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Glass K, Fines C, Coulter P, Jena L, McCarthy HO, Buckley N. Development and Characterization of a Peptide-Bisphosphonate Nanoparticle for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Mol Pharm 2024. [PMID: 39196792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
In women, breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer, and despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, 20-30% of early stage BC patients develop metastatic disease. Metastatic BC is deemed an incurable disease, which accounts for 90% of BC related deaths, with only 26% of metastatic patients reaching a 5 year survival rate. Therefore, there is an unmet need for the prevention or treatment of metastasis in early stage breast cancer patients. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are potent inhibitors of bone resorption and are extensively used for the prevention of osteoporosis and other skeletal disorders, as well as for the treatment of secondary bone cancer in BC patients. Furthermore, the direct anticancer activity of BPs has been established in primary tumor models. However, these studies were limited by the need for dosages far above the clinical range to overcome BPs' high affinity for bones and poor accumulation in the tumor itself, which leads to toxicity, including osteonecrosis of the jaw. To decrease BP dosage, increase bioavailability, and direct anticancer activity, we used the RALA (R-) peptide delivery system to form highly stable NPs with the nitrogen containing BP, risedronate (R-RIS). In vitro studies showed that, in comparison to RIS, R-RIS nanoparticles increased cytotoxicity and reduced metastatic features such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion of metastatic BC cells to bones. Furthermore, in an in vivo model, R-RIS had increased tumor accumulation while still maintaining similar bone accumulation to RIS alone. This increase in tumor accumulation corresponded with decreased tumor volume and lungs metastasis. R-RIS has great potential to be used in combination with standard of care chemotherapy for the treatment of primary BC and its metastasis while still having its bone resorption inhibiting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Glass
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Cory Fines
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Paula Coulter
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Lynn Jena
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Niamh Buckley
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland, U.K
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Norquest CJ, Rogic A, Gimotty PA, Maitz CA, Rindt H, Ashworth HL, Bryan JN, Donnelly LL, McCleary-Wheeler AL, Flesner BK. Effects of neoadjuvant zoledronate and radiation therapy on cell survival, cell cycle distribution, and clinical status in canine osteosarcoma. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1237084. [PMID: 38362299 PMCID: PMC10867971 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1237084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a third-generation bisphosphonate with a higher affinity for bone resorption areas than earlier bisphosphonates (i.e., pamidronate, PAM). In human medicine, ZOL provides improved bone pain relief and prolonged time to skeletal-related events compared to its older generational counterparts. Preclinical studies have investigated its role as an anti-neoplastic agent, both independently and synergistically, with radiation therapy (RT). ZOL and RT act synergistically in several neoplastic human cell lines: prostate, breast, osteosarcoma, and fibrosarcoma. However, the exact mechanism of ZOL's radiosensitization has not been fully elucidated. Methods We investigated ZOL's ability to induce apoptosis in canine osteosarcoma cell lines treated with various doses of megavoltage external beam radiotherapy. Second, we evaluated cell cycle arrest in ZOL-treated cells to assess several neo-adjuvant time points. Finally, we treated 20 dogs with naturally occurring appendicular OS with 0.1 mg/kg ZOL IV 24 h before receiving 8 Gy of RT (once weekly fraction x 4 weeks). Results We found that apoptosis was increased in all ZOL-treated cell lines compared to controls, and the combination of ZOL and RT resulted in dissimilar apoptosis between Abrams and D-17 and HMPOS cell lines. Cell cycle arrest (G2/M phase) was minimal and variable between cell lines but perhaps greatest at 48 h post-ZOL treatment. Only 10% of dogs treated with ZOL and RT developed pathologic fractures, compared to 44% of dogs historically treated with PAM and RT (p = 0.027). Discussion ZOL and RT appear to be a well-tolerated combination treatment scheme for non-surgical candidates; future studies must elucidate the ideal timing of ZOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa J. Norquest
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Anita Rogic
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Phyllis A. Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles A. Maitz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hansjorg Rindt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hayley L. Ashworth
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jeffrey N. Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Lindsay L. Donnelly
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Angela L. McCleary-Wheeler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Brian K. Flesner
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Seshacharyulu P, Halder S, Nimmakayala R, Rachagani S, Chaudhary S, Atri P, Chirravuri-Venkata R, Ouellette MM, Carmicheal J, Gautam SK, Vengoji R, Wang S, Li S, Smith L, Talmon GA, Klute K, Ly Q, Reames BN, Grem JL, Berim L, Padussis JC, Kaur S, Kumar S, Ponnusamy MP, Jain M, Lin C, Batra SK. Disruption of FDPS/Rac1 axis radiosensitizes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by attenuating DNA damage response and immunosuppressive signalling. EBioMedicine 2021; 75:103772. [PMID: 34971971 PMCID: PMC8718746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation therapy (RT) has a suboptimal effect in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) due to intrinsic and acquired radioresistance (RR). Comprehensive bioinformatics and microarray analysis revealed that cholesterol biosynthesis (CBS) is involved in the RR of PDAC. We now tested the inhibition of the CBS pathway enzyme, farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), by zoledronic acid (Zol) to enhance radiation and activate immune cells. Methods We investigated the role of FDPS in PDAC RR using the following methods: in vitro cell-based assay, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, immunoblot, cell-based cholesterol assay, RNA sequencing, tumouroids (KPC-murine and PDAC patient-derived), orthotopic models, and PDAC patient's clinical study. Findings FDPS overexpression in PDAC tissues and cells (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) is associated with poor RT response and survival (P = 0.024). CRISPR/Cas9 and pharmacological inhibition (Zol) of FDPS in human and mouse syngeneic PDAC cells in conjunction with RT conferred higher PDAC radiosensitivity in vitro (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001) and in vivo (P < 0.05). Interestingly, murine (P = 0.01) and human (P = 0.0159) tumouroids treated with Zol+RT showed a significant growth reduction. Mechanistically, RNA-Seq analysis of the PDAC xenografts and patients-PBMCs revealed that Zol exerts radiosensitization by affecting Rac1 and Rho prenylation, thereby modulating DNA damage and radiation response signalling along with improved systemic immune cells activation. An ongoing phase I/II trial (NCT03073785) showed improved failure-free survival (FFS), enhanced immune cell activation, and decreased microenvironment-related genes upon Zol+RT treatment. Interpretation Our findings suggest that FDPS is a novel radiosensitization target for PDAC therapy. This study also provides a rationale to utilize Zol as a potential radiosensitizer and as an immunomodulator in PDAC and other cancers. Funding National Institutes of Health (P50, P01, and R01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Sushanta Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Ramakanth Chirravuri-Venkata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Michel M Ouellette
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Joseph Carmicheal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6861, USA
| | - Sicong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6861, USA
| | - Lynette Smith
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kelsey Klute
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Quan Ly
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bradley N Reames
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jean L Grem
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lyudmyla Berim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - James C Padussis
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chi Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6861, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Mbese Z, Aderibigbe BA. Bisphosphonate-Based Conjugates and Derivatives as Potential Therapeutic Agents in Osteoporosis, Bone Cancer and Metastatic Bone Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6869. [PMID: 34206757 PMCID: PMC8268474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic bone cancer occurs in every type of cancer but is prevalent in lung, breast, and prostate cancers. These metastases can cause extensive morbidity, including a range of skeletal-related events, often painful and linked with substantial hospital resource usage. The treatment used is a combination of chemotherapy and surgery. However, anticancer drugs are still limited due to severe side effects, drug resistance, poor blood supply, and non-specific drug uptake, necessitating high toxic doses. Bisphosphonates are the main class of drugs utilized to inhibit metastatic bone cancer. It is also used for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. However, bisphosphonate also suffers from serious side effects. Thus, there is a serious need to develop bisphosphonate conjugates with promising therapeutic outcomes for treating metastatic bone cancer and osteoporosis. This review article focuses on the biological outcomes of designed bisphosphonate-based conjugates for the treatment of metastatic bone cancer and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blessing A. Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, Alice Campus, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa;
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5
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Radeczky P, Megyesfalvi Z, Laszlo V, Fillinger J, Moldvay J, Raso E, Schlegl E, Barbai T, Timar J, Renyi-Vamos F, Dome B, Hegedus B. The effects of bisphosphonate and radiation therapy in bone-metastatic lung adenocarcinoma: the impact of KRAS mutation. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:675-684. [PMID: 33718013 PMCID: PMC7947398 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background KRAS mutation is the most common genetic alteration in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) in Western countries and is associated with worse outcome in bone-metastatic cases. Yet, to date, no effective treatment guidelines were developed for these patients. Accordingly, our aim was to investigate the impact of KRAS mutation on bisphosphonate (BTx) and radiation therapy (RTx) in bone-metastatic LADC patients. Methods Clinicopathological variables of 134 consecutive LADC patients with bone metastases at diagnosis and known KRAS status were retrospectively analyzed. The effects of BTx, RTx and KRAS mutation on overall survival (OS) were investigated. Results Of the total cohort, 93 patients were identified as KRAS wild-type (WT) (69.4%) and 41 (30.6%) as KRAS mutant patients. The presence of KRAS mutation was associated with significantly reduced median OS (5.1 vs. 10.2 months in KRAS WT patients; P=0.008). Irrespective of KRAS mutational status both BTx (P=0.007) and RTx (P=0.021) conferred a significant benefit for OS. Notably, however, when analyzing the patients with KRAS-mutant and KRAS WT tumors separately, the benefit from BTx and RTx on OS remained statistically significant only in KRAS WT patients (P=0.032 and P=0.031, respectively). Conclusions KRAS mutation is a strong negative prognostic factor in bone-metastatic LADC patients. Both BTx and RTx can increase the OS with a pronounced benefit for patients with KRAS WT tumors. Altogether, KRAS mutational status should be considered during therapeutic decision making in bone-metastatic LADC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Radeczky
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janos Fillinger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Moldvay
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsebet Raso
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Tamas Barbai
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Timar
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Tumor Progression Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Renyi-Vamos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
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Tanaka H, Makita C, Manabe Y, Kajima M, Matsuyama K, Matsuo M. Radiation therapy combined with bone-modifying agents ameliorates local control of osteolytic bone metastases in breast cancer. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:494-498. [PMID: 32266394 PMCID: PMC7299266 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bone-modifying agents (BMAs) are frequently used for the treatment of bone metastases. Both BMA and radiation therapy (RT) are effective; however, there are few studies that have evaluated the efficacy of the combination treatment. We evaluated the effectiveness of RT + BMA in breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone metastasis as compared to BMA alone. A total of 43 lesions in 25 patients were evaluated. The median follow-up period was 18 (range, 2-90) months. None of the lesions was treated with chemotherapy or molecular targeted drugs during the follow-up period for evaluating the local response. Patients with complete or partial response were considered as responders, while those with stable or progressive disease were considered as non-responders. The rate of response with RT + BMA was significantly higher than that with BMA alone (P = 0.001). The cumulative incidence rate of response at 6 months was 54.4% in the RT + BMA group and 27.5% in the BMA alone group. The median time to response was 4 (range, 2-11) months in the RT + BMA group and 6 (range, 4-16) months in the BMA alone group. The overall survival rate in the responder group (83.1% at 1 year) was significantly higher than that in the non-responder group (37.5% at 1 year) (P = 0.029). In conclusion, RT combined with BMA was found to be more effective than BMA alone for the treatment of osteolytic bone metastasis, which thereby improves the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Tanaka
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Chiyoko Makita
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Miki Kajima
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Matsuo
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
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7
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Boran G, Tavakoli S, Dierking I, Kamali AR, Ege D. Synergistic effect of graphene oxide and zoledronic acid for osteoporosis and cancer treatment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7827. [PMID: 32385391 PMCID: PMC7211009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a third generation bisphosphonate which can be used as a drug for the treatment of osteoporosis and metastasis. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) is conjugated with ZOL, and the nanostructured material is evaluated in terms viability, proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, the associated morphological changes of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC), and Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cells, as well as the effect of the drugs on mineralization of BM-MSCs are investigated using a variety of characterization techniques including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as alamar blue, acridine orange, and alizarin red assays. Nanostructured ZOL-GO with an optimum performance is synthesized using ZOL and GO suspensions with the concentration of 50 µM and 2.91 ng/ml, respectively. ZOL-GO nanostructures can facilitate the mineralization of BM-MSC cells, demonstrated by the formation of clusters around the cells. The results obtained confirm the performance of ZOL-GO nanostructures as promising drug complexes for the treatment of osteoporosis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçen Boran
- Boğaziçi University, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, İstanbul, Turkey, 34368
| | - Sepideh Tavakoli
- Boğaziçi University, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, İstanbul, Turkey, 34368
- Northeastern University, College of Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts USA 02115, Boğaziçi University, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, İstanbul, Turkey, 34368
| | - Ingo Dierking
- University of Manchester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Reza Kamali
- Energy and Environmental Materials Research Centre (E2MC), School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China, 110819
| | - Duygu Ege
- Boğaziçi University, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, İstanbul, Turkey, 34368.
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8
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Wang Q, Sun B, Meng X, Liu C, Cong Y, Wu S. Density of bone metastatic lesions increases after radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2019; 60:394-400. [PMID: 30785994 PMCID: PMC6530615 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rry098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess local response to radiotherapy (RT) in a quantitative manner by evaluating the bone density of metastases. Spinal and pelvic bone metastases in 44 patients with breast cancer who were treated between May 2010 and December 2016 were retrospectively assessed. Bone density values of irradiated and unirradiated bone metastases before, 1-3 months after, 4-6 months after, and 7-9 months after RT were compared. At each time point, mean bone density ± standard deviation values were measured in Hounsfield units (HU) from computed tomography (CT) scans. Student's t-test was used for statistical analyses of the differences in bone density and for univariate analysis of the prognostic factors for differences in bone density at various time points after RT. Mean bone densities in irradiated and unirradiated bone metastases before RT were 297.31 ± 211.93 HU and 326.29 ± 228.61 HU, respectively. At the subsequent three time points examined, the mean bone density values in the irradiated and unirradiated bone metastases were: 61.97 ± 78.58 HU (P = 0.000) and 36.93 ± 52.49 HU (P = 0.001); 149.07 ± 133.27 HU (P = 0.000) and 68.40 ± 101.10 HU (P = 0.000); and 183.94 ± 168.30 HU (P = 0.000) and 88.21 ± 159.49 HU (P = 0.004), respectively, in each case. Patients receiving bisphosphonates exhibited greater increases in bone density in their metastases 1-3 months after RT (83.04 ± 82.18 HU vs 26.86 ± 60.55 HU, respectively; P = 0.044), whereas chemotherapy before RT was associated with significantly lower increases in bone density at the subsequent three time points [(37.53 ± 67.66 HU vs 93.63 ± 80.36 HU, P = 0.027), (99.30 ± 107.92 HU vs 180.24 ± 127.85 HU, P = 0.030), and (126.07 ± 141.77 HU vs 236.28 ± 158.22 HU, P = 0.024), respectively, in each case]. Comparing bone density values determined from CT scans appears to be a practicable and reproducible method for assessing local response to RT for bone metastasis of breast cancer. Increased bone density was also observed in the irradiated bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 307 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 307 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangying Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 307 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 307 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Cong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 307 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Shikai Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 307 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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Zoledronic acid is an effective radiosensitizer in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70869-70880. [PMID: 27765919 PMCID: PMC5342595 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome radioresistance in the treatment of osteosarcoma, a primary malignant tumor of the bone, radiotherapy is generally combined with radiosensitizers. The purpose of this study was to investigate a third-generation bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid (ZOL), as a radiosensitizer for osteosarcoma. We found that exposure of KHOS/NP osteosarcoma cells to 20 μM ZOL decreased the γ-radiation dose needed to kill 90% of cells. This radiosensitizing effect of ZOL was mediated through decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, increased DNA damage (as assessed by counting γ-H2AX foci), decreased abundance of proteins involved in DNA repair pathways (ATR, Rad52, and DNA-PKcs), and decreased phosphorylation of PI3K-Akt and MAPK pathway proteins (Raf1, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and Akt), as compared to γ-irradiation alone. Cells treated with ZOL plus γ-irradiation showed impaired cell migration and invasion and reduced expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers (vimentin, MMP9, and Slug). In Balb/c nude mice, the mean size of orthotopic osteosarcoma tumors 2 weeks post-inoculation was 195 mm3 following γ-irradiation (8 Gy), while it was 150 mm3 after γ-irradiation plus ZOL treatment (0.1 mg/kg twice weekly for 2 weeks). These results provide a rationale for combining ZOL with radiotherapy to treat osteosarcoma.
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Du C, Wang Y, Li H, Huang Y, Jiang O, You Y, Luo F. Zoledronic acid augments the radiosensitivity of cancer cells through perturbing S- and M-phase cyclins and p21 CIP1 expression. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4237-4242. [PMID: 28943933 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy have become the standard treatments for multiple types of cancer. Although cancer cells are usually sensitive to radiotherapy, metastasis and local failure still occur mainly due to developed resistance to radiotherapy. Thus, it is critical to improve therapeutics for cancer treatment. The present study demonstrated that third-generation bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZOL), even at a low concentration, augments the radiosensitivity of cancer cells exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) by inducing S-phase arrest and subsequently promoting apoptosis. This function of ZOL was associated with elevated levels of cyclin A and cyclin B in the S and M phases, as well as decreased p21CIP1 expression. In addition, ZOL also inhibited malignant the invasiveness of cancer cells. Notably, these effects could be enhanced concurrently with IR. The present data indicated that combined treatment with ZOL plus IR may be a novel technique to augment the radiosensitivity of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610004, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Luzhou Medical College, Neijiang, Sichuan 641003, P.R. China
| | - Yuyi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610004, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Luzhou Medical College, Neijiang, Sichuan 641003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Luzhou Medical College, Neijiang, Sichuan 641003, P.R. China
| | - Ou Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Luzhou Medical College, Neijiang, Sichuan 641003, P.R. China
| | - Yanjie You
- Pathological Examinations and Research Center, Luohe, Henan 462002, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462002, P.R. China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610004, P.R. China
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Lopez-Morata JA, Olivares A, Alcaraz M. [Decrease in toxicity and therapeutic effect of zoledronic acid in combination therapy with different antioxidant extracts]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2016; 51:329-334. [PMID: 26948964 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoledronic acid is used in the treatment of cancer-related diseases, although its use has been associated with avascular osteonecrosis. AIMS To determine the possible protective effect of a range of antioxidant substances against the inhibition of human prostate epithelial cell growth (PNT2) and transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate tumour cells (TRAMP-C1), in treatments combining zoledronic acid and ionising radiation (IR). MATERIAL AND METHOD Cell survival is studied via cell viability assays (MTT) for 2 cell lines in isolated and combined treatments with zoledronic acid and/or IR, as well as the effect of adding 3 antioxidant substances. RESULTS Zoledronic acid displays a significant cytotoxic effect over PNT2 and TRAMP-C1 cells (P<.001). The administration of antioxidants together with the zoledronic acid shows a protective effect for normal prostate cells, yet not so for prostate tumour cells. However, the administration of rosmarinic acid and apigenin in treatments combined with zoledronic acid provides a protective effect from the harmful effects of applying ionizing radiation, not only for normal PNT2 cells, but also for tumour cells. CONCLUSION The use of antioxidant substances decreases the cytotoxic effect of zoledronic acid over non-tumour cells, and as such could be used in benign diseases. Furthermore, in the combined treatment using ionising radiation, these antioxidants also produced a protective effect in tumour cells, thus reducing the therapeutic effect sought by combining the treatment with radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Lopez-Morata
- Departamento de Radiología, Facultad de Medicina/Odontología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, Murcia, España; Departamento de Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina/Odontología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, Murcia, España
| | - Amparo Olivares
- Departamento de Radiología, Facultad de Medicina/Odontología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, Murcia, España; Departamento de Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina/Odontología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, Murcia, España
| | - Miguel Alcaraz
- Departamento de Radiología, Facultad de Medicina/Odontología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, Murcia, España; Departamento de Medicina Física, Facultad de Medicina/Odontología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, Murcia, España.
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Bali EB, Açık L, Elçi P, Sarper M, Avcu F, Vural M. In vitro anti-oxidant, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of Achillea teretifolia Willd extracts on human prostate cancer cell lines. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S308-15. [PMID: 26664020 PMCID: PMC4653342 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.166060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of Achillea species are the most important native economic plants of Anatolia. They include highly bioactive compounds, so they have therapeutic applications. OBJECTIVE In the present study, the aim was to investigate in vitro anti-oxidant, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of Achillea teretifolia Willd extracts (Turkish name: Beyaz civanperÇemi). MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-oxidant potential of the extracts was analyzed by the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and total phenolic content methods. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to detect cytotoxicity of the extracts onhuman prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and PC-3) and human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells. mRNA expression levels of pro-apoptotic (bax, caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic (bcl-2) genes were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The results showed that extracts exhibited a remarkable DPPH scavenging activity, and total phenolic content of the methanol extract was higher than that of the water extract. As time and concentration were increased, the methanol extract exhibited a more powerful cytotoxic effect on prostate cancer cells. In prostate cancer cells, the levels of mRNA expression of the bax and caspase-3 genes were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05), whereas the expression of bcl-2 was down-regulated (P < 0.05). In HGF cells, there were no cytotoxic effect and apoptosis induction triggered by the extracts. CONCLUSION The methanol extract had more powerful anti-oxidant, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects than the water extract. The extracts could be good anti-oxidant sources, and they might include anti-cancer compounds triggering the cytotoxicity and the apoptosis on prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Bali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Gazi, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leyla Açık
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Gazi, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Elçi
- Medical and Cancer Research Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Sarper
- Medical and Cancer Research Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferit Avcu
- Medical and Cancer Research Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mecit Vural
- Medical and Cancer Research Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
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Özçelik AB, Gümüş F, Sağkan RI, Muşabak U. Synthesis of platinum(II) complexes of 2-cycloalkyl-substituted benzimidazoles and their cytotoxic effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 70:243-50. [PMID: 26501161 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2014-4188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Five novel Pt(II) complexes with some 2-cycloalkyl-substituted benzimidazole carrier-ligands were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against HeLa and OVCAR-3 cell lines. A cell viability test revealed that [dichloro-bis(2-cycloheptylbenzimidazole) platinum(II)] is less cytotoxic than cisplatin, and its cytotoxic effect can be compared with that of carboplatin. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that this complex at 117 μM concentration causes apoptosis in approx. 72 % of the OVCAR-3 cell population. In addition, the complex was found to cause an increase in the SubG1 population of both OVCAR-3 and HeLa cells and to cause less apoptosis in HeLa cells than cisplatin.
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Foerster R, Eisele C, Bruckner T, Bostel T, Schlampp I, Wolf R, Debus J, Rief H. Bone density as a marker for local response to radiotherapy of spinal bone metastases in women with breast cancer: a retrospective analysis. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:62. [PMID: 25884703 PMCID: PMC4355128 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We designed this study to quantify the effects of radiotherapy (RT) on bone density as a local response in spinal bone metastases of women with breast cancer and, secondly, to establish bone density as an accurate and reproducible marker for assessment of local response to RT in spinal bone metastases. METHODS We retrospectively assessed 135 osteolytic spinal metastases in 115 women with metastatic breast cancer treated at our department between January 2000 and January 2012. Primary endpoint was to compare bone density in the bone metastases before, 3 months after and 6 months after RT. Bone density was measured in Hounsfield units (HU) in computed tomography scans. We calculated mean values in HU and the standard deviation (SD) as a measurement of bone density before, 3 months and 6 months after RT. T-test was used for statistical analysis of difference in bone density as well as for univariate analysis of prognostic factors for difference in bone density 3 and 6 months after RT. RESULTS Mean bone density was 194.8 HU ± SD 123.0 at baseline. Bone density increased significantly by a mean of 145.8 HU ± SD 139.4 after 3 months (p = .0001) and by 250.3 HU ± SD 147.1 after 6 months (p < .0001). Women receiving bisphosphonates showed a tendency towards higher increase in bone density in the metastases after 3 months (152.6 HU ± SD 141.9 vs. 76.0 HU ± SD 86.1; p = .069) and pathological fractures before RT were associated with a significantly higher increase in bone density after 3 months (202.3 HU ± SD 161.9 vs. 130.3 HU ± SD 129.2; p = .013). Concomitant chemotherapy (ChT) or endocrine therapy (ET), hormone receptor status, performance score, applied overall RT dose and prescription of a surgical corset did not correlate with a difference in bone density after RT. CONCLUSIONS Bone density measurement in HU is a practicable and reproducible method for assessment of local RT response in osteolytic metastases in breast cancer. Our analysis demonstrated an excellent local response within metastases after palliative RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Foerster
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christian Eisele
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Bruckner
- Department of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Tilman Bostel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ingmar Schlampp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Robert Wolf
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Juergen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Harald Rief
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Bali EB, Açık L, Akca G, Sarper M, Elçi MP, Avcu F, Vural M. Antimicrobial activity against periodontopathogenic bacteria, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of various extracts from endemic Thermopsis turcica. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:505-14. [PMID: 25183268 DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014apjtb-2013-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro antimicrobial potential of Thermopsis turcica Kit Tan, Vural & Küçüködük against periodontopathogenic bacteria, its antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effect on various cancer cell lines. METHODS In vitro antimicrobial activities of ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate (EtAc), n-hexane and water extracts of Thermopsis turcica herb against periodontopathogenic bacteria, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29523 and Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 were tested by agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Antioxidant properties of the extracts were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching methods. Amounts of phenolic contents of the extracts were also analysed by using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Additionally, cytotoxic activity of the extracts on androgen-insensitive prostate cancer, androgen-sensitive prostate cancer, chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia human cancer cell lines were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Human gingival fibroblast cells were used as a control. RESULTS Our data showed that EtAc extract had the highest antimicrobial effect on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (MIC: 1.562 mg/mL, MBC: 3.124 mg/mL) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (MIC: 0.781 mg/mL, MBC: 1.562 mg/mL). In antioxidant assays, EtAc extract exhibited also the highest radical scavenging activity [IC50=(30.0±0.3) µg/mL] and the highest inhibition [(74.35±0.30)%] against lineloic acide oxidation. The amount of phenolic content of it was also the highest [(162.5±1.2) µg/mg gallic acid]. In cytotoxic assay, only ethanol [IC50=(80.00±1.21) µg/mL] and EtAc extract [IC50=(70.0±0.9) µg/mL] were toxic on acute promyelocytic leukemia cells at 20-100 µg/mL (P<0.05). However, no toxic effect was observed on human gingival fibroblast cells. CONCLUSIONS According to our findings, owing to its antioxidant and cytotoxic potential, EtAc extract might include anticancer agents for acute promyelocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Bali
- Health Services Vocational School, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leyla Açık
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Akca
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Sarper
- Cancer and Stem Cell Research Center, Gulhane Military Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mualla Pınar Elçi
- Cancer and Stem Cell Research Center, Gulhane Military Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferit Avcu
- Department of Hematology, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Center, Gulhane Military Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mecit Vural
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
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Lopez Jornet P, Susana SC, Rosario TM, Alvaro PF. Zoledronic acid and irradiation in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:103-8. [PMID: 25059973 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in vitro study evaluated cytotoxicity and cell migration effects of zoledronic acid and irradiation upon oral squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zoledronic acid was administrated at doses of 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM to PE/CA-PJ15 oral squamous cell carcinoma cultures, irradiated with different doses (0, 5, 15, and 30 Gy), followed by evaluation of the effects on cell viability. Cell migration capacity was studied after 24- and 72-h incubation. RESULTS At 24 h, the 100 μM concentration of zoledronic acid combined with 15 Gy irradiation caused the greatest decrease in cell viability. At 72 h, statistically significant decreases in cell viability were found with all concentrations of zoledronic acid with or without irradiation: 0 Gy (P < 0.001), 5 Gy (P < 0.001), 15 Gy (P < 0.001), and 30 Gy (P < 0.001). 50 μM and 100 μM doses of zoledronic acid combined with 5 Gy irradiation yielded the greatest decrease in cell migration capacity. CONCLUSIONS Zoledronic acid increases cytotoxic activity in the PE/CA-PJ15 cell line and reduces cell migration capacity. These findings suggest that combination therapy using biphosphates and radiation may offer a promising therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Lopez Jornet
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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17
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Unbiased analysis of pancreatic cancer radiation resistance reveals cholesterol biosynthesis as a novel target for radiosensitisation. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1139-49. [PMID: 25025965 PMCID: PMC4453840 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its promise as a highly useful therapy for pancreatic cancer (PC), the addition of external beam radiation therapy to PC treatment has shown varying success in clinical trials. Understanding PC radioresistance and discovery of methods to sensitise PC to radiation will increase patient survival and improve quality of life. In this study, we identified PC radioresistance-associated pathways using global, unbiased techniques. METHODS Radioresistant cells were generated by sequential irradiation and recovery, and global genome cDNA microarray analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes in radiosensitive and radioresistant cells. Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed to discover cellular pathways and functions associated with differential radioresponse and identify potential small-molecule inhibitors for radiosensitisation. The expression of FDPS, one of the most differentially expressed genes, was determined in human PC tissues by IHC and the impact of its pharmacological inhibition with zoledronic acid (ZOL, Zometa) on radiosensitivity was determined by colony-forming assays. The radiosensitising effect of Zol in vivo was determined using allograft transplantation mouse model. RESULTS Microarray analysis indicated that 11 genes (FDPS, ACAT2, AG2, CLDN7, DHCR7, ELFN2, FASN, SC4MOL, SIX6, SLC12A2, and SQLE) were consistently associated with radioresistance in the cell lines, a majority of which are involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. We demonstrated that knockdown of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), a branchpoint enzyme of the cholesterol synthesis pathway, radiosensitised PC cells. FDPS was significantly overexpressed in human PC tumour tissues compared with healthy pancreas samples. Also, pharmacologic inhibition of FDPS by ZOL radiosensitised PC cell lines, with a radiation enhancement ratio between 1.26 and 1.5. Further, ZOL treatment resulted in radiosensitisation of PC tumours in an allograft mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Unbiased pathway analysis of radioresistance allowed for the discovery of novel pathways associated with resistance to ionising radiation in PC. Specifically, our analysis indicates the importance of the cholesterol synthesis pathway in PC radioresistance. Further, a novel radiosensitiser, ZOL, showed promising results and warrants further study into the universality of these findings in PC, as well as the true potential of this drug as a clinical radiosensitiser.
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Fernandes C, Monteiro S, Mendes P, Gano L, Marques F, Casimiro S, Costa L, Correia JD, Santos I. Biological assessment of novel bisphosphonate-containing 99mTc/Re-organometallic complexes. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Camirand A, Fadhil I, Luco AL, Ochietti B, Kremer RB. Enhancement of taxol, doxorubicin and zoledronate anti-proliferation action on triple-negative breast cancer cells by a PTHrP blocking monoclonal antibody. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:500-508. [PMID: 24224127 PMCID: PMC3816969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are heterogeneous cancers that present tumors without the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Because of the absence of these receptors, there are currently no known specific molecular targets for treatment, and although TNBC tumors are chemosensitive, prognosis is poor because this type of cancer relapses more frequently and more aggressively than hormone receptor-positive cancers. The mechanisms by which TNBCs escape control by chemotherapy are not clear, and it is crucial to identify novel molecular drivers that can be targeted in order to develop more efficient therapeutic approaches. We recently highlighted a pleiotropic role for parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in all stages of breast cancer, and used our neutralizing anti-PTHrP monoclonal antibody (mAb M158) to efficiently inhibit progression and metastasis of human breast cancer xenografts in athymic mice. In the present study, we present evidence for a strong in vitro anti-proliferative effect of our blocking anti-PTHrP mAb M158 as a single agent on TNBC lines of various subtypes that are known to express PTHrP (MDA-MB-231, BT-549, MDA-MB-435). The same mAb is inactive in a TNBC line without detectable PTHrP expression (MDA-MB-468). In in vitro combination studies, the mAb enhances the effect of the chemotherapeutic drugs taxol and doxorubicin in PTHrP-positive TNBC cells in an additive manner. When combined with the bisphosphonate zoledronate, M158 can act in additive or antagonistic fashion in vitro depending on the cell line. Our observations identify PTHrP as a novel target against TNBC cell proliferation, and suggest that combination therapies that include an anti-PTHrP approach might increase treatment efficacy in patients with PTHrP-positive TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Camirand
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre Montréal, QC Canada, H3A 1A1
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Abstract
Recent data suggest that zoledronic acid may significantly augment the radiosensitivity of a number of systemic malignancies, including fibrosarcomas. Oncologists need to be aware of the radiosensitivity-enhancing properties of zoledronic acid.
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In Reply. Oncologist 2013; 18:e26-7. [DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our meta-analysis provides evidence that zoledronic acid in the adjuvant breast cancer setting may increase survival. Additional data from basic research and clinical trials in the future will help us interpret its role with more confidence.
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In vitro cytotoxicity of zoledronate (nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate: NBP) and/or etidronate (non-NBP) in tumour cells and periodontal cells. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:628-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kijima T, Koga F, Fujii Y, Yoshida S, Tatokoro M, Kihara K. Zoledronic acid sensitizes renal cell carcinoma cells to radiation by downregulating STAT1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64615. [PMID: 23741352 PMCID: PMC3669422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZOL), a third-generation bisphosphonate that strongly inhibits osteoclast activity, is widely used for the treatment of bone metastasis from a variety of malignancies, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We previously reported that zoledronic acid (ZOL) clinically potentiates antitumor effects of radiotherapy (RT) on bone metastases from RCC. To date, however, it remains unknown whether ZOL radiosensitizes RCC and if it does, how. Here, we demonstrated that ZOL directly radiosensitizes RCC cells independent of osteoclast activity by potentiating the caspase-3-mediated apoptosis pathway. The radiosensitization by ZOL was observed in 786-O, A-498, and ACHN cells but not in Caki-1 cells. As its underlying molecular mechanism, we found that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) plays a key role. The three RCC cell lines, in which ZOL exerted a radiosensitizing effect, expressed STAT1 abundantly but Caki-1 cells did not. ZOL downregulated endogenous STAT1 expression in 786-O, A-498, and ACHN cells by a post-transcriptional modification. We confirmed that knockdown of endogenous STAT1 by siRNA sensitized 786-O cells to RT equivalently to ZOL, and that introduction of exogenous STAT1 rendered Caki-1 cells more RT-resistant. This is the first study to clarify the molecular mechanism by which ZOL directly radiosensitizes tumor cells. Because tumor cells commonly overexpress STAT1 and ZOL reportedly radiosensitizes various types of tumor cells, ZOL warrants further clinical and translational studies as a potent radiosensitizer against RT-resistant tumors overexpressing STAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Kijima
- Graduate School of the Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Koga
- Graduate School of the Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yasuhisa Fujii
- Graduate School of the Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshida
- Graduate School of the Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Tatokoro
- Graduate School of the Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kihara
- Graduate School of the Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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You Y, Liu J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Ran Y, Guo X, Liu H, Wang H. The enhancement of radiosensitivity in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by zoledronic acid and its potential mechanism. Cytotechnology 2013; 66:17-25. [PMID: 23334334 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a low 5-year patient survival rate. Radiotherapy, as a preoperative or postoperative treatment of surgery, has a crucial role in improving local control and survival of ESCC. Various chemotherapeutic and biologic agents have been used as radio-sensitizers in combination with radiotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that zoledronic acid (ZOL) has a radio-sensitizing effect on ESCC cells. Exposure of ESCC cancer cells to ZOL plus radiation resulted in increased cell death through arresting the cell cycle between S and G2/M phases. ZOL appeared to inhibit proliferation, tube formation and invasion of endothelial cells. These anti-angiogenetic effects were more marked concurrently with irradiation. In addition, synergistic suppressive effects on VEGF expression were observed after combined treatment. Our data suggest that the combination of ZOL and radiation is a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance radiation therapy for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie You
- Department of Pharmacy, Luohe Medical College, 148 Daxue-Road, Luohe, 462002, China,
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Koto K, Murata H, Kimura S, Sawai Y, Horie N, Matsui T, Ryu K, Ashihara E, Maekawa T, Kubo T, Fushiki S. Zoledronic acid significantly enhances radiation‑induced apoptosis against human fibrosarcoma cells by inhibiting radioadaptive signaling. Int J Oncol 2012; 42:525-34. [PMID: 23242142 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZOL), a third-generation bisphosphonate, inhibits bone resorption, as well as exhibiting direct antitumor activity. To date, however, the combined effects of ZOL and ionizing radiation (IR) have not been assessed in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. We have, therefore, assessed the combined effects of ZOL and IR in fibrosarcoma cells. HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells were treated with ZOL and/or IR, together or sequentially and the antitumor effects were assessed. We found that ZOL significantly enhanced IR-induced apoptosis, especially when cells were treated with ZOL followed by IR. We, therefore, assessed the detailed mechanism of sequential treatment with ZOL and IR. Cells in G2 and M phases, the most radiosensitive phases of the cell cycle, were not increased by low concentrations of ZOL. However, the levels of expression of Akt, ERK1/2 and NF-κB proteins, all of which are related to radioadaptive resistance, were increased within a short time after irradiation with 3 Gy, and this expression was inhibited by a low concentration of ZOL, which blocked the prenylation of small GTPases. This sequential treatment also increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggest that the combination of ZOL with IR may be beneficial in treating patients with soft tissue sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Koto
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Alcaraz M, Olivares A, Armero D, Alcaraz-Saura M, Achel D. Zoledronic acid and radiation: toxicity, synergy or radiosensitization? Clin Transl Oncol 2012; 15:300-6. [PMID: 23443898 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zoledronic acid (Z) is a bisphosphonate used in hypercalcaemia-related cancer, in complications for bone metastasis and in postmenopausal osteoporosis and it has been related to osteoradionecrosis, especially when associated with radiation to the head and neck structures. OBJECTIVES To determine the radiosensitization capacity of zoledronic acid in the combined treatment with ionizing radiation (IR) by evaluating its genotoxic and cytotoxic capacities in non-tumoral cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The genotoxic effect of Z was studied by means of the micronucleus test in cytokinesis-blocked cells of human lymphocytes irradiated before and after a 2 Gy irradiation, while the cytotoxic effect was studied by a cell viability test in the PNT2 cell line before and after exposure to different X-ray doses (0-20 Gy) in four groups (Z alone, radiation alone, Z + IR and IR + Z). RESULTS A dose-dependent and time-dependent cytotoxic effect of Z and IR on PNT2 cells in vitro (p > 0.001) was demonstrated. With the concentrations recommended for humans, the combined treatment had a more pronounced effect than individual treatments (p < 0.001). The effect was synergic (CI < 1), increasing the Z enhancement ratio (2.6) and sensitization factor (56 %); the effect of Z was always greater after IR exposure. In the genotoxic effect, only the administration of Z after irradiation (IR + Z) increased chromosome damage (p < 0.001) and the sensibilization factor (35.7 %). CONCLUSION High concentrations of Z are toxic, but the concentrations recommended for clinical practice in humans give it the characteristics of a radiosensitization agent, whose effect is even greater when administered after IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alcaraz
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine/Dentistry, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Hamilton E, Clay TM, Blackwell KL. New Perspectives on Zoledronic Acid in Breast Cancer: Potential Augmentation of Anticancer Immune Response. Cancer Invest 2011; 29:533-41. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2011.605413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Coleman R, Cook R, Hirsh V, Major P, Lipton A. Zoledronic acid use in cancer patients: more than just supportive care? Cancer 2011; 117:11-23. [PMID: 21235033 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone is the most common site for metastasis from solid tumors, and the majority of patients will develop bone metastases during the natural course of their disease. Bisphosphonates are an effective treatment for preventing skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases and may preserve functional independence and quality of life. Although several bisphosphonates have been investigated in patients with solid tumors, only zoledronic acid (ZOL) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for preventing skeletal-related events in patients across a broad range of solid tumors. In addition, bisphosphonates, notably ZOL, prevent cancer treatment-induced bone loss in breast and prostate cancer patients who are receiving endocrine therapy. It also has been demonstrated that ZOL directly and indirectly inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro and growth and tumorigenesis in animal model systems. These properties may produce clinically meaningful benefits. In recent clinical studies in patients with cancer, ZOL improved overall and prolonged disease-free survival. Ongoing clinical trials in patients with solid tumors will provide further insight into the potential of ZOL to prevent distant metastases and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Coleman
- Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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Development of radioresistance in drug resistant human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396909990070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground and purpose: Radiotherapy is used for the treatment of malignant tumours, and may be used as the primary therapy. It is also common to combine radiotherapy with surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy or some combination of them. Even if the tumour is treated intensively, women diagnosed with breast cancer may develop a recurrence. Most recurrences may be in the form of distant metastases, development of multi-drug resistance phenotype or both together. This study demonstrated that some of the multi-drug resistant cancer cells may also become radioresistant.Materials and Methods: Chemoresistance in paclitaxel (MCF-7/Pac), docetaxel (MCF-7/Doc), vincristine (MCF-7/Vinc), doxorubicin (MCF-7/Dox) and zoledronic acid (MCF-7/Zol) resistant MCF-7 cells were demonstrated by XTT assay. MDR1 gene expression was detected by real-time PCR in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Drug resistant and sensitive cells were exposed to γ-radiation and development of radioresistance was investigated.Results: Results have indicated that paclitaxel, docetaxel, vincristine, doxorubicin and zoledronic acid–selected cells gained varying degrees of resistance to their selective drugs when compared with original MCF-7/S. MCF-7/Pac, MCF-7/Doc, MCF-7/Vinc and MCF-7/Dox cells have all acquired MDR1 expression. Among the resistant sub-lines, MCF-7/Pac and MCF-7/Doc cells were significantly cross-resistant to irradiation compared to the sensitive cells.Conclusion: MCF-7/Pac and MCF-7/Doc cell lines were found radioresistant to γ-radiation. On the contrary, doxorubicin, vincristine and zoledronic acid resistant cancer cells were still sensitive to radiation.
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Zoledronic acid concurrent with either high- or reduced-dose palliative radiotherapy in the management of the breast cancer patients with bone metastases: a phase IV randomized clinical study. Support Care Cancer 2009; 18:691-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-009-0663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Winter MC, Holen I, Coleman RE. Exploring the anti-tumour activity of bisphosphonates in early breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2008; 34:453-75. [PMID: 18423992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and are firmly established in the management of breast cancer patients with metastatic skeletal disease. There are extensive data that bisphosphonates, particularly nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid, exhibit anti-tumour activity potentially via both indirect and direct mechanisms in vitro. In vivo studies using animal models of breast cancer induced bone disease have shown that bisphosphonates exert anti-tumour effects via inhibiting osteolysis and reducing skeletal tumour burden. Furthermore, pre-clinical studies have demonstrated synergistic anti-tumour effects between chemotherapy agents commonly used in breast cancer treatment and nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates. This, coupled with emerging evidence from pre-clinical in vivo studies suggesting that bisphosphonates may have additional anti-tumour activity outside of the bone microenvironment, could be of significant importance in the clinical management of breast cancer. The evidence in favour of an anti-tumour effect of bisphosphonates in the clinical setting is inconclusive however, with conflicting evidence from several trials. This review focuses on the anti-tumour activity of bisphosphonates in breast cancer, with particular focus on zoledronic acid. The pre-clinical evidence for anti-tumour activity will be reviewed, followed by the synergistic effects with anti-cancer agents. Finally, the clinical relevance and strategies for the evaluation of anti-tumour activity in breast cancer will be discussed. We are currently exploring the potential synergistic anti-tumour effects of the sequential treatment of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by zoledronic acid in a randomised phase II study evaluating biological endpoints including apoptosis, proliferation and angiogenesis in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Winter
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Section for Cancer, Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield S10 2SJ, UK.
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Bisphosphonate treatment and radiotherapy in metastatic breast cancer. Med Oncol 2008; 25:350-5. [PMID: 18202925 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-008-9044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced breast cancer frequently develop metastasis to bone. Bone metastasis results in intractable pain and high risk of pathologic fractures due to osteolysis. The treatment of breast cancer patients with bone metastases requires a multidisciplinary approach. Radiotherapy is an established treatment for metastatic bone pain. It may be delivered either as a localized low dose treatment for localized bone pain or systemically for more widespread symptoms. Bisphosphonates have been shown to reduce morbidity and bone pain from bone metastases when given to patients with metastatic bone disease. In vivo studies indicate that early bisphosphonates administration in combination with radiotherapy improves remineralization and restabilization of osteolytic bone metastases in animal tumor models. This review focused on a brief discussion about biology of bone metastases, the effects of radiotherapy and bisphosphonate therapy, and possible mechanisms of combination therapy in metastatic breast cancer patients.
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Gorduysus M, Avcu N, Gorduysus O, Pekel A, Baran Y, Avcu F, Ural AU. Cytotoxic effects of four different endodontic materials in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Endod 2007; 33:1450-4. [PMID: 18037057 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2007.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity, induced apoptosis and/or necrosis, and apoptotic mechanisms in human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts treated with four different endodontic materials: White ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (MTA/Dentsply; Tulsa Dental, Memphis, TN), Diaket (ESPE, Seefeld, Germany), Endion (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), and CYMED 8410 (NANO, Kaohsiung, Taiwan). The effects of these four materials on the viability of PDL fibroblasts were determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-SH-tetrazolium bromide) assay. Apoptotic pathways were evaluated via several mechanisms. Exposure to MTA for 24, 48, and 72 hours resulted in no significant differences in MTT reduction and viable cell number compared with controls. However, treatment of PDL fibroblasts with Diaket, Endion, and CYMED 8410 for 24, 48, and 72 hours resulted in cytotoxicity with MTT and a reduction of viable cell number with trypan blue dye exclusion test compared with controls (from p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed that Diaket, Endion, and CYMED 8410 induced higher percentages of apoptosis and/or necrosis than in controls (45.6%, 25.5%, and 6.3%, respectively). Results of cell-cycle analyses were concordant with annexin V-FITC/PI staining findings. These results suggest that MTA is a very biocompatible filling material. However, Diaket, Endion, and CYMED 8410 are toxic to PDL fibroblasts in vitro. The main form of cell death induced by these filling materials was determined to be apoptosis and/or necrosis.
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Ural AU, Avcu F. Therapeutic Role of Bisphosphonate and Radiation Combination in the Management of Myeloma Bone Disease. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:3432. [PMID: 17545554 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ural AU, Avcu F, Baran Y. Rates of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease and risk factors in patients treated with radiation therapy for early-stage breast cancer. Cancer 2007; 110:469-70; author reply 470. [PMID: 17559123 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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