling pathways that mediate their activities.
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WISP1 mediates IL-6-dependent proliferation in primary human lung fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20547. [PMID: 26867691 PMCID: PMC4751539 DOI: 10.1038/srep20547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease. IPF is characterized by epithelial cell injury and reprogramming, increases in (myo)fibroblasts, and altered deposition of extracellular matrix. The Wnt1-inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP1) is involved in impaired epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk in pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we aimed to further investigate WISP1 regulation and function in primary human lung fibroblasts (phLFs). We demonstrate that WISP1 is directly upregulated by Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in phLFs, using a luciferase-based reporter system. WISP1 mRNA and protein secretion increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by TGFβ1 and TNFα in phLFs, as analysed by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Notably, WISP1 is required for TGFβ1- and TNFα-dependent induction of interleukin 6 (IL-6), a mechanism that is conserved in IPF phLFs. The siRNA-mediated WISP1 knockdown led to a significant IL-6 reduction after TGFβ1 or TNFα stimulation. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated downregulation or antibody-mediated neutralization of WISP1 reduced phLFs proliferation, a process that was in part rescued by IL-6. Taken together, these results strongly indicate that WISP1-induced IL-6 expression contributes to the pro-proliferative effect on fibroblasts, which is likely orchestrated by a variety of profibrotic mediators, including Wnts, TGFβ1 and TNFα.
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Abstract
Wnt-1 inducible signaling pathway-1 (WISP-1), also known as CCN-4, belongs to the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) family. WISP-1 is primarily expressed in embryonic stem cells and is involved in adult organ development. WISP-1 participates in many cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and adhesion. In addition, WISP-1 plays an important role in diverse pathophysiological processes, such as embryonic development, inflammation, injury repairs and cancers. Recent studies showed that WISP-1 was highly correlated with tumor progression and malignant transformation, whereas it played an oncogenic role in colorectal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer. However, interestingly, WISP-1 exerts a tumor-suppressing role in lung and prostate cancers. WISP-1 promotes cell proliferation, adhesion, motility, invasion, metastasis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via particular signaling pathways. In this review, we discussed the structure, expression profile, functions, clinical significance and potential mechanisms of WISP-1 in cancer and non-neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Feng
- Laboratory of Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Shuqin Jia
- Laboratory of Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Center for Molecular Diagnosis, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Maiese K. Picking a bone with WISP1 (CCN4): new strategies against degenerative joint disease. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 1:83-85. [PMID: 26893943 PMCID: PMC4755495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As the world's population continues to age, it is estimated that degenerative joint disease disorders such as osteoarthritis will impact at least 130 million individuals throughout the globe by the year 2050. Advanced age, obesity, genetics, gender, bone density, trauma, and a poor level of physical activity can lead to the onset and progression of osteoarthritis. However, factors that lead to degenerative joint disease and involve gender, genetics, epigenetic mechanisms, and advanced age are not within the control of an individual. Furthermore, current therapies including pain management, improved nutrition, and regular programs for exercise do not lead to the resolution of osteoarthritis. As a result, new avenues for targeting the treatment of osteoarthritis are desperately needed. Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1), a matricellular protein and a downstream target of the wingless pathway Wnt1, is one such target to consider that governs cellular protection, stem cell proliferation, and tissue regeneration in a number of disorders including bone degeneration. However, increased WISP1 expression also has been associated with the progression of osteoarthritis. WISP1 has an intricate relationship with a number of proliferative and protective pathways that include phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K), protein kinase B (Akt), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukin -6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β, matrix metalloproteinase, small non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs), sirtuin silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Taken together, this complex association WISP1 holds with these signaling pathways necessitates a fine biological regulation of WISP1 activity that can offset the progression of degenerative joint disease, but not limit the cellular protective capabilities of the WISP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA
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van den Bosch MH, Gleissl TA, Blom AB, van den Berg WB, van Lent PL, van der Kraan PM. Wnts talking with the TGF-β superfamily: WISPers about modulation of osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015; 55:1536-47. [PMID: 26667213 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signalling pathway is gaining increasing attention in the field of joint pathologies, attributable to its role in the development and homeostasis of the tissues found in the joint, including bone and cartilage. Imbalance in this pathway has been implicated in the development and progression of OA, and interference with the pathway might therefore depict an effective treatment strategy. Though offering multiple opportunities, it is yet to be decided which starting point will bring forth the most promising results. The complexity of the pathway and its interaction with other pathways (such as the TGF-β signalling pathway, which also has a central role in the maintenance of joint homeostasis) means that acting directly on proteins in this signalling cascade entails a high risk of undesired side effects. Therefore, interference with Wnt-induced proteins, such as WISP1, might be an overall more effective and safer therapeutic approach to inhibit the pathological events that take place during OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn H van den Bosch
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Teresa A Gleissl
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen B Blom
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim B van den Berg
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Xu Y, Lu S. Role of WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 1 in etoposide resistance in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:14962-14968. [PMID: 26628978 PMCID: PMC4658867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT The aim of this study was to explore the role of WNT1-inducible-signaling Pathway Protein 1 (WISP-1) in etoposide resistance in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. METHODS WISP-1 overexpression A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell was established. After exposure to ultraviolet (UV) and etoposide, cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated. Moreover, western-blot was employed to examine the expression of apoptotic pathway proteins. In addition, a nude mice tumor model was established to examine the effect of WISP-1 overexpression in vivo and TUNEL staining was used to assess cell apoptosis of tumor tissue. RESULTS WISP-1 overexpression significantly increased cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis after treatment with UV and etoposide. Decreased expression of Bad and Bax and increased expression of Bcl-2 was found after etoposide treatment in WISP-1 overexpressed cells. A significantly increasing of tumor volume in WISP-1 overexpressed group was found and TUNEL staining revealed that decreased cell apoptosis in WISP-1 overexpressed group. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that WISP-1 may have a facilitating role in etoposide resistance through increasing cell viability and decreasing cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Xu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030, China
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Withofs N, Charlier E, Simoni P, Alvarez-Miezentseva V, Mievis F, Giacomelli F, Mella C, Gambhir SS, Malaise O, de Seny D, Malaise M, Hustinx R. ¹⁸F-FPRGD₂ PET/CT imaging of musculoskeletal disorders. Ann Nucl Med 2015; 29:839-47. [PMID: 26254227 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-015-1011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work reports on musculoskeletal uptake of ¹⁸F-FPRGD₂, targeting the integrin αvβ3, in patients who had undergone ¹⁸F-FPRGD₂ positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) for oncologic purposes. METHODS Whole-body ¹⁸F-FPRGD₂ PET/CT images of 62 cancer patients were retrospectively reviewed to detect foci of musculoskeletal ¹⁸F-FPRGD₂ uptake. For 37 patients, a FDG PET/CT performed in clinical settings was available. In each joint with an abnormal uptake, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was estimated. RESULTS A total of 260 musculoskeletal foci of ¹⁸F-FPRGD₂ uptake were detected. Most common sites of uptake were joints and discs (n = 160; 61.5%), entheses (osteotendinous and osteoligamentous junctions; n = 55; 21.2%) and recent fractures (n = 18; 6.9%). In addition, 27 (10.4%) miscellaneous foci were detected. Out of the 146 lesions for which a FDG PET was available, 63% showed both ¹⁸F-FPRGD₂ and FDG uptake, 33.6% did not show FDG avidity and 3.4% showed only FDG uptake. The uptake intensity of the 92 lesions positive with ¹⁸F-FPRGD₂ and FDG was similar with both radiopharmaceuticals, but the target-to-background (blood pool or muscle) ratios were significantly higher with ¹⁸F-FPRGD₂ than with FDG (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The ¹⁸F-FPRGD₂ uptake in joints, spine degenerative diseases and tendons was highly prevalent in our population. Up to one-third of ¹⁸F-FPRGD₂ foci showed no FDG uptake suggesting that ¹⁸F-FPRGD₂ signal may not be related to inflammatory angiogenesis only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Withofs
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Oncological Imaging, Department of Medical Physics, CHU Liege, Liege, Belgium.
| | - Edith Charlier
- Department and Laboratory of Rheumatology CHU Liege and GIGA-Research, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Paolo Simoni
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical Physics, CHU Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Frédéric Mievis
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Christine Mella
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Malaise
- Department and Laboratory of Rheumatology CHU Liege and GIGA-Research, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Dominique de Seny
- Department and Laboratory of Rheumatology CHU Liege and GIGA-Research, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Michel Malaise
- Department and Laboratory of Rheumatology CHU Liege and GIGA-Research, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Roland Hustinx
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Oncological Imaging, Department of Medical Physics, CHU Liege, Liege, Belgium
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Malik AR, Liszewska E, Jaworski J. Matricellular proteins of the Cyr61/CTGF/NOV (CCN) family and the nervous system. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:237. [PMID: 26157362 PMCID: PMC4478388 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are secreted proteins that exist at the border of cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, instead of playing a role in structural integrity of the ECM, these proteins, that act as modulators of various surface receptors, have a regulatory function and instruct a multitude of cellular responses. Among matricellular proteins are members of the Cyr61/CTGF/NOV (CCN) protein family. These proteins exert their activity by binding directly to integrins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans and activating multiple intracellular signaling pathways. CCN proteins also influence the activity of growth factors and cytokines and integrate their activity with integrin signaling. At the cellular level, CCN proteins regulate gene expression and cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, senescence, adhesion, and migration. To date, CCN proteins have been extensively studied in the context of osteo- and chondrogenesis, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis, but the expression of these proteins is also observed in a variety of tissues. The role of CCN proteins in the nervous system has not been systematically studied or described. Thus, the major aim of this review is to introduce the CCN protein family to the neuroscience community. We first discuss the structure, interactions, and cellular functions of CCN proteins and then provide a detailed review of the available data on the neuronal expression and contribution of CCN proteins to nervous system development, function, and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Malik
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Liszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Warsaw, Poland
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Zhang CL, Zeng T, Zhao XL, Xie KQ. Garlic Oil Suppressed Nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Hepatocarcinoma in Rats by Inhibiting PI3K-AKT-NF-κB Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:643-51. [PMID: 25999787 PMCID: PMC4440254 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the underlying mechanisms for the protective effects of garlic oil (GO) against nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinoma, 60 male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups (n=15): control group, NDEA group, and two GO plus NDEA groups. The rats in GO plus NDEA groups were pretreated with GO (20 or 40 mg/kg) for 7 days. Then, all rats except those in control group were gavaged with NDEA for 20 weeks, and the rats in GO plus NDEA groups were continuously administered with GO. The results showed that GO co-treatment significantly suppressed the NDEA-induced increases of alpha fetal protein (AFP) level in serum, nuclear atypia in H&E staining, sirius red-positive areas and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. The molecular mechanisms exploration revealed that the protein levels of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-p85, PI3K-p110, total AKT, p-AKT (Ser473) and p-AKT (Thr308) in the liver of NDEA group rats were higher than those in control group rats. In addition, NDEA treatment induced IκB degradation and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and up-regulated the protein levels of downstream pro-inflammatory mediators. GO co-treatment significantly reversed all the above adverse effects induced by NDEA. These results suggested that the protective effects of GO against NDEA-induced hepatocarcinoma might be associated with the suppression of PI3K- AKT-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Li Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Lan Zhao
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Qin Xie
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
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Stephens S, Palmer J, Konstantinova I, Pearce A, Jarai G, Day E. A functional analysis of Wnt inducible signalling pathway protein -1 (WISP-1/CCN4). J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:63-72. [PMID: 25657057 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt-1 inducible signalling pathway protein 1 (WISP-1/CCN4) is an extracellular matrix protein that belongs to the Cyr61 (cysteine-rich protein 61), CTGF (connective tissue growth factor) and NOV (CCN) family and plays a role in multiple cellular processes. No specific WISP-1 receptors have been identified but emerging evidence suggests WISP-1 mediates its downstream effects by binding to integrins. Here we describe a functional analysis of integrin receptor usage by WISP-1. Truncated WISP-1 proteins were produced using a baculovirus expression system. Full length WISP-1 and truncated proteins were evaluated for their ability to induce adhesion in A549 epithelial cells and β-catenin activation and CXCL3 secretion in fibroblasts (NRK49-F cells). Subsequent inhibition of these responses by neutralising integrin antibodies was evaluated. A549 cells demonstrated adhesion to full-length WISP-1 whilst truncated proteins containing VWC, TSP or CT domains also induced adhesion, with highest activity observed with proteins containing the C-terminal TSP and CT domains. Likewise the ability to induce β-catenin activation and CXCL3 secretion was retained in truncations containing C-terminal domains. Pre-treatment of A549s with either integrin αVβ5, αVβ3 or β1 neutralising antibodies partially inhibited full length WISP-1 induced adhesion whilst combining integrin αVβ5 and β1 antibodies increased the potency of this effect. Incubation of NRK49-F cells with integrin neutralising antibodies failed to effect β-catenin translocation or CXCL3 secretion. Analysis of natural WISP-1 derived from human lung tissue showed the native protein is a high order oligomer. Our data suggest that WISP-1 mediated adhesion of A549 cells is an integrin-driven event regulated by the C-terminal domains of the protein. Activation of β-catenin signalling and CXCL3 secretion also resides within the C-terminal domains of WISP-1 but are not regulated by integrins. The oligomeric nature of native WISP-1 may drive a high avidity interaction with these receptors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stephens
- Novartis Horsham Research Centre, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Wimblehust Road, Horsham, RH12 5AB, UK
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Wang F, Wu L, Li L, Chen S. Monotropein exerts protective effects against IL-1β-induced apoptosis and catabolic responses on osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:575-80. [PMID: 25466264 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, characterized by a loss of articular cartilage accompanied with inflammation, is the most common age-associated degenerative disease. Monotropein, an iridoids glycoside isolated from the roots of Morinda officinalis How, has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, monotropein was firstly to exhibit cartilage protective activity by down regulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the knee synovial fluid in vivo. The anti-apoptotic and anti-catabolic effects of monotropein on rat OA chondrocytes treated by IL-1β were investigated in vitro. In cultured chondrocytes, monotropein attenuated apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in response to IL-1β stimulation. Moreover, treatment with monotropein, the expressions of MMP-3 and MMP-13 were significantly decreased, the expression of COL2A1 was increased. Taken together, these findings suggested that monotropein exerted anti-apoptosis and anti-catabolic activity in chondrocytes, which might support its possible therapeutic role in OA.
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46
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Cellular and molecular actions of CCN2/CTGF and its role under physiological and pathological conditions. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 128:181-96. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20140264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CCN family protein 2 (CCN2), also widely known as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), is one of the founding members of the CCN family of matricellular proteins. Extensive investigation on CCN2 over decades has revealed the novel molecular action and functional properties of this unique signalling modulator. By its interaction with multiple molecular counterparts, CCN2 yields highly diverse and context-dependent biological outcomes in a variety of microenvironments. Nowadays, CCN2 is recognized to conduct the harmonized development of relevant tissues, such as cartilage and bone, in the skeletal system, by manipulating extracellular signalling molecules involved therein by acting as a hub through a web. However, on the other hand, CCN2 occasionally plays profound roles in major human biological disorders, including fibrosis and malignancies in major organs and tissues, by modulating the actions of key molecules involved in these clinical entities. In this review, the physiological and pathological roles of this unique protein are comprehensively summarized from a molecular network-based viewpoint of CCN2 functionalities.
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Wu L, Liu H, Li L, Liu H, Yang K, Liu Z, Huang H. 5,7,3',4'-Tetramethoxyflavone exhibits chondroprotective activity by targeting β-catenin signaling in vivo and in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:682-8. [PMID: 25193704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disorder, which remains the leading cause of chronic disability in aged people. This study is the first report which demonstrates the cartilage protective effect of 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF) by decreasing the concentration of IL-1β, TNF-α and PGE2 in the knee synovial fluid in OA rat models in vivo. In vitro, after induced by PGE2, the apoptosis rate of chondrocytes was significantly increased. In addition, PGE2 increased the expression of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in chondrocytes, stabilized and accumulated β-catenin, and activated the expression of β-catenin signaling pathway. These activities were counteracted by TMF dose-dependently. Collectively, TMF is a potential compound with chondroprotective activity by inhibiting both EP/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Haiqing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhaowen Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Linares J, Matesanz MC, Vila M, Feito MJ, Gonçalves G, Vallet-Regí M, Marques PAAP, Portolés MT. Endocytic mechanisms of graphene oxide nanosheets in osteoblasts, hepatocytes and macrophages. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:13697-706. [PMID: 24979758 DOI: 10.1021/am5031598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nano-graphene oxide (GO) has attracted great interest in nanomedicine due to its own intrinsic properties and its possible biomedical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering and hyperthermia cancer therapy. However, the toxicity of GO nanosheets is not yet well-known and it is necessary to understand its entry mechanisms into mammalian cells in order to avoid cell damage and human toxicity. In the present study, the cellular uptake of pegylated GO nanosheets of ca. 100 nm labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-PEG-GOs) has been evaluated in the presence of eight inhibitors (colchicine, wortmannin, amiloride, cytochalasin B, cytochalasin D, genistein, phenylarsine oxide and chlorpromazine) that specifically affect different endocytosis mechanisms. Three cell types were chosen for this study: human Saos-2 osteoblasts, human HepG2 hepatocytes and murine RAW-264.7 macrophages. The results show that different mechanisms take part in FITC-PEG-GOs uptake, depending on the characteristics of each cell type. However, macropinocytosis seems to be a general internalization process in the three cell lines analyzed. Besides macropinocytosis, FITC-PEG-GOs can enter through pathways dependent on microtubules in Saos-2 osteoblasts, and through clathrin-dependent mechanisms in HepG2 hepatocytes and RAW-264.7 macrophages. HepG2 cells can also phagocytize FITC-PEG-GOs. These findings help to understand the interactions at the interface of GO nanosheets and mammalian cells and must be considered in further studies focused on their use for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Linares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Signaling pathways in cartilage repair. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8667-98. [PMID: 24837833 PMCID: PMC4057753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult healthy cartilage, chondrocytes are in a quiescent phase characterized by a fine balance between anabolic and catabolic activities. In ageing, degenerative joint diseases and traumatic injuries of cartilage, a loss of homeostatic conditions and an up-regulation of catabolic pathways occur. Since cartilage differentiation and maintenance of homeostasis are finely tuned by a complex network of signaling molecules and biophysical factors, shedding light on these mechanisms appears to be extremely relevant for both the identification of pathogenic key factors, as specific therapeutic targets, and the development of biological approaches for cartilage regeneration. This review will focus on the main signaling pathways that can activate cellular and molecular processes, regulating the functional behavior of cartilage in both physiological and pathological conditions. These networks may be relevant in the crosstalk among joint compartments and increased knowledge in this field may lead to the development of more effective strategies for inducing cartilage repair.
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50
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Hou CH, Lin FL, Tong KB, Hou SM, Liu JF. Transforming growth factor alpha promotes osteosarcoma metastasis by ICAM-1 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 89:453-63. [PMID: 24685520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone and is characterized by a high malignant and metastatic potential. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) is classified as the EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like family, which is involved in cancer cellular activities such as proliferation, motility, migration, adhesion and invasion abilities. However, the effect of TGF-α on human osteosarcoma is largely unknown. We found that TGF-α increased the cell migration and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human osteosarcoma cells. Transfection of cells with ICAM-1 siRNA reduced TGF-α-mediated cell migration. We also found that the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/NF-κB pathway was activated after TGF-α treatment, and TGF-α-induced expression of ICAM-1 and cell migration was inhibited by the specific inhibitors and siRNAs of PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB cascades. In addition, knockdown of TGF-α expression markedly decreased cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that TGF-α/EGFR interaction elicits PI3K and Akt activation, which in turn activates NF-κB, resulting in the expression of ICAM-1 and contributing the migration of human osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Biao Tong
- Veterinarian Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Mon Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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