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Carmona-Rivera C, Kaplan MJ, O'Neil LJ. Neutrophils in Inflammatory Bone Diseases. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:280-289. [PMID: 38418800 PMCID: PMC11061041 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize the current evidence that suggests that neutrophils play a key role in facilitating damage to local bone structures. RECENT FINDINGS Neutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of inflammatory bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis disease (PD). Both of these human diseases are marked by an imbalance in bone homeostasis, favoring the degradation of local bone which ultimately leads to erosions. Osteoclasts, a multinucleated resident bone cell, are responsible for facilitating the turnover of bone and the bone damage observed in these diseases. The involvement of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular trap formation have recently been implicated in exacerbating osteoclast function through direct and indirect mechanisms. We highlight a recent finding that NET proteins such as histones and elastase can generate non-canonical, inflammatory osteoclasts, and this process is mediated by post-translational modifications such as citrullination and carbamylation, both of which act as autoantigens in RA. It appears that NETs, autoantibodies, modified proteins, cytokines, and osteoclasts all ultimately contribute to local and permanent bone damage in RA and PD. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the role of neutrophils in inflammatory bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Liam J O'Neil
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Ambigapathy G, Mukundan S, Nagamoto-Combs K, Combs CK, Nookala S. HLA-II-Dependent Neuroimmune Changes in Group A Streptococcal Necrotizing Fasciitis. Pathogens 2023; 12:1000. [PMID: 37623960 PMCID: PMC10459635 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus, GAS) bacteria cause a spectrum of human diseases ranging from self-limiting pharyngitis and mild, uncomplicated skin infections (impetigo, erysipelas, and cellulitis) to highly morbid and rapidly invasive, life-threatening infections such as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis (NF). HLA class II allelic polymorphisms are linked with differential outcomes and severity of GAS infections. The dysregulated immune response and peripheral cytokine storm elicited due to invasive GAS infections increase the risk for toxic shock and multiple organ failure in genetically susceptible individuals. We hypothesized that, while the host immune mediators regulate the immune responses against peripheral GAS infections, these interactions may simultaneously trigger neuropathology and, in some cases, induce persistent alterations in the glial phenotypes. Here, we studied the consequences of peripheral GAS skin infection on the brain in an HLA-II transgenic mouse model of GAS NF with and without treatment with an antibiotic, clindamycin (CLN). Mice expressing the human HLA-II DR3 (DR3) or the HLA-II DR4 (DR4) allele were divided into three groups: (i) uninfected controls, (ii) subcutaneously infected with a clinical GAS strain isolated from a patient with GAS NF, and (iii) GAS-infected with CLN treatment (10 mg/kg/5 days, intraperitoneal). The groups were monitored for 15 days post-infection. Skin GAS burden and lesion area, splenic and hippocampal mRNA levels of inflammatory markers, and immunohistochemical changes in hippocampal GFAP and Iba-1 immunoreactivity were assessed. Skin GAS burden and hippocampal mRNA levels of the inflammatory markers S100A8/A9, IL-1β, IL-33, inflammasome-related caspase-1 (Casp1), and NLRP6 were elevated in infected DR3 but not DR4 mice. The levels of these markers were significantly reduced following CLN treatment in DR3 mice. Although GAS was not detectable in the brain, astrocyte (GFAP) and microglia (Iba-1) activation were evident from increased GFAP and Iba-1 mRNA levels in DR3 and DR4 mice. However, CLN treatment significantly reduced GFAP mRNA levels in DR3 mice, not DR4 mice. Our data suggest a skin-brain axis during GAS NF, demonstrating that peripherally induced pathological conditions regulate neuroimmune changes and gliotic events in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Suba Nookala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (G.A.); (S.M.); (K.N.-C.); (C.K.C.)
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Ishina IA, Zakharova MY, Kurbatskaia IN, Mamedov AE, Belogurov AA, Gabibov AG. MHC Class II Presentation in Autoimmunity. Cells 2023; 12:314. [PMID: 36672249 PMCID: PMC9856717 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules is crucial for eliciting an efficient immune response by CD4+ T cells and maintaining self-antigen tolerance. Some MHC-II alleles are known to be positively or negatively associated with the risk of the development of different autoimmune diseases (ADs), including those characterized by the emergence of autoreactive T cells. Apparently, the MHC-II presentation of self-antigens contributes to the autoimmune T cell response, initiated through a breakdown of central tolerance to self-antigens in the thymus. The appearance of autoreactive T cell might be the result of (i) the unusual interaction between T cell receptors (TCRs) and self-antigens presented on MHC-II; (ii) the posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of self-antigens; (iii) direct loading of the self-antigen to classical MHC-II without additional nonclassical MHC assistance; (iv) the proinflammatory environment effect on MHC-II expression and antigen presentation; and (v) molecular mimicry between foreign and self-antigens. The peculiarities of the processes involved in the MHC-II-mediated presentation may have crucial importance in the elucidation of the mechanisms of triggering and developing ADs as well as for clarification on the protective effect of MHC-II alleles that are negatively associated with ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Ishina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Y. Zakharova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna N. Kurbatskaia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Azad E. Mamedov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Belogurov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Life Sciences, Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Rheumatoid arthritis: advances in treatment strategies. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:69-88. [PMID: 35725992 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by severe joint and bone damage due to heightened autoimmune response at the articular sites. Worldwide annual incidence and prevalence rate of RA is 3 cases per 10,000 population and 1%, respectively. Several genetic and environmental (microbiota, smoking, infectious agents) factors contribute to its pathogenesis. Although convention treatment strategies, predominantly Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) and Glucocorticoids (GC), are unchanged as the primary line of treatment; novel strategies consisting of biological DMARDs, are being developed and explored. Personalized approaches using biologicals targetspecific pathways associated with disease progression. However, considering the economic burden and side-effects associated with these, there is an unmet need on strategies for early stratification of the inadequate responders with cDMARDs. As RA is a complex disease with a variable remission rate, it is important not only to evaluate the current status of drugs in clinical practice but also those with the potential of personalised therapeutics. Here, we provide comprehensive data on the treatment strategies in RA, including studies exploring various combination strategies in clinical trials. Our systematic analysis of current literature found that conventional DMARDs along with glucocorticoid may be best suited for early RA cases and a combination of conventional and targeted DMARDs could be effective for treating seronegative patients with moderate to high RA activity. Clinical trials with insufficient responders to Methotrexate suggest that adding biologicals may help in such cases. However, certain adverse events associated with the current therapy advocate exploring novel therapeutic approaches such as gene therapy, mesenchymal stem cell therapy in future.
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A Strategy for Selective Deletion of Autoimmunity-Related T Cells by pMHC-Targeted Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101669. [PMID: 34683962 PMCID: PMC8540115 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis are caused by immune system recognition of self-proteins and subsequent production of effector T cells that recognize and attack healthy tissue. Therapies for these diseases typically utilize broad immune suppression, which can be effective, but which also come with an elevated risk of susceptibility to infection and cancer. T cell recognition of antigens is driven by binding of T cell receptors to peptides displayed on major histocompatibility complex proteins (MHCs) on the cell surface of antigen-presenting cells. Technology for recombinant production of the extracellular domains of MHC proteins and loading with peptides to produce pMHCs has provided reagents for detection of T cell populations, and with the potential for therapeutic intervention. However, production of pMHCs in large quantities remains a challenge and a translational path needs to be established. Here, we demonstrate a fusion protein strategy enabling large-scale production of pMHCs. A peptide corresponding to amino acids 259-273 of collagen II was fused to the N-terminus of the MHC_II beta chain, and the alpha and beta chains were each fused to human IgG4 Fc domains and co-expressed. A tag was incorporated to enable site-specific conjugation. The cytotoxic drug payload, MMAF, was conjugated to the pMHC and potent, peptide-specific killing of T cells that recognize the collagen pMHC was demonstrated with tetramerized pMHC-MMAF conjugates. Finally, these pMHCs were incorporated into MMAF-loaded 3DNA nanomaterials in order to provide a biocompatible platform. Loading and pMHC density were optimized, and peptide-specific T cell killing was demonstrated. These experiments highlight the potential of a pMHC fusion protein-targeted, drug-loaded nanomaterial approach for selective delivery of therapeutics to disease-relevant T cells and new treatment options for autoimmune disease.
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Deng Y, Gao Q, Yang T, Wu B, Liu Y, Liu R. Indoor solid fuel use and incident arthritis among middle-aged and older adults in rural China: A nationwide population-based cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:145395. [PMID: 33578144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many households in developing countries, including China, rely on the traditional use of solid fuels for cooking and heating. Arthritis is highly prevalent in middle-aged and older adults and is a major cause of disability. However, evidence linking indoor solid fuel use with arthritis is scarce in this age group (≥45 years) in developing countries. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether exposure to indoor solid fuel for cooking and heating is associated with arthritis in middle-aged and older adults in rural China. METHODS Data for the present study were extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a longitudinal national prospective study of adults aged 45 years and older enrolled in 2010 and followed up through 2015. We included 7807 rural participants without arthritis at baseline, of whom 1548 living in a central heating area in winter were included in the heating analysis (taking the Qinling-Huaihe line as the heating boundary). Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between indoor solid fuel use and arthritis, controlling for age, sex, education, marital status, smoking status, drinking status, self-reported socioeconomic status, BMI, sleep time, napping time, independent cooking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, heart problems and stroke. We also investigated the effect of switching primary fuels and using solid fuels for both cooking and heating on arthritis risk. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the study participants was 59.2 (10.0) years old, and 48.0% of participants were women. A total of 64.8% and 63.0% of the participants reported primarily using solid fuel for cooking and heating, respectively. Arthritis incidence rates were lower among clean fuel users than solid fuel users. Compared to those using clean fuels, cooking and heating solid fuel users had a higher risk of arthritis, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.49) and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.89), respectively. Switching from clean fuels to solid fuels for heating (HR: 3.28, 95% CI: 1.21, 7.91) and using solid fuels for both cooking and heating (HR, 1.71, 95% CI, 1.01-2.79) increased the risk of arthritis. CONCLUSIONS Long-term solid fuel use for indoor cooking and heating is associated with an increased risk of arthritis events among adults aged 45 years and older in rural China. The potential benefits of reducing indoor solid fuel use in groups at high risk for arthritis merit further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tianyao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Anal and Rectal Diseases, First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ruxi Liu
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Early Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis Biomarker: Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody in Human Serum Based on Avidin-Biotin System. SENSORS 2020; 21:s21010124. [PMID: 33379138 PMCID: PMC7795521 DOI: 10.3390/s21010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that produces a progressive inflammatory response that leads to severe pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints of hands and feet, followed by irreversible damage of the joints. The authors developed a miniaturized, label-free electrochemical impedimetric immunosensor for the sensitive and direct detection of arthritis Anti-CCP-ab biomarker. An interdigitated-chain-shaped microelectrode array (ICE) was fabricated by taking the advantage of microelectromechanical systems. The fabricated ICE was modified with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of Mercaptohexanoic acid (MHA) for immobilization of the synthetic peptide bio-receptor (B-CCP). The B-CCP was attached onto the surface of SAM modified ICE through a strong avidin-biotin bio-recognition system. The modified ICE surface with the SAM and bio-molecules (Avidin, B-CCP, Anti-CCP-ab and BSA) was morphologically and electrochemically characterized. The change in the sensor signal upon analyte binding on the electrode surface was probed through the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) property of charge-transfer resistance (Rct) of the modified electrodes. EIS measurements were target specific and the sensor response was linearly increased with step wise increase in target analyte (Anti-CCP-ab) concentrations. The developed sensor showed a linear range for the addition of Anti-CCP-ab between 1 IU mL−1 → 800 IU mL−1 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and Human serum (HS), respectively. The sensor showed a limit of detection of 0.60 IU mL−1 and 0.82 IU mL−1 in the PBS and HS, respectively. The develop bio-electrode showed a good reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD), 1.52%), selectivity and stability (1.5% lost at the end of 20th day) with an acceptable recovery rate (98.0% → 101.18%) and % RSD’s for the detection of Anti-CCP-ab in spiked HS samples.
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8
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Zdimerova H, Murer A, Engelmann C, Raykova A, Deng Y, Gujer C, Rühl J, McHugh D, Caduff N, Naghavian R, Pezzino G, Capaul R, Zbinden A, Ferlazzo G, Lünemann JD, Martin R, Chatterjee B, Münz C. Attenuated immune control of Epstein-Barr virus in humanized mice is associated with the multiple sclerosis risk factor HLA-DR15. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:64-75. [PMID: 32949466 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection synergize with the main genetic risk factor HLA-DRB1*15:01 (HLA-DR15) to increase the likelihood to develop the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS) at least sevenfold. In order to gain insights into this synergy, we investigated HLA-DR15 positive human immune compartments after reconstitution in immune-compromised mice (humanized mice) with and without EBV infection. We detected elevated activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in HLA-DR15 donor-reconstituted humanized mice at steady state, even when compared to immune compartments carrying HLA-DRB1*04:01 (HLA-DR4), which is associated with other autoimmune diseases. Increased CD8+ T cell expansion and activation was also observed in HLA-DR15 donor-reconstituted humanized mice after EBV infection. Despite this higher immune activation, EBV viral loads were less well controlled in the context of HLA-DR15. Indeed, HLA-DR15-restricted CD4+ T cell clones recognized EBV-transformed B cell lines less efficiently and demonstrated cross-reactivity toward allogeneic target cells and one MS autoantigen. These findings suggest that EBV as one of the main environmental risk factors and HLA-DR15 as the main genetic risk factor for MS synergize by priming hyperreactive T-cell compartments, which then control the viral infection less efficiently and contain cross-reactive CD4+ T cell clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Zdimerova
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Murer
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Engelmann
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Raykova
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yun Deng
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Gujer
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Rühl
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Donal McHugh
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Caduff
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reza Naghavian
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gaetana Pezzino
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Cell Factory Center, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Cell Therapy Program, University Hospital Policlinico G.Martino, Messina, Italy.,Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Policlinico G.Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Riccarda Capaul
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Zbinden
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Cell Factory Center, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Cell Therapy Program, University Hospital Policlinico G.Martino, Messina, Italy.,Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Policlinico G.Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Jan D Lünemann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bithi Chatterjee
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Ozbek B, Tan C, Yaz I, Kosukcu C, Esenboga S, Cetinkaya PG, Cagdas D, Tezcan I. Frequency of HLA Class I and Class II Alleles in Patients with CVID from Turkey. Immunol Invest 2020; 50:363-371. [PMID: 32370566 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1759622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency. Certain gene loci are pointed out in several studies in CVID patients. Until now, monogenic defects have been identified in only 2-10% of CVID patients; therefore, association of the disease with HLA alleles may be important for elucidating immunological and genetic mechanisms behind CVID. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between CVID and HLA alleles. METHODS HLA class I/II alleles were analyzed in 65 patients with CVID and alleles that may be related to disease susceptibility were determined by comparing with 300 healthy controls. We also evaluated HLA allele frequencies in CVID patients with gastrointestial system (GIS) involvement and autoimmune manifestations. RESULTS When compared with controls, frequencies of B*27, B*35, C*04, and DRB1*04 alleles were significantly different in patients with CVID (p < .05). Frequencies of C*12, DRB1*13, and DRB1*15 alleles were more frequent in controls, indicating protective alleles (p < .05). There was a statistically significant difference for DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes between patients with GIS involvement and controls. CONCLUSION In comparison with literature, distinctive HLA alleles found in our study may originate from the diversity in gene pool between the populations. These data may provide clues for disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Ozbek
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cagman Tan
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Yaz
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Kosukcu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saliha Esenboga
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Gur Cetinkaya
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Cagdas
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Tezcan
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Islam SMS, Kim HA, Choi B, Jung JY, Lee SM, Suh CH, Sohn S. Differences in Expression of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Subtypes and T Cell Subsets in Behçet's Disease with Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205044. [PMID: 31614573 PMCID: PMC6829274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) gene polymorphism is a risk factor for the development of Behçet’s disease (BD). In this study, the association of HLA class II subtypes HLA-DP, DQ, DR, and T cell subsets in BD patients with arthritis was evaluated. Frequencies of HLA-DP, DQ, DR positive cells, and T cell subsets in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were measured by flow cytometric analysis in BD, and compared to rheumatoid arthritis as disease controls and healthy controls. Frequencies of HLA-DQ were significantly decreased in whole PBL and granulocytes of BD active patients as compared to healthy controls. In monocytes populations, proportions of HLA-DR positive cells were significantly increased in BD active patients as compared to healthy controls. Proportions of CD4+CCR7+ and CD8+CCR7+ cells were significantly higher in BD active patients than in BD inactive in whole PBL. Frequencies of CD4+CD62L- and CD8+CD62L- cells in lymphocytes were significantly decreased in active BD than those in inactive BD. There were also correlations between disease activity markers and T cell subsets. Our results revealed HLA-DP, DQ, and DR expressing cell frequencies and several T cell subsets were significantly correlated with BD arthritis symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shamsul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Hyoun-Ah Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Bunsoon Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Sung-Min Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Seonghyang Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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McGowan J, Peter C, Chattopadhyay S, Chakravarti R. 14-3-3ζ-A Novel Immunogen Promotes Inflammatory Cytokine Production. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1553. [PMID: 31396202 PMCID: PMC6667649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of autoantibodies against 14-3-3ζ in human autoimmune diseases indicates its antigenic function. However, neither the cause nor the consequence of this newly-identified antigenic function of 14-3-3ζ protein is known. To address this, we investigated the immunological functions of 14-3-3ζ by studying ex vivo effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferation, polarization, and cytokine production. Exogenous 14-3-3ζ promoted PBMC proliferation and T cell polarization toward Th1 and Th17 populations. Significant increases in IFN-γ and IL-17 levels were observed in the presence of 14-3-3ζ. A specific increase in Th1 cells and IFN-γ production provided strong evidence for MHC class II presentation of 14-3-3ζ antigen. Particularly HLA-DRB1*0401 allele strongly promoted 14-3-3ζ-induced IFN-γ producing cells. In contrast, prednisolone treatment suppressed both 14-3-3ζ-induced T cell polarization and cytokine production. Overall, we show that MHC presentation and the adaptor functions of 14-3-3ζ participate in promoting IFN-γ and IL-17 production, two of the cytokines commonly associated with autoimmune diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the ex vivo antigenic function of 14-3-3ζ with human PBMC, thereby providing the basis of its immunological role in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna McGowan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Cara Peter
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Saurabh Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Ritu Chakravarti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
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12
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Nalawade SA, Ji N, Raphael I, Pratt A, Kraig E, Forsthuber TG. Aire is not essential for regulating neuroinflammatory disease in mice transgenic for human autoimmune-diseases associated MHC class II genes HLA-DR2b and HLA-DR4. Cell Immunol 2018; 331:38-48. [PMID: 29789121 PMCID: PMC6092225 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The human autoimmune disease-associated HLA alleles HLA-DR2b (DRB1*1501) and HLA-DR4 (DRB1*0401) are strongly linked to increased susceptibility for multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), respectively. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, but these MHC alleles may shape the repertoire of pathogenic T cells via central tolerance. The transcription factor autoimmune regulator (AIRE) promotes central T cell tolerance via ectopic expression of tissue-specific antigens (TSAs). Aire deficiency in humans causes autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS1), and Aire knockout mice (Aire-/-) develop spontaneous autoimmune pathology characterized by multi-organ lymphocytic infiltrates. Here, we asked whether impaired TSAs gene expression in the absence of Aire promoted spontaneous MS- or RA-like autoimmune pathology in the context of human HLA alleles in HLA-DR2b or HLA-DR4 transgenic (tg) mice. The results show that reduced TSAs gene expression in the thymus of Aire-deficient HLA-DR2b or HLA-DR4 tg mice corresponded to mild spontaneous inflammatory infiltrates in salivary glands, liver, and pancreas. Moreover, Aire-deficiency modestly enhanced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in HLA-DR tg mice, but the animals did not show signs of spontaneous neuroinflammation or arthritis. No significant changes were observed in CD4+ T cell numbers, T cell receptor (TCR) distribution, regulatory T cells (Treg), or antigen-induced cytokine production. Abrogating Treg function by treatment with anti-CTLA-4 or anti-CD25 mAb in Aire-deficient HLA-DR tg mice did not trigger EAE or other autoimmune pathology. Our results suggest a redundant role for Aire in maintaining immune tolerance in the context of autoimmune disease-associated human HLA alleles.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/immunology
- Antigens/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/genetics
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- HLA-DR2 Antigen/genetics
- HLA-DR2 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-DR2 Antigen/metabolism
- HLA-DR4 Antigen/genetics
- HLA-DR4 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-DR4 Antigen/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism
- Organ Specificity/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/immunology
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- AIRE Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisha A Nalawade
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Niannian Ji
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Itay Raphael
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Andrew Pratt
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit, San Antonio, TX 78234, United States
| | - Ellen Kraig
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Thomas G Forsthuber
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States.
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13
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Dudics S, Langan D, Meka RR, Venkatesha SH, Berman BM, Che CT, Moudgil KD. Natural Products for the Treatment of Autoimmune Arthritis: Their Mechanisms of Action, Targeted Delivery, and Interplay with the Host Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092508. [PMID: 30149545 PMCID: PMC6164747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, debilitating illness characterized by painful swelling of the joints, inflammation of the synovial lining of the joints, and damage to cartilage and bone. Several anti-inflammatory and disease-modifying drugs are available for RA therapy. However, the prolonged use of these drugs is associated with severe side effects. Furthermore, these drugs are effective only in a proportion of RA patients. Hence, there is a need to search for new therapeutic agents that are effective yet safe. Interestingly, a variety of herbs and other natural products offer a vast resource for such anti-arthritic agents. We discuss here the basic features of RA pathogenesis; the commonly used animal models of RA; the mainstream drugs used for RA; the use of well-characterized natural products possessing anti-arthritic activity; the application of nanoparticles for efficient delivery of such products; and the interplay between dietary products and the host microbiome for maintenance of health and disease induction. We believe that with several advances in the past decade in the characterization and functional studies of natural products, the stage is set for widespread clinical testing and/or use of these products for the treatment of RA and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Dudics
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - David Langan
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Rakeshchandra R Meka
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Shivaprasad H Venkatesha
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Brian M Berman
- Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Chun-Tao Che
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Kamal D Moudgil
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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14
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Ting YT, Petersen J, Ramarathinam SH, Scally SW, Loh KL, Thomas R, Suri A, Baker DG, Purcell AW, Reid HH, Rossjohn J. The interplay between citrullination and HLA-DRB1 polymorphism in shaping peptide binding hierarchies in rheumatoid arthritis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3236-3251. [PMID: 29317506 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The HLA-DRB1 locus is strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility, whereupon citrullinated self-peptides bind to HLA-DR molecules bearing the shared epitope (SE) amino acid motif. However, the differing propensity for citrullinated/non-citrullinated self-peptides to bind given HLA-DR allomorphs remains unclear. Here, we used a fluorescence polarization assay to determine a hierarchy of binding affinities of 34 self-peptides implicated in RA against three HLA-DRB1 allomorphs (HLA-DRB1*04:01/*04:04/*04:05) each possessing the SE motif. For all three HLA-DRB1 allomorphs, we observed a strong correlation between binding affinity and citrullination at P4 of the bound peptide ligand. A differing hierarchy of peptide-binding affinities across the three HLA-DRB1 allomorphs was attributable to the β-chain polymorphisms that resided outside the SE motif and were consistent with sequences of naturally presented peptide ligands. Structural determination of eight HLA-DR4-self-epitope complexes revealed strict conformational convergence of the P4-Cit and surrounding HLA β-chain residues. Polymorphic residues that form part of the P1 and P9 pockets of the HLA-DR molecules provided a structural basis for the preferential binding of the citrullinated self-peptides to the HLA-DR4 allomorphs. Collectively, we provide a molecular basis for the interplay between citrullination of self-antigens and HLA polymorphisms that shape peptide-HLA-DR4 binding affinities in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian Ting
- From the Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, and
| | - Jan Petersen
- From the Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, and.,the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sri H Ramarathinam
- From the Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, and
| | - Stephen W Scally
- From the Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, and
| | - Khai L Loh
- From the Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, and
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- the University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane 4102, Australia
| | - Anish Suri
- the Janssen Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340-Beerse, Belgium
| | - Daniel G Baker
- the Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19002, and
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- From the Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, and
| | - Hugh H Reid
- From the Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, and .,the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- From the Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, and .,the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,the Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
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15
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Soleimani A, Mobedi Z, Al-E-Rasul M, Sharifi A, Vardanjani AK. Effect of Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide and HLA-DRB1 Subtypes on Clinical Disease Activity Index in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:OC09-OC12. [PMID: 28511426 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/8567.9436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a crippling disease with a global prevalence of approximately 0.5%-1% in adults. Genetic, environmental and immunologic factors contribute importantly to pathogenesis of RA. American College of Rheumatology (ACR) assists in early diagnosis of the disease. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HLA-DRB1 gene and anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (CCP) antibody on Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and to determine the frequency of HLA-DRB1 alleles in the patients with RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this descriptive-analytical study, 64 patients with RA referring rheumatology clinic of Hajar Hospital, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran were enrolled based on ACR criteria (1987) by convenience sampling. All patients were examined to assess primary CDAI and referred to laboratory for serologic tests [Rheumatoid Factor (RF) and anti-CCP]. After the patients' DNA was extracted, HLA-DRB1 was determined per single specific primer-polymerase chain reaction by inno-train kits. The patients were re-examined six months later. RESULTS The most prevalent type of HLA-DRB1 in the studied patients was 04. In patients with HLA-DRB1 (04), HLA-DRB1 (01), and HLA-DRB1 (15), CDAI decreased pronouncedly after six months, but in other patients it did not (p<0.05). Of the patients, 81.3% had high titers of anti-CCP, but no association between anti-CCP and CDAI was found. CONCLUSION RA could be a multifactorial disease. The patients with HLA-DRB1 (04), HLA-DRB1 (01) and HLA-DRB1 (15) showed a good response to routine treatments. The patients with HLA-DRB1 (04) are likely to have no decrease in secondary CDAI. High titers of anti-CCP in patients may indicate the severity of RA in the studied region and perhaps environmental, genetic and unknown or idiopathic factors are aetiologically crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Soleimani
- Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahr-e-Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran
| | - Zahra Mobedi
- Faculty, Department of Rheumatology, Shahr-e-Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran
| | - Maryam Al-E-Rasul
- Faculty, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shahr-e-Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Sharifi
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Shahr-e-Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- B. K. Jakobsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology; University Hospital of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - E. Dickmeiss
- Department of Clinical Immunology; University Hospital of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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17
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Immunosenescence in rheumatoid arthritis: Use of CD28 negative T cells to predict treatment response. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.injr.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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18
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Differential effect of severe and moderate social stress on blood immune and endocrine measures and susceptibility to collagen type II arthritis in male rats. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 29:156-165. [PMID: 23295263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of social stress on several blood immune measures and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were investigated in Wistar rats using the resident-intruder confrontation paradigm to induce stress of different intensity. Male intruders were exposed for one week to a dominant opponent either repeatedly for 4h daily (moderate stress) or continuously (severe stress). Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of collagen type II (CII) into the tail skin at the end of day 3 of confrontation. Only severe stress was associated with decreased CD4 and CD8 T cells, and the increase in granulocyte numbers and body mass loss was more pronounced under these conditions. Only severe stress reduced the susceptibility to arthritis by about 50%. Severity scores did not differ in the first five days after disease onset between all groups. Subsequent experiments focused on severely stressed rats indicated that disease progressed until day 10 only in control animals, but not in severely stressed males. Stressor exposure resulted in increased blood monocyte numbers, but these males failed to accumulate macrophages into the skin at the site of CII injection. High numbers of attacks experienced by intruders correlated with delayed disease onset in severely stressed rats. We hypothesize that severe stress persisting after disease induction exhibits beneficial effects on the susceptibility of CIA and propose that the specific endocrine and immunological profile associated with severe stress is an important factor for disease outcome--a factor which probably explains many of the conflicting data of previous stress studies on CIA.
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19
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Scheerens H, Su Z, Irving B, Townsend MJ, Zheng Y, Stefanich E, Chindalore V, Bingham CO, Davis JC. MTRX1011A, a humanized anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a phase I randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study incorporating pharmacodynamic biomarker assessments. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R177. [PMID: 22029963 PMCID: PMC3308112 DOI: 10.1186/ar3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the humanized anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody MTRX1011A in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled Phase 1 study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods In the single ascending dose (SAD) portion of the study, patients received single doses of a placebo or MTRX1011A at 0.3, 1.0, 3.5 and 7.0 mg/kg intravenously (IV) or 1.0 and 3.5 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC), followed by five weeks of evaluation. In the multi-dose (MD) portion of the study, placebo or MTRX1011A was administered weekly for eight doses at 1.5 or 3.5 mg/kg SC, or 5 mg/kg IV, followed by eight weeks of evaluation. Results MTRX1011A was well tolerated in the SAD phase up to 7 mg/kg IV and in the MD phase up to 1.5 mg/kg SC. At weekly doses of 3.5 mg/kg SC and 5 mg/kg IV, a moderate pruritic papular rash was observed in some MTRX1011A-treated patients, which was considered a dose-limiting toxicity for this clinical indication. No serious adverse events occurred in any cohort. Reduction in disease activity was modest. PD assessments demonstrated that MTRX1011A induced a dose-dependent down-modulation of CD4 expression on peripheral blood CD4 T cells, CD4 receptor occupancy, increases in serum sCD4-MTRX1011A complexes and up-regulation of CD69 on T cells, but was non-depleting. Conclusions The maximum tolerated dose of MTRX1011A was 1.5 mg/kg SC administered weekly. At this dose MTRX1011A did not achieve maximum PD activity expected to be required for reduction in disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Scheerens
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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20
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Safra N, Pedersen NC, Wolf Z, Johnson EG, Liu HW, Hughes AM, Young A, Bannasch DL. Expanded dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping reveals spurious class II associations. Vet J 2011; 189:220-6. [PMID: 21741283 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) system contains many of the functional genes of the immune system, thereby making it a candidate region for involvement in immune-mediated disorders. A number of studies have identified associations between specific DLA class II haplotypes and canine immune hemolytic anemia, thyroiditis, immune polyarthritis, type I diabetes mellitus, hypoadrenocorticism, systemic lupus erythematosus-related disease complex, necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) and anal furunculosis. These studies have relied on sequencing approximately 300 bases of exon 2 of each of the DLA class II genes: DLA-DRB1, DLA-DQA1 and DLA-DQB1. In the present study, an association (odds ratio=4.29) was identified by this method between Weimaraner dogs with hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) and DLA-DRB1∗01501. To fine map the association with HOD, a genotyping assay of 126 coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from across the entire DLA, spanning a region of 2.5 Mb (3,320,000-5,830,000) on CFA12, was developed and tested on Weimaraners with HOD, as well as two additional breeds with diseases associated with DLA class II: Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers with hypoadrenocorticism and Pug dogs with NME. No significant associations were found between Weimaraners with HOD or Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers with hypoadrenocorticism and SNPs spanning the DLA region. In contrast, significant associations were found with NME in Pug dogs, although the associated region extended beyond the class II genes. By including a larger number of genes from a larger genomic region, a SNP genotyping assay was generated that provides coverage of the extended DLA region and may be useful in identifying and fine mapping DLA associations in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Safra
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
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21
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The contribution of genetic factors to rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Ahlqvist E, Hultqvist M, Holmdahl R. The value of animal models in predicting genetic susceptibility to complex diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:226. [PMID: 19490601 PMCID: PMC2714094 DOI: 10.1186/ar2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For a long time, genetic studies of complex diseases were most successfully conducted in animal models. However, the field of genetics is now rapidly evolving, and human genetics has also started to produce strong candidate genes for complex diseases. This raises the question of how to continue gene-finding attempts in animals and how to use animal models to enhance our understanding of gene function. In this review we summarize the uses and advantages of animal studies in identification of disease susceptibility genes, focusing on rheumatoid arthritis. We are convinced that animal genetics will remain a valuable tool for the identification and investigation of pathways that lead to disease, well into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ahlqvist
- Medical Inflammation Research, Lund University, C12 BMC, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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23
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Wakamatsu E, Matsumoto I, Yoshiga Y, Hayashi T, Goto D, Ito S, Sumida T. Altered peptide ligands regulate type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Mod Rheumatol 2009; 19:366-71. [PMID: 19444549 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-009-0174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We reported that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HLA-DRB1*0101 Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were highly reactive to 256-271 peptide of type II collagen (CII). Similar to RA, T cells reactive to CII (AA256-271) play a crucial role in the generation of arthritis in CII-induced arthritis mouse (I-A(q)). In the present study, we regulated the CII reactivity of T cells from CIA mouse with I-A(q) by altered peptide ligand (APL). Eight different APLs were designed and screened for their antagonistic activity using CII reactive cytokine production assay. Four APLs of CII 256-271 exhibited antagonistic activity in CII-reactive T cells. Moreover, intraperitoneally injected APL-5 (G262A) significantly suppressed CII-induced arthritis in mice, whereas the other three APLs did not. Compared with the control, APL-5 suppressed interleukin (IL)-17 production by T cells from CII-induced arthritis mice. These results suggest that CII APL is a potentially suitable therapeutic strategy for the control of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei Wakamatsu
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Doctoral Programs in Medical Sciences, Major of Advanced Biomedical Applications, Graduate School Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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24
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Amria S, Hajiaghamohseni LM, Harbeson C, Zhao D, Goldstein O, Blum JS, Haque A. HLA-DM negatively regulates HLA-DR4-restricted collagen pathogenic peptide presentation and T cell recognition. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:1961-70. [PMID: 18506881 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200738100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease, is significantly associated with the HLA class II allele HLA-DR4. While the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis remains unknown, type II collagen (CII) is a candidate autoantigen. An immunodominant pathogenic epitope from this autoantigen, CII(261-273), which binds to HLA-DR4 and activates CD4+ T cells, has been identified. The non-classical class II antigen, HLA-DM, is also a key component of class II antigen presentation pathways influencing peptide presentation by HLA-DR molecules expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells (APC). Here, we investigated whether the HLA-DR4-restricted presentation of the pathogenic CII(261-273) epitope was regulated by HLA-DM expression in APC. We show that APC lacking HLA-DM efficiently display the CII(261-273) peptide/epitope to activate CD4+ T cells, and that presentation of this peptide is modulated dependent on the level of HLA-DM expression in APC. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the CII(261-273) peptide is internalized by APC and edited by HLA-DM molecules in the recycling pathway, inhibiting peptide presentation and T cell recognition. These findings suggest that HLA-DM expression in APC controls class II-mediated CII(261-273) peptide/epitope presentation and regulates CD4+ T cell responses to this self epitope, thus potentially influencing CII-dependent autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Amria
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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25
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Neuhausen SL, Steele L, Ryan S, Mousavi M, Pinto M, Osann KE, Flodman P, Zone JJ. Co-occurrence of celiac disease and other autoimmune diseases in celiacs and their first-degree relatives. J Autoimmun 2008; 31:160-5. [PMID: 18692362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of other autoimmune diseases in celiac disease families has not been previously reported in a North American population. We investigated the familial aggregation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis/juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JRA/JIA), hypothyroidism, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and alopecia areata (AA) among individuals in families with celiac disease (CD). Family history information, obtained from questionnaires from the University of California Irvine Celiac Disease study, was reviewed for reports of RA, JRA/JIA, hypothyroidism, IDDM, and AA in celiac disease cases and their first-degree relatives. Reports of disease were compared with prevalence data from the literature and analyzed by calculating the standardized ratio (SR) with 95% confidence limits. We analyzed: (1) subjects with confirmed celiac disease or dermatitis herpetiformis (205 probands and 203 affected first-degree relatives) and (2) first-degree relatives of celiac disease cases (n=1272). We found a significantly increased number of cases, relative to the expected number, of IDDM in both groups and hypothyroidism among subjects with celiac disease. JRA/JIA was increased among first-degree relatives of celiacs. These results indicate that the presence of IDDM within our celiac disease families may be due to shared genetic susceptibility predisposing to these diseases or autoimmune diseases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, 224 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-7550, USA.
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Sheikhi A, Nazarian M, Khadem-al-melleh A, Nasab NM, Esmaeilzadeh A, Yahaghi N, Sheikhi R. In-vitro effects of Mycobacterium bovis BCG-lysate and its derived heat shock proteins on cytokines secretion by blood mononuclear cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients in comparison with healthy controls. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:887-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ueno A, Murasaki K, Hagiwara N, Kasanuki H. Increases in circulating T lymphocytes expressing HLA-DR and CD40 ligand in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Heart Vessels 2007; 22:316-21. [PMID: 17879023 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-007-0977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory and immunological mechanisms are implicated in the development of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Since activated T lymphocytes express surface HLA-DR antigens, an increased level of these cells in the circulation could indicated an ongoing immune response. While the role of activated T lymphocytes in experimental myocarditis has been elucidated, the contribution of T lymphocyte activation in clinical DCM remains unclear. We therefore examined the role of T-cell activation in peripheral blood samples obtained from 10 patients with DCM (mean age, 49 +/- 12 years) and from 10 age-matched healthy controls. Citrated whole blood was mixed with fluorescein isothiocyanate- or phycoerythrin-conjugated specific monoclonal antibodies and analyzed using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). The ratio (%) of histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR positive cells in the FACS gated lymphocyte population was significantly higher in DCM patients than in controls (7.9% +/- 5.3% vs 2.0% +/- 0.9%; P < 0.01). The expression of CD40L on T cells determined as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was also significantly higher in DCM patients than in controls (3.6 +/- 2.1 vs 1.8 +/- 0.4 MFI; P < 0.05). Furthermore, the ratios of T cells expressing HLA-DR and serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels closely correlated (P = 0.0008). We showed that HLA-DR on peripheral T cells significantly correlated with serum BNP levels and that high CD40L expression on T cells was concomitant with increased BNP levels (P < 0.05). Therefore the magnitude of T-cell expression, such as increased expression of HLA-DR and CD40L, contributes to myocardial dysfunction in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Ueno
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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MacKenzie NM. New therapeutics that treat rheumatoid arthritis by blocking T-cell activation. Drug Discov Today 2006; 11:952-6. [PMID: 16997147 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Revised: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent introduction of several new biological products, there remains a significant unmet medical need in rheumatoid arthritis. A focus on the aberrant activation of autoimmune T cells, which is integral to pathogenesis, is a promising approach involved in several of these new therapies. In choosing a molecular target for the modification of T-cell function, it is argued in this article, that within co-stimulatory pathways, CD80 could have a more compelling rationale than CD86. Data are presented showing that CD80-mediated T-cell activation can be inhibited using a small-molecule antagonist, which offers the potential to prevent the inflammatory process leading to joint destruction.
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Gorman JD, Lum RF, Chen JJ, Suarez-Almazor ME, Thomson G, Criswell LA. Impact of shared epitope genotype and ethnicity on erosive disease: a meta-analysis of 3,240 rheumatoid arthritis patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:400-12. [PMID: 14872482 DOI: 10.1002/art.20006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The strongest known genetic association in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is with HLA-DRB1 alleles that share a similar amino acid sequence, termed the shared epitope (SE). Although many studies have examined the association of the SE with disease severity, the results have been inconsistent, which may reflect the relatively small sample sizes or ethnic differences. The aim of this study was to assess the association of HLA-DRB1 SE alleles and genotype with the development of bony erosions in RA by meta-analysis. METHODS We identified English-language articles published between January 1, 1987 and June 1, 1999 through Medline, EMBase, and manual searches of 6 relevant journals. Included were studies in which molecular typing of HLA-DRB1 alleles was performed and in which the presence or absence of bony erosions was reported. Data were extracted from the studies, and erosions were coded as present or absent. Authors were contacted for missing information and data on individual patients. RESULTS A total of 29 studies and 3,240 patients were available for analysis. The summary odds ratios (ORs), when all patients were evaluated as a single group, demonstrated a significant association of the presence of the SE (2 or 1 versus 0 SE alleles) with erosions (OR 2.0; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.8-2.2), although significant heterogeneity was present (P = 0.002). Subgroup analyses demonstrated the important influence of ethnic background. For example, no association of the SE with erosions was demonstrated in Greeks (OR 0.8 [95% CI 0.2-1.5]). In contrast, there was a striking dose-dependent relationship in southern European Caucasians and Asians, with ORs as high as 6.2 and 5.4, respectively, in patients with 2 SE alleles. Although our ability to assess the relationship between SE genotype and erosions was limited, particular importance of the DRB1*0401 SE allele was suggested in an analysis restricted to northern European Caucasians. CONCLUSION The SE is associated with the development of erosive disease in many ethnic groups; however, striking exceptions exist. These variations may be due to allele differences between populations, such as the frequency of DRB1*0401 among different ethnic groups. Further study to better understand the genetic and environmental differences between these populations may provide insight into mechanisms that influence the clinical expression of RA.
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Bäcklund J, Nandakumar KS, Bockermann R, Mori L, Holmdahl R. Genetic Control of Tolerance to Type II Collagen and Development of Arthritis in an Autologous Collagen-Induced Arthritis Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 171:3493-9. [PMID: 14500645 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.7.3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T cell recognition of the type II collagen (CII) 260-270 peptide is a bottleneck for the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. We have earlier made C3H.Q mice expressing CII with glutamic acid instead of aspartic acid at position 266 (the MMC-C3H.Q mouse), similar to the rat and human CII epitope, which increases binding to MHC class II and leads to effective presentation of the peptide in vivo. These mice show T cell tolerance to CII, but also develop severe arthritis. The present investigation shows that non-MHC genes play a decisive role in determining tolerance and arthritis susceptibility. We bred MMC into B10.Q mice, which display similar susceptibility to CIA induced with rat CII as the C3H.Q mice. In contrast to MMC-C3H.Q mice, MMC-B10.Q mice were completely resistant to arthritis. Nontransgenic (B10.Q x C3H.Q)F(1) mice were more susceptible to CIA than either of the parental strains, but introduction of the MMC transgene leads to CIA resistance, showing that the protection is dominantly inherited from B10.Q. In an attempt to break the B10-mediated CIA protection in MMC-transgenic mice, we introduced a transgenic, CII-specific, TCR beta-chain specific for the CII(260-270) glycopeptide, in the highly CIA-susceptible (B10.Q x DBA/1)F(1) mice. The magnification of the autoreactive CII-specific T cell repertoire led to increased CIA susceptibility, but the disease was less severe than in mice lacking the MMC transgene. This finding is important for understanding CIA and perhaps also rheumatoid arthritis, as in both diseases MHC class II-restricted T cell recognition of the glycosylated CII peptide occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bäcklund
- Section of Medical Inflammation Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
The investigation of genetic factors affecting the development or severity of rheumatoid arthritis may give new insights into the pathways involved in disease pathogenesis and lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Recently, several novel approaches have been used in the attempt to unravel the complex association of rheumatoid arthritis with the human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) gene region. It is clear that non-HLA genes are also involved in disease pathogenesis, and identifying them remains a challenge. In the past year, considerable headway has been made in this field, and some interesting strategies have been used. This review summarizes the results of many of the HLA and non-HLA studies and tries to draw lessons from the investigation of genetic susceptibility factors in other complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Barton
- ARC Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Seidl C, Körbitzer J, Badenhoop K, Seifried E, Hoelzer D, Zanelli E, Kaltwasser JP. Protection against severe disease is conferred by DERAA-bearing HLA-DRB1 alleles among HLA-DQ3 and HLA-DQ5 positive rheumatoid arthritis patients. Hum Immunol 2001; 62:523-9. [PMID: 11334677 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(01)00226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies in transgenic mice have suggested that HLA-DQ predisposes to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but could also modulate disease severity by presenting peptides derived from self-DR molecules. In particular, a short amino acid sequence, (70)DERAA(74), in the third hypervariable region of HLA-DRB1 confers protection for the disease, while particular HLA-DQ [DQB1*0501/DQA1*01 (DQ5) and DQB1*03/DQA1*03 (DQ3)] molecules predispose to the disease. We have therefore analyzed the allelic distribution of HLA-DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 and the presence of rheumatoid factor and nodules among 199 German RA patients and 196 healthy controls. Our results show that HLA-DQB1*03/DQA1*03 (or DRB1*04) predisposes to RA more than HLA-DQB1*0501/DQA1*01 (i.e., DRB1*01 and DRB1*10). Homozygosity for DQ3 confers the strongest genetic risk for RA (OR = 19.79 compared to OR = 10.05 for two doses of shared epitope (SE) positive HLA-DRB1 alleles). Furthermore, patients carrying both predisposing DQ and (70)DERAA(74)-positive HLA-DRB1 alleles are more often rheumatoid factor (RF) negative than patients carrying predisposing DQ alleles alone. Only one out of 14 patients (7%) with a protective combination (DQ3/(70)DERAA(74) and DQ5/(70)DERAA(74)) had rheumatoid nodules compared to 67 out of 144 patients (46.5%) with predisposing DQ alleles alone (OR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.02-0.72, p = 0.004). These results demonstrate a protective role of (70)DERAA(74)-positive DRB1 alleles against disease severity among RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Seidl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, JW Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Zanelli E, Breedveld FC, de Vries RR. HLA class II association with rheumatoid arthritis: facts and interpretations. Hum Immunol 2000; 61:1254-61. [PMID: 11163080 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(00)00185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have reviewed the literature on the association of HLA class II with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Strong linkage disequilibrium among DQB1, DQA1 and DRB1 alleles makes it difficult to evaluate the individual contribution of each locus. Nonetheless, there is a strong case for the role of DQB1*03 and *04 combined with DQA1*03 in susceptibility to severe RA while DQB1*0501 combined with DQA1*0101 and *0104 weakly predisposes to a mild form of RA. However, it is also clear that DRB1*0401 has a particular role in predisposition to the most severe form of the disease while other DRB1 alleles might provide protection. We would like to propose that in RA, as in type I diabetes, both DQ and DR loci contribute to predisposition to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zanelli
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
In the post-genomic era, the expression and investigation of human (auto)immunity genes seems more relevant than ever. The generation of humanized animal models of human diseases will be useful to study the interplay between genetic and non-genetic factors in disease development and may form a basis for the development of new drugs that act more specifically than the ones currently in use. Transgenic mice have been generated that express various human proteins--candidate autoantigens, disease-associated MHC class II molecules, TCRs and/or CD4--in order to study diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fugger
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby Sygehus, DK-8200 N, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Holmdahl R. Association of MHC and rheumatoid arthritis. Why is rheumatoid arthritis associated with the MHC genetic region? An introduction. ARTHRITIS RESEARCH 2000; 2:203-4. [PMID: 11094429 PMCID: PMC130002 DOI: 10.1186/ar87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2000] [Accepted: 02/29/2000] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Holmdahl
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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