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Liu Y, Jing J, Yu H, Zhang J, Cao Q, Zhang X, Liu J, Zhang S, Cheng W. Expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs in the cartilage of patients with knee osteoarthritis and normal individuals. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:365. [PMID: 33732338 PMCID: PMC7903471 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is caused by a multifactorial imbalance in the synthesis and degradation of knee chondrocytes, subchondral bone and extracellular matrix. Abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) affects the metabolism, synovitis, autophagy and apoptosis of chondrocytes, as well as the production of cartilage matrix. The aim of the present study was to identify novel targets for the treatment of osteoarthritis and to examine the pathogenesis of the disease. The lncRNA expression profiles of seven patients with knee osteoarthritis and six healthy controls were examined by RNA-sequencing. Differentially expressed lncRNAs were selected for bioinformatics analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to further investigate the differential expression of the lncRNAs. A total of 23,583 lncRNAs were identified in osteoarthritis cartilage, including 5,255 upregulated and 5,690 downregulated lncRNAs, compared with normal cartilage. Although there were more downregulated lncRNAs compared with upregulated lncRNAs, among the changed lncRNAs (fold-change >6), there were more upregulated lncRNAs compared with downregulated lncRNAs. Several lncRNAs exhibiting differences were identified as potential therapeutic targets in knee osteoarthritis. GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed for the target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs. RT-qPCR validation was performed on three randomly selected upregulated and downregulated lncRNAs. The results of RT-qPCR were consistent with the findings obtained by RNA-sequencing analysis. The findings from the present study may contribute to the diagnosis of osteoarthritis and may predict the development of osteoarthritis. Furthermore, the differentially expressed lncRNAs may aid in the identification of novel candidate targets for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Juehua Jing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jisen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Qiliang Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Wendan Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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Charlier E, Deroyer C, Neuville S, Plener Z, Malaise O, Ciregia F, Gillet P, Reuter G, Salvé M, Withofs N, Hustinx R, de Seny D, Malaise MG. Toward diagnostic relevance of the α Vβ 5, α Vβ 3, and α Vβ 6 integrins in OA: expression within human cartilage and spinal osteophytes. Bone Res 2020; 8:35. [PMID: 33083095 PMCID: PMC7527564 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported 18FPRGD2 uptake by the coxofemoral lining, intervertebral discs and facet joint osteophytes in OA using PET/SCAN imaging. However, the molecular mechanism by which the PRGD2 tracer interacts with joint tissues and osteophytes in OA remains unclear. As PRGD2 ligands are expected to belong to the RGD-specific integrin family, the purpose of this study was (i) to determine which integrin complexes display the highest affinity for PRGD2-based ligands, (ii) to analyze integrin expression in relevant tissues, and (iii) to test integrin regulation in chondrocytes using OA-related stimuli to increase the levels of fibrosis and ossification markers. To this end, the affinity of PRGD2-based ligands for five heterodimeric integrins was measured by competition with 125I-echistatin. In situ analyses were performed in human normal vs. OA cartilage and spinal osteophytes. Osteophytes were characterized by (immuno-)histological staining. Integrin subunit expression was tested in chondrocytes undergoing dedifferentiation, osteogenic differentiation, and inflammatory stimulation. The integrins αVβ5, αVβ3, and αVβ6 presented the highest affinity for PRGD2-based ligands. In situ, the expression of these integrins was significantly increased in OA compared to normal cartilage. Within osteophytes, the mean integrin expression score was significantly higher in blood vessels, fibrous areas, and cells from the bone lining than in osteocytes and cartilaginous zones. In vitro, the levels of integrin subunits were significantly increased during chondrocyte dedifferentiation (except for β6), fibrosis, and osteogenic differentiation as well as under inflammatory stimuli. In conclusion, anatomical zones (such as OA cartilage, intervertebral discs, and facet joint osteophytes) previously reported to show PRGD2 ligand uptake in vivo expressed increased levels of αVβ5, αVβ3, and β6 integrins, whose subunits are modulated in vitro by OA-associated conditions that increase fibrosis, inflammation, and osteogenic differentiation. These results suggest that the increased levels of integrins in OA compared to normal tissues favor PRGD2 uptake and might explain the molecular mechanism of OA imaging using the PRGD2-based ligand PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Charlier
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA-I3, CHULiège, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Deroyer
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA-I3, CHULiège, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sophie Neuville
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA-I3, CHULiège, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Zelda Plener
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA-I3, CHULiège, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Malaise
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA-I3, CHULiège, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Federica Ciregia
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA-I3, CHULiège, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Gilles Reuter
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mallory Salvé
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nadia Withofs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Roland Hustinx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dominique de Seny
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA-I3, CHULiège, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel G. Malaise
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA-I3, CHULiège, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
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Ching JY, Huang BJ, Hsu YT, Khung YL. Anti-Adhesion Behavior from Ring-Strain Amine Cyclic Monolayers Grafted on Silicon (111) Surfaces. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8758. [PMID: 32472042 PMCID: PMC7260185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65710-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, a series of amine tagged short cyclic molecules (cyclopropylamine, cyclobutylamine, cyclopentylamine and cyclohexylamine) were thermally grafted onto p-type silicon (111) hydride surfaces via nucleophilic addition. The chemistries of these grafting were verified via XPS, AFM and sessile droplet measurements. Confocal microscopy and cell viability assay was performed on these surfaces incubated for 24 hours with triple negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB 231), gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS) endometrial adenocarcinoma (Hec1A). All cell types had shown a significant reduction when incubated on these ring-strain cyclic monolayer surfaces than compared to standard controls. The expression level of focal adhesion proteins (vinculin, paxilin, talin and zyxin) were subsequently quantified for all three cell types via qPCR analysis. Cells incubate on these surface grafting were observed to have reduced levels of adhesion protein expression than compared to positive controls (collagen coating and APTES). A potential application of these anti-adhesive surfaces is the maintenance of the chondrocyte phenotype during in-vitro cell expansion. Articular chondrocytes cultured for 6 days on ring strained cyclopropane-modified surfaces was able to proliferate but had maintained a spheroid/aggregated phenotype with higher COL2A1 and ACAN gene expression. Herein, these findings had help promote grafting of cyclic monolayers as an viable alternative for producing antifouling surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan Ching
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Brian J Huang
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yit Lung Khung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Song EK, Jeon J, Jang DG, Kim HE, Sim HJ, Kwon KY, Medina-Ruiz S, Jang HJ, Lee AR, Rho JG, Lee HS, Kim SJ, Park CY, Myung K, Kim W, Kwon T, Yang S, Park TJ. ITGBL1 modulates integrin activity to promote cartilage formation and protect against arthritis. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/462/eaam7486. [PMID: 30305454 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam7486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Developing and mature chondrocytes constantly interact with and remodel the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Recent research indicates that integrin-ECM interaction is differentially regulated during cartilage formation (chondrogenesis). Integrin signaling is also a key source of the catabolic reactions responsible for joint destruction in both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. However, we do not understand how chondrocytes dynamically regulate integrin signaling in such an ECM-rich environment. Here, we found that developing chondrocytes express integrin-β-like 1 (Itgbl1) at specific stages, inhibiting integrin signaling and promoting chondrogenesis. Unlike cytosolic integrin inhibitors, ITGBL1 is secreted and physically interacts with integrins to down-regulate activity. We observed that Itgbl1 expression was strongly reduced in the damaged articular cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Ectopic expression of Itgbl1 protected joint cartilage against OA development in the destabilization of the medial meniscus-induced OA mouse model. Our results reveal ITGBL1 signaling as an underlying mechanism of protection against destructive cartilage disorders and suggest the potential therapeutic utility of targeting ITGBL1 to modulate integrin signaling in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Song
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gil Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Sim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Yeong Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sofia Medina-Ruiz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Reum Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Gi Rho
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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Islam A, Fossum V, Hansen AK, Urbarova I, Knutsen G, Martinez-Zubiaurre I. In vitro chondrogenic potency of surplus chondrocytes from autologous transplantation procedures does not predict short-term clinical outcomes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:19. [PMID: 30630436 PMCID: PMC6329094 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been used over the last two decades to treat focal cartilage lesions aiming to delay or prevent the onset of osteoarthritis; however, some patients do not respond adequately to the procedure. A number of biomarkers that can forecast the clinical potency of the cells have been proposed, but evidence for the relationship between in vitro chondrogenic potential and clinical outcomes is missing. In this study, we explored if the ability of cells to make cartilage in vitro correlates with ACI clinical outcomes. Additionally, we evaluated previously proposed chondrogenic biomarkers and searched for new biomarkers in the chondrocyte proteome capable of predicting clinical success or failure after ACI. METHODS The chondrogenic capacity of chondrocytes derived from 14 different donors was defined based on proteoglycans staining and visual histological grading of tissues generated using the pellet culture system. A Lysholm score of 65 two years post-ACI was used as a cut-off to categorise "success" and "failure" clinical groups. A set of predefined biomarkers were investigated in the chondrogenic and clinical outcomes groups using flow cytometry and qPCR. High-throughput proteomics of cell lysates was used to search for putative biomarkers to predict chondrogenesis and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Visual histological grading of pellets categorised donors into "high" and "low" chondrogenic groups. Direct comparison between donor-matched in vitro chondrogenic potential and clinical outcomes revealed no significant associations. Comparative analyses of selected biomarkers revealed that expression of CD106 and TGF-β-receptor-3 was enhanced in the low chondrogenic group, while expression of integrin-α1 and integrin-β1 was significantly upregulated in the high chondrogenic group. Additionally, increased surface expression of CD166 was observed in the clinical success group, while the gene expression of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein was downregulated. High throughput proteomics revealed no differentially expressed proteins from success and failure clinical groups, whereas seven proteins including prolyl-4-hydroxylase 1 were differentially expressed when comparing chondrogenic groups. CONCLUSION In our limited material, we found no correlation between in vitro cartilage-forming capacity and clinical outcomes, and argue on the limitations of using the chondrogenic potential of cells or markers for chondrogenesis as predictors of clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraful Islam
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Vegard Fossum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ann Kristin Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ilona Urbarova
- Department of Medical Biology, Tromsø University Proteomics Platform, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gunnar Knutsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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A thirty-year quest for a role of R-Ras in cancer: from an oncogene to a multitasking GTPase. Cancer Lett 2017; 403:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Candela ME, Wang C, Gunawardena AT, Zhang K, Cantley L, Yasuhara R, Usami Y, Francois N, Iwamoto M, van der Flier A, Zhang Y, Qin L, Han L, Enomoto-Iwamoto M. Alpha 5 Integrin Mediates Osteoarthritic Changes in Mouse Knee Joints. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156783. [PMID: 27280771 PMCID: PMC4900574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of most common skeletal disorders and can affect synovial joints such as knee and ankle joints. α5 integrin, a major fibronectin receptor, is expressed in articular cartilage and has been demonstrated to play roles in synovial joint development and in the regulation of chondrocyte survival and matrix degradation in articular cartilage. We hypothesized that α5 integrin signaling is involved in pathogenesis of OA. To test this, we generated compound mice that conditionally ablate α5 integrin in the synovial joints using the Gdf5Cre system. The compound mice were born normally and had an overall appearance similar to the control mice. However, when the mutant mice received the OA surgery, they showed stronger resistance to osteoarthritic changes than the control. Specifically the mutant knee joints presented lower levels of cartilage matrix and structure loss and synovial changes and showed stronger biomechanical properties than the control knee joints. These findings indicate that α5 integrin may not be essential for synovial joint development but play a causative role in induction of osteoarthritic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Candela
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Aruni T. Gunawardena
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Kairui Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leslie Cantley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Rika Yasuhara
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnosis Science, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Usami
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Noelle Francois
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Arjan van der Flier
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Yejia Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tian J, Zhang FJ, Lei GH. Role of integrins and their ligands in osteoarthritic cartilage. Rheumatol Int 2014; 35:787-98. [PMID: 25261047 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-014-3137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease, which is characterized by articular cartilage destruction, and mainly affects the older people. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a vital cellular environment, and interactions between the cell and ECM are important in regulating many biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and survival. However, the pathogenesis of this disease is not fully elucidated, and it cannot be cured totally. Integrins are one of the major receptors in chondrocytes. A number of studies confirmed that the chondrocytes express several integrins including α5β1, αVβ3, αVβ5, α6β1, α1β1, α2β1, α10β1, and α3β1, and some integrins ligands might act as the OA progression biomarkers. This review focuses on the functional role of integrins and their extracellular ligands in OA progression, especially OA cartilage. Clear understanding of the role of integrins and their ligands in OA cartilage may have impact on future development of successful therapeutic approaches to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
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