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Benucci M, Damiani A, Russo E, Guiducci S, Li Gobbi F, Fusi P, Grossi V, Amedei A, Manfredi M, Infantino M. The Association of uPA, uPAR, and suPAR System with Inflammation and Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis: suPAR as a Biomarker in the Light of a Personalized Medicine Perspective. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12121984. [PMID: 36556207 PMCID: PMC9788564 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12121984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the involvement of the soluble urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) in the pathophysiological modulation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has been documented, resulting in the activation of several intracellular inflammatory pathways. METHODS We investigated the correlation of urokinase Plasminogen Activator (uPA)/urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR) expression and suPAR with inflammation and joint damage in RA, evaluating their potential role in a precision medicine context. RESULTS Currently, suPAR has been shown to be a potential biomarker for the monitoring of Systemic Chronic Inflammation (SCI) and COVID-19. However, the effects due to suPAR interaction in immune cells are also involved in both RA onset and progression. To date, the literature data on suPAR in RA endorse its potential application as a biomarker of inflammation and subsequent joint damage. CONCLUSION Available evidence about suPAR utility in the RA field is promising, and future research should further investigate its use in clinical practice, resulting in a big step forward for precision medicine. As it is elevated in different types of inflammation, suPAR could potentially work as an adjunctive tool for the screening of RA patients. In addition, a suPAR system has been shown to be involved in RA pathogenesis, so new data about the therapeutic response to Jak inhibitors can represent a possible way to develop further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Benucci
- Rheumatology Unit, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, 50143 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-6932636; Fax: +39-055-6932099
| | - Arianna Damiani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Guiducci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Li Gobbi
- Rheumatology Unit, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Fusi
- Rheumatology Unit, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Mariangela Manfredi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Infantino
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, 50143 Florence, Italy
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Hodgkinson T, Amado IN, O'Brien FJ, Kennedy OD. The role of mechanobiology in bone and cartilage model systems in characterizing initiation and progression of osteoarthritis. APL Bioeng 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0068277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hodgkinson
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isabel N. Amado
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oran D. Kennedy
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Welhaven HD, McCutchen CN, June RK. Effects of mechanical stimulation on metabolomic profiles of SW1353 chondrocytes: shear and compression. Biol Open 2022; 11:274218. [PMID: 35113136 PMCID: PMC8822358 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is a biological phenomenon where mechanical stimuli are converted to biochemical responses. A model system for studying mechanotransduction are the chondrocytes of articular cartilage. Breakdown of this tissue results in decreased mobility, increased pain, and reduced quality of life. Either disuse or overloading can disrupt cartilage homeostasis, but physiological cyclical loading promotes cartilage homeostasis. To model this, we exposed SW1353 cells to cyclical mechanical stimuli, shear and compression, for different durations of time (15 and 30 min). By utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), metabolomic profiles were generated detailing metabolite features and biological pathways that are altered in response to mechanical stimulation. In total, 1457 metabolite features were detected. Statistical analyses identified several pathways of interest. Taken together, differences between experimental groups were associated with inflammatory pathways, lipid metabolism, beta-oxidation, central energy metabolism, and amino acid production. These findings expand our understanding of chondrocyte mechanotransduction under varying loading conditions and time periods. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope D Welhaven
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Molecular Biosciences Program, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Carley N McCutchen
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Ronald K June
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman MT 59717, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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4
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Li Z, Li JN, Li Q, Liu C, Zhou LH, Zhang Q, Xu Y. miR-25-5p regulates endothelial progenitor cell differentiation in response to shear stress through targeting ABCA1. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1876-1886. [PMID: 33945659 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The importance of flow shear stress (SS) on the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has been demonstrated in various studies. Cholesterol retention and microRNA regulation have been also proposed as relevant factors involved in this process, though evidence regarding their regulatory roles in the differentiation of EPCs is currently lacking. In the present study on high shear stress (HSS)-induced differentiation of EPCs, we investigated the importance of ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1), an important regulator in cholesterol efflux, and miR-25-5p, a potential regulator of endothelial reconstruction. We first revealed an inverse correlation between miR-25-5p and ABCA1 expression levels in EPCs under HSS treatment; their direct interaction was subsequently validated by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Further studies using flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that both miR-25-5p overexpression and ABCA1 inhibition led to elevated levels of specific markers of endothelial cells, with concomitant downregulation of smooth muscle cell markers. Finally, knockdown of ABCA1 in EPCs significantly promoted tube formation, which confirmed our conjecture. Our current results suggest that miR-25-5p might regulate the differentiation of EPCs partially through targeting ABCA1, and such a mechanism might account for HSS-induced differentiation of EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Blue Cross Brain Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Nan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai affiliated to Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Blue Cross Brain Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Hua Zhou
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Blue Cross Brain Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Blue Cross Brain Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai affiliated to Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Cheng HJ, Hsu WT, Chen CN, Li C. Activation of NOTCH1 by Shear Force Elicits Immediate Cytokine Expression in Human Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144958. [PMID: 32674293 PMCID: PMC7404062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is caused by overloading of joints and is characterized by inflammation-induced disruption of cartilage structure. Current treatment strategy aims to relieve inflammation and prevent further deterioration of joint function. However, how mechanical force leads to inflammation and deterioration of chondrocyte function still remains incompletely understood. To explore the force-regulated molecular mechanism, an in vitro hydraulic shear force experiment to simulate the condition of force loading was required. The result demonstrated that multiple cytokines and immune regulators, including interleukin 8, interferon β, TRAF1 and TNFAIP3, were significantly increased by shear force within two hours of treatment. Moreover, JAG1 and HES1 were drastically upregulated as well, suggesting that NOTCH1 signaling is activated by shear force. Short-term expression of NOTCH1 intracellular domain activated a similar set of cytokines, indicating that NOTCH1 responds to shear force and activates downstream genes. When incubated under the medium conditioned by NOTCH1-activated chondrocyte, osteoblasts expressed higher levels of interferon β and interferon λ. Together, our results indicated that NOTCH1 functions as a force sensor and promotes expression of cytokines and immune regulators from shear-force bearing chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jen Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan; (H.-J.C.); (W.-T.H.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Shinnhomei Clinic, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan; (H.-J.C.); (W.-T.H.)
| | - Cheng-Nan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
| | - Chin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan; (H.-J.C.); (W.-T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 886-5-272-0411; Fax: 886-5-272-2871
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Zhang H, Cai D, Bai X. Macrophages regulate the progression of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:555-561. [PMID: 31982565 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OA is now well accepted as a low-grade inflammatory disease affecting the whole joint. In addition to mechanical loading, inflammation (particularly synovitis), contributes significantly to OA. Synovial macrophages act as immune cells and are of critical importance in the symptomology and structural progression of OA. Activated macrophages are regulated by mTOR, NF-κB, JNK, PI3K/Akt and other signaling pathways, and are polarized into either M1 or M2 subtypes in OA synovial tissues, synovial fluid, and peripheral blood. The activation state and the M1/M2 ratio is highly associated with OA severity. Aside from autocrine interactions, paracrine interactions between macrophages and chondrocytes play a vital role in the initiation and development of OA by secreting inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which lead to subsequent cartilage degradation and destruction. Treatments targeting synovial macrophages relieve pain, and protect from synovitis, cartilage damage, and osteophyte formation during OA development. Macrophage reprogramming of transformation from the M1 to M2 subtype, more than a decrease in the quantity of activated macrophages, appears to be an effective treatment option for OA. This review provides a broad understanding of the contributions of polarized macrophages to joint health and disease. Multifunctional agents with immunomodulatory effects on macrophage reprogramming can skew the inflammatory microenvironment towards a pro-chondrogenic atmosphere, and are thus, potential therapeutic options for the treatment of OA and other immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - D Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - X Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, 510005, Guangzhou, China.
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Han F, Wang J, Ding L, Hu Y, Li W, Yuan Z, Guo Q, Zhu C, Yu L, Wang H, Zhao Z, Jia L, Li J, Yu Y, Zhang W, Chu G, Chen S, Li B. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Achievements, Future, and Sustainability in Asia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:83. [PMID: 32266221 PMCID: PMC7105900 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring innovative solutions to improve the healthcare of the aging and diseased population continues to be a global challenge. Among a number of strategies toward this goal, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) has gradually evolved into a promising approach to meet future needs of patients. TERM has recently received increasing attention in Asia, as evidenced by the markedly increased number of researchers, publications, clinical trials, and translational products. This review aims to give a brief overview of TERM development in Asia over the last decade by highlighting some of the important advances in this field and featuring major achievements of representative research groups. The development of novel biomaterials and enabling technologies, identification of new cell sources, and applications of TERM in various tissues are briefly introduced. Finally, the achievement of TERM in Asia, including important publications, representative discoveries, clinical trials, and examples of commercial products will be introduced. Discussion on current limitations and future directions in this hot topic will also be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxuan Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Luguang Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanbin Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenquan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhangqin Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qianping Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Caihong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Luanluan Jia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yingkang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Genglei Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
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Chen TC, Yen CK, Lu YC, Shi CS, Hsieh RZ, Chang SF, Chen CN. The antagonism of 6-shogaol in high-glucose-activated NLRP3 inflammasome and consequent calcification of human artery smooth muscle cells. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:5. [PMID: 31938471 PMCID: PMC6953308 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular calcification is the major reason for high mortality of cardiovascular complications for diabetes. Interleukin (IL)-1β has been implicated in this pathogenesis, but its precise role and clinical evidence have not been clearly identified. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate whether high concentration of glucose (HG), which mimics the hyperglycemia environment, could initiate vascular calcification through NLRP3/IL-1β inflammasome and the underlying mechanism. Recently, 6-shogaol, a major ginger derivate, has been elucidated its pharmaceutic role for various diseases. Therefore, the aims of this study also determined 6-shogaol effect in vascular calcification of HG initiation. Result Human artery smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were used in this study. Glucose concentrations at 5 and 25 mM were defined as normal and HG status, respectively. The results showed that HG could increase the NLRP3, cleaved caspase 1, and pro/mature IL-1β levels to induce the expressions of bone-related matrix proteins and subsequent HASMC calcification. This process was regulated by Akt activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, 6-shogaol could inhibit the Akt/ROS signaling and NLRP3/caspase 1/IL-1β inflammasome and hence attenuated HASMC calcification. Conclusions This study elucidates the detailed mechanism of HG-initiated HASMC calcification through NLRP3/caspase 1/IL-1β inflammasome and indicates a potential therapeutic role of 6-shogaol in vascular calcification complication of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chuan Chen
- 1Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kung Yen
- 2Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Lu
- 2Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Sheng Shi
- 3Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,4Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Ze Hsieh
- 3Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,5Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fu Chang
- 5Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Nan Chen
- 6Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600 Taiwan
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Sharifi N, Gharravi AM. Shear bioreactors stimulating chondrocyte regeneration, a systematic review. Inflamm Regen 2019; 39:16. [PMID: 31410225 PMCID: PMC6686520 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-019-0105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that the mechanical stimuli are important factors in the maintenance of normal structure and function of the articular cartilage. Despite extensive efforts, the cellular mechanisms underlying the responses of articular chondrocytes to mechanical stresses are not well understood. In the present review, different types of shear bioreactor and potential mechanisms that mediate and regulate the effect of shear on chondrocyte are discussed. For this review, the search of the literature was done in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of sciences databases to identify papers reporting data about shear on chondrocyte. Keywords “shear, chondrocyte, cartilage, bioreactor” were used. Studies published until the first of March 2018 were considered in this paper. The review focused on the experimental studies conducted the effect of shear stress on cartilage tissue in vivo and in vitro. In this review, both experimental studies referring to human and animal tissues were taken into account. The following articles were excluded: reviews, meta-analysis, duplicate records, letters, and papers that did not add significant information. Mechanism of shear stress on chondrocyte, briefly can be hypothesized as (1) altered expression of aggrecan and collagen type II, (2) altered cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) serum levels, consequently, organizing the arrangement binding of glycosaminoglycans, integrins, and collagen, (3) induction of apoptosis signals, (4) altered expression of integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Sharifi
- 1Student Research Committee, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Anneh Mohammad Gharravi
- 2Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Vaca-González JJ, Guevara JM, Moncayo MA, Castro-Abril H, Hata Y, Garzón-Alvarado DA. Biophysical Stimuli: A Review of Electrical and Mechanical Stimulation in Hyaline Cartilage. Cartilage 2019; 10:157-172. [PMID: 28933195 PMCID: PMC6425540 DOI: 10.1177/1947603517730637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyaline cartilage degenerative pathologies induce morphologic and biomechanical changes resulting in cartilage tissue damage. In pursuit of therapeutic options, electrical and mechanical stimulation have been proposed for improving tissue engineering approaches for cartilage repair. The purpose of this review was to highlight the effect of electrical stimulation and mechanical stimuli in chondrocyte behavior. DESIGN Different information sources and the MEDLINE database were systematically revised to summarize the different contributions for the past 40 years. RESULTS It has been shown that electric stimulation may increase cell proliferation and stimulate the synthesis of molecules associated with the extracellular matrix of the articular cartilage, such as collagen type II, aggrecan and glycosaminoglycans, while mechanical loads trigger anabolic and catabolic responses in chondrocytes. CONCLUSION The biophysical stimuli can increase cell proliferation and stimulate molecules associated with hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Vaca-González
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Johana M. Guevara
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Miguel A. Moncayo
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Hector Castro-Abril
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yoshie Hata
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diego A. Garzón-Alvarado
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
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Huang K, Wu LD. Dehydroepiandrosterone: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in osteoarthritis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 183:27-38. [PMID: 29787833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a 19-carbon steroid hormone primarily synthesized in the adrenal gland, exerts a chondroprotective effect against osteoarthritis (OA) and has been considered an effective candidate of disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) that slow disease progression. We and others previously demonstrated that DHEA exerted a beneficial effect on osteoarthritic cartilage by positively modulating the balance between anabolic and catabolic factors (e.g., MMPs/TIMP-1, ADAMTS/TIMP-3 and cysteine proteinases/cystatin C), inhibiting catabolic signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin), and suppressing proinflammatory cytokines-mediated low-grade synovial inflammation (e.g., IL-1β). However, the full picture of the pharmacological molecular mechanism(s) underlying the activity of DHEA against OA is still incomplete, and a comprehensive and up-to-date review article in this field is unavailable. In this review, recent findings (apart from the well documented pathogenesis of OA) regarding disease-related mechanisms involving low grade synovial inflammation, cartilage matrix stiffness, chondrocyte autophagy and the roles of a variety of catabolic cellular signaling pathways are discussed. Moreover, the possible relationship between these disease-related mechanisms and DHEA action is discussed. Emerging evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies were scrutinized and are concisely presented to demonstrate the investigational and putative mechanisms underlying the anti-OA potential of DHEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Li-Dong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, China
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Chang SF, Huang KC, Chang HI, Lee KC, Su YP, Chen CN. 2 dyn/cm 2 shear force upregulates kruppel-like factor 4 expression in human chondrocytes to inhibit the interleukin-1β-activated nuclear factor-κB. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:958-968. [PMID: 30132856 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The shear force effect on human chondrocytes is time and magnitude dependent. Recently, kruppel-like factor (KLF) 4 has been identified as a pleiotropic protein and its activity in cells is dependent on different stimuli and/or cell types. The role of KLF4 in chondrocytes is still unclear and there has been no report determining whether shear force regulates KLF4 levels in chondrocytes. Hence, this study was carried out to investigate the role of KLF4 in human chondrocytes under shear force stimulation and the underlying mechanism. Human primary and SW1353 chondrocytes were used in this study. The shear forces at 2, 5, or 15 dyn/cm2 intensity were applied to both types of human chondrocytes. The specific small interfering RNAs, activators, and inhibitors were used to study the detailed mechanism of shear force. The presented results showed that 2, but not 5 and 15, dyn/cm2 shear force increases KLF4 expression in human primary and SW1353 chondrocytes. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ transcription activity to increase KLF4 transcription. Moreover, the KLF4 induction in human chondrocytes in response to 2 dyn/cm2 shear force could attenuate interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated nuclear factor-κB activation. These results elucidate the role of KLF4 in antagonizing the effect of IL-1β in human chondrocytes under 2 dyn/cm2 shear force stimulation and provide a possible mechanism to demonstrate the protection of moderate forces or exercises in cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chao Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Su
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Nan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Li Y, Sella C, Lemaître F, Guille-Collignon M, Amatore C, Thouin L. Downstream Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Primary Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Released by Cell Populations in an Integrated Microfluidic Device. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9386-9394. [PMID: 29979582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An innovative microfluidic platform was designed to monitor electrochemically four primary reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) released by aerobic cells. Taking advantage of the space confinement and electrode performances under flow conditions, only a few experiments were sufficient to directly provide significant statistical data relative to the average behavior of cells during oxidative-stress bursts. The microfluidic platform comprised an upstream microchamber for cell culture and four parallel microchannels located downstream for separately detecting H2O2, ONOO-, NO·, and NO2-. Amperometric measurements were performed at highly sensitive Pt-black electrodes implemented in the microchannels. RAW 264.7 macrophage secretions triggered by a calcium ionophore were used as a way to assess the performance, sensitivity, and specificity of the integrated microfluidic device. In comparison with some previous evaluations achieved from single-cell measurements, reproducible and relevant determinations validated the proof of concept of this microfluidic platform for analyzing statistically significant oxidative-stress responses of various cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie , École normale supérieure, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Catherine Sella
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie , École normale supérieure, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie , École normale supérieure, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Manon Guille-Collignon
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie , École normale supérieure, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Christian Amatore
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie , École normale supérieure, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Laurent Thouin
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie , École normale supérieure, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
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Dinesh P, Rasool M. uPA/uPAR signaling in rheumatoid arthritis: Shedding light on its mechanism of action. Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:31-39. [PMID: 29859810 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic and chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting multiple joints. Various cytokines, chemokines and growth factors synergistically modulate the joint physiology leading to bone erosion and cartilage degradation. Other than these conventional mediators that are well established in the past, the newly identified plasminogen activator (PA) family of proteins have been witnessed to possess a multifactorial approach in mediating RA pathogenesis. One such family of proteins comprises of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR)/soluble-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR). PA family of proteins are classified into two types namely: uPA and tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA). Both these subtypes have been implicated to play a key role in RA disease progression. However during RA pathogenesis, uPA secreted by neutrophils, chondrocytes, and monocytes are designated to interact with uPAR expressed on macrophages, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), chondrocytes and endothelial cells. Interaction of uPA/uPAR promotes the disease progression of RA through secretion of several cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Moreover, uPA/uPAR initiates inflammatory responses in macrophages and FLS through activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Furthermore, uPAR plays a dual role in osteoclastogenesis under the presence/absence of growth factors like monocyte-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). Overall, this review emphasizes the role of uPA/uPAR on various immune cells, signaling pathways and osteoclastogenesis involved in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palani Dinesh
- Immunopathology Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - MahaboobKhan Rasool
- Immunopathology Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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15
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Su YP, Chen CN, Chang HI, Huang KC, Cheng CC, Chiu FY, Lee KC, Lo CM, Chang SF. Low Shear Stress Attenuates COX-2 Expression Induced by Resistin in Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1448-1457. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Su
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Surgery; School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Nan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology; National Chiayi University; Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology; National Chiayi University; Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Chiayi Branch; Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Chiayi Branch; Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yao Chiu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; Veterans General Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Surgery; School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chao Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery; Department of Surgery; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chun-Min Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Research and Development; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Chiayi Branch; Chiayi Taiwan
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Fulvic acid attenuates homocysteine-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human monocytes. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:61. [PMID: 25888188 PMCID: PMC4369892 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Homocysteine and pro-inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) have been linked to vascular dysfunction and risks of cardiovascular diseases. Fulvic acid (FA), a class of compounds of humic substances, possesses various pharmacological properties. However, the effect of FA on inflammatory responses of the monocytes remains unclear. We investigated the regulatory effect of FA on homocysteine-induced COX-2 expression in human monocytes. Methods Peripheral blood monocytes and U937 cells were used for all experiments. Real-time PCR and ELISA assay were used to analyze the COX-2 mRNA expression and PGE2 secretion, respectively. Specific inhibitors were used to investigate the mechanism of homocysteine-mediating COX-2 mRNA expression and PGE2 secretion. Luciferase assay, transcription factor ELISA, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to determine the role of nuclear factor-κB in FA-mediated inhibition of homocysteine effect on monocytes. Results The results show that pretreating monocytes with FA inhibited the homocysteine-induced COX-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Stimulation of U937 monocytes with homocysteine induced rapid increases in the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK; the inhibitor for ERK and JNK attenuated the homocysteine-induced nuclear factor-κB activation and COX-2 expression. Transcription factor ELISA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that FA blocked the homocysteine-induced increases in the binding activity and in vivo promoter binding of nuclear factor-κB in monocytes. Conclusions Our findings provide a molecular mechanism by which FA inhibits homocysteine-induced COX-2 expression in monocytes, and a basis for using FA in pharmaceutical therapy against inflammation.
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Wang WS, Guo FJ, Li CJ, Zhang ZD, Shi CH. Construction and verification of the targeted uPA-shRNA lentiviral vector and evaluation of the transfection and silencing rate. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:435-441. [PMID: 25009597 PMCID: PMC4079424 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) receptors, which are released by the synovial tissue, are responsible for the activation of cartilage-breakdown proteases and play critical roles in cartilage degradation during the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). RNA interference (RNAi) technology has emerged as a potent tool to generate cellular knockdown phenotypes of a desired gene. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of siRNA specific to the uPA gene on chondrocytes and to investigate the possible mechanisms of OA. Firstly, four types of small hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequence (P1, P2, P3 and P4) were obtained from the targeted uPA gene of the New Zealand rabbit, based on siRNA theory. The sequences were designed, constructed and subjected to restriction enzyme digestion, transformation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification, positive clone sequencing and lentivirus packaging. Secondly, primary culturing cartilage cells from the New Zealand rabbit were transfected with P1, P2, P3 or P4 to observe the transfection rate under a fluorescence microscope. The mRNA expression levels of uPA were analyzed in cartilage cells using quantitative PCR, while protein expression levels were analyzed in the cartilage cells using western blot technology. Four types of uPA-shRNA lentiviral vectors were constructed successfully, which were all able to be transfected into the primary culturing cartilage cells. The transfection rate was as high as 85% when the multiplicity of infection was 100, which demonstrated that P1, P2, P3 and P4 were all capable of inhibiting the mRNA and protein expression of uPA in cartilage cells. In addition, among the four sequences, the P2 sequence exhibited the highest silencing rate of 70%. Statistical significance (P<0.05) was observed when analyzing the silencing rate of P2 compared to the other three groups. The most efficient targeted uPA-shRNA sequence was identified following screening. The results strongly verified that siRNA lentiviral vectors can be transfected into cartilage cells to further inhibit the expression of the uPA gene efficiently and steadily. Thus, the results provide the foundation for further research on the role of uPA in the pathogenesis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China ; Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Jing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Dong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Hui Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
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