1
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Small-molecule inhibitor of Fam20C in combination with paclitaxel suppresses tumor growth by LIF-JAK2/STAT3-modulated apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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2
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Felcher CM, Bogni ES, Kordon EC. IL-6 Cytokine Family: A Putative Target for Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031809. [PMID: 35163731 PMCID: PMC8836921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-6 cytokine family is a group of signaling molecules with wide expression and function across vertebrates. Each member of the family signals by binding to its specific receptor and at least one molecule of gp130, which is the common transmembrane receptor subunit for the whole group. Signal transduction upon stimulation of the receptor complex results in the activation of multiple downstream cascades, among which, in mammary cells, the JAK-STAT3 pathway plays a central role. In this review, we summarize the role of the IL-6 cytokine family—specifically IL-6 itself, LIF, OSM, and IL-11—as relevant players during breast cancer progression. We have compiled evidence indicating that this group of soluble factors may be used for early and more precise breast cancer diagnosis and to design targeted therapy to treat or even prevent metastasis development, particularly to the bone. Expression profiles and possible therapeutic use of their specific receptors in the different breast cancer subtypes are also described. In addition, participation of these cytokines in pathologies of the breast linked to lactation and involution of the gland, as post-partum breast cancer and mastitis, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. Felcher
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Universidad de Buenos Aires—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) 1428, Argentina; (C.M.F.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Emilia S. Bogni
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Universidad de Buenos Aires—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) 1428, Argentina; (C.M.F.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Edith C. Kordon
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Universidad de Buenos Aires—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) 1428, Argentina; (C.M.F.); (E.S.B.)
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) 1428, Argentina
- Correspondence:
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3
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Vaziri N, Shariati L, Zarrabi A, Farazmand A, Haghjooy Javanmard S. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Regulate the Plasticity of Breast Cancer Stemness through the Production of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121298. [PMID: 34947829 PMCID: PMC8706708 DOI: 10.3390/life11121298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), as a member of the interleukin-6 cytokine family, plays a complex role in solid tumors. However, the effect of LIF as a tumor microenvironment factor on plasticity control in breast cancer remains largely unknown. In this study, an in vitro investigation is conducted to determine the crosstalk between breast cancer cells and fibroblasts. Based on the results, cancer-associated fibroblasts are producers of LIF in the cocultivation system with breast cancer cells. Treatment with the CAF-CM and human LIF protein significantly promoted stemness through the dedifferentiation process and regaining of stem-cell-like properties. In addition, the results indicate that activation of LIFR signaling in breast cancer cells in the existence of CAF-secreted LIF can induce Nanog and Oct4 expression and increase breast cancer stem cell markers CD24-/CD44+. In contrast, suppression of the LIF receptor by human LIF receptor inhibition antibody decreased the cancer stem cell markers. We found that LIF was frequently overexpressed by CAFs and that LIF expression is necessary for dedifferentiation of breast cancer cell phenotype and regaining of cancer stem cell properties. Our results suggest that targeting LIF/LIFR signaling might be a potent therapeutic strategy for breast cancer and the prevention of tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Vaziri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish 7941639982, Iran;
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Cancer Prevention Research, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
- Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey;
| | - Ali Farazmand
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (S.H.J.); Tel.: +98-21-61112476 (A.F.); +98-313-6692836 (S.H.J.)
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (S.H.J.); Tel.: +98-21-61112476 (A.F.); +98-313-6692836 (S.H.J.)
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4
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Lee B, Lee S, Lee Y, Park Y, Shim J. Emerin Represses STAT3 Signaling through Nuclear Membrane-Based Spatial Control. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136669. [PMID: 34206382 PMCID: PMC8269395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerin is the inner nuclear membrane protein involved in maintaining the mechanical integrity of the nuclear membrane. Mutations in EMD encoding emerin cause Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). Evidence is accumulating that emerin regulation of specific gene expression is associated with this disease, but the exact function of emerin has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that emerin downregulates Signal transducer and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, activated exclusively by Janus kinase (JAK). Deletion mutation experiments show that the lamin-binding domain of emerin is essential for the inhibition of STAT3 signaling. Emerin interacts directly and co-localizes with STAT3 in the nuclear membrane. Emerin knockdown induces STAT3 target genes Bcl2 and Survivin to increase cell survival signals and suppress hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death in HeLa cells. Specifically, downregulation of BAF or lamin A/C increases STAT3 signaling, suggesting that correct-localized emerin, by assembling with BAF and lamin A/C, acts as an intrinsic inhibitor against STAT3 signaling. In C2C12 cells, emerin knockdown induces STAT3 target gene, Pax7, and activated abnormal myoblast proliferation associated with muscle wasting in skeletal muscle homeostasis. Our results indicate that emerin downregulates STAT3 signaling by inducing retention of STAT3 and delaying STAT3 signaling in the nuclear membrane. This mechanism provides clues to the etiology of emerin-related muscular dystrophy and may be a new therapeutic target for treatment.
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5
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Zhang C, Liu J, Wang J, Hu W, Feng Z. The emerging role of leukemia inhibitory factor in cancer and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 221:107754. [PMID: 33259884 PMCID: PMC8084904 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multi-functional cytokine of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) superfamily. Initially identified as a factor that inhibits the proliferation of murine myeloid leukemia cells, LIF displays a wide variety of important functions in a cell-, tissue- and context-dependent manner in many physiological and pathological processes, including regulating cell proliferation, pluripotent stem cell self-renewal, tissue/organ development and regeneration, neurogenesis and neural regeneration, maternal reproduction, inflammation, infection, immune response, and metabolism. Emerging evidence has shown that LIF plays an important but complex role in human cancers; while LIF displays a tumor suppressive function in some types of cancers, including leukemia, LIF is overexpressed and exerts an oncogenic function in many more types of cancers. Further, targeting LIF has been actively investigated as a novel strategy for cancer therapy. This review summarizes the recent advances in the studies on LIF in human cancers and its potential application in cancer therapy. A better understanding of the role of LIF in different types of cancers and its underlying mechanisms will help to develop more effective strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
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6
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Zhai W, Ye X, Wang Y, Feng Y, Wang Y, Lin Y, Ding L, Yang L, Wang X, Kuang Y, Fu X, Eugene Chin Y, Jia B, Zhu B, Ren F, Chang Z. CREPT/RPRD1B promotes tumorigenesis through STAT3-driven gene transcription in a p300-dependent manner. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1437-1448. [PMID: 33531691 PMCID: PMC8039031 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been shown to upregulate gene transcription during tumorigenesis. However, how STAT3 initiates transcription remains to be exploited. This study is to reveal the role of CREPT (cell cycle-related and elevated-expression protein in tumours, or RPRD1B) in promoting STAT3 transcriptional activity. METHODS BALB/c nude mice, CREPT overexpression or deletion cells were employed for the assay of tumour formation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing. RESULTS We demonstrate that CREPT, a recently identified oncoprotein, enhances STAT3 transcriptional activity to promote tumorigenesis. CREPT expression is positively correlated with activation of STAT3 signalling in tumours. Deletion of CREPT led to a decrease, but overexpression of CREPT resulted in an increase, in STAT3-initiated tumour cell proliferation, colony formation and tumour growth. Mechanistically, CREPT interacts with phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) and facilitates p-STAT3 to recruit p300 to occupy at the promoters of STAT3-targeted genes. Therefore, CREPT and STAT3 coordinately facilitate p300-mediated acetylation of histone 3 (H3K18ac and H3K27ac), further augmenting RNA polymerase II recruitment. Accordingly, depletion of p300 abolished CREPT-enhanced STAT3 transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS We propose that CREPT is a co-activator of STAT3 for recruiting p300. Our study provides an alternative strategy for the therapy of cancers related to STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiongjun Ye
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yarui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lidan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuning Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanshen Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Fu
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Baoqing Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bingtao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fangli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhijie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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7
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Vaziri N, Shariati L, Javanmard SH. Leukemia inhibitory factor: A main controller of breast cancer. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Gharibi T, Babaloo Z, Hosseini A, Abdollahpour-alitappeh M, Hashemi V, Marofi F, Nejati K, Baradaran B. Targeting STAT3 in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 878:173107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Lu J, Lu Y, Ding Y, Xiao Q, Liu L, Cai Q, Kong Y, Bai Y, Yu T. DNLC: differential network local consistency analysis. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:489. [PMID: 31874600 PMCID: PMC6929334 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological network is highly dynamic. Functional relations between genes can be activated or deactivated depending on the biological conditions. On the genome-scale network, subnetworks that gain or lose local expression consistency may shed light on the regulatory mechanisms related to the changing biological conditions, such as disease status or tissue developmental stages. RESULTS In this study, we develop a new method to select genes and modules on the existing biological network, in which local expression consistency changes significantly between clinical conditions. The method is called DNLC: Differential Network Local Consistency. In simulations, our algorithm detected artificially created local consistency changes effectively. We applied the method on two publicly available datasets, and the method detected novel genes and network modules that were biologically plausible. CONCLUSIONS The new method is effective in finding modules in which the gene expression consistency change between clinical conditions. It is a useful tool that complements traditional differential expression analyses to make discoveries from gene expression data. The R package is available at https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/DNLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Lu
- School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Advanced Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Lu
- School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yusheng Ding
- School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyang Xiao
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Linqing Liu
- School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingpo Cai
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Yunchuan Kong
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA USA
| | - Tianwei Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
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10
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Viswanadhapalli S, Luo Y, Sareddy GR, Santhamma B, Zhou M, Li M, Ma S, Sonavane R, Pratap UP, Altwegg KA, Li X, Chang A, Chávez-Riveros A, Dileep KV, Zhang KYJ, Pan X, Murali R, Bajda M, Raj GV, Brenner AJ, Manthati V, Rao MK, Tekmal RR, Nair HB, Nickisch KJ, Vadlamudi RK. EC359: A First-in-Class Small-Molecule Inhibitor for Targeting Oncogenic LIFR Signaling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1341-1354. [PMID: 31142661 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) and its ligand LIF play a critical role in cancer progression, metastasis, stem cell maintenance, and therapy resistance. Here, we describe a rationally designed first-in-class inhibitor of LIFR, EC359, which directly interacts with LIFR to effectively block LIF/LIFR interactions. EC359 treatment exhibits antiproliferative effects, reduces invasiveness and stemness, and promotes apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. The activity of EC359 is dependent on LIF and LIFR expression, and treatment with EC359 attenuated the activation of LIF/LIFR-driven pathways, including STAT3, mTOR, and AKT. Concomitantly, EC359 was also effective in blocking signaling by other LIFR ligands (CTF1, CNTF, and OSM) that interact at LIF/LIFR interface. EC359 significantly reduced tumor progression in TNBC xenografts and patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and reduced proliferation in patient-derived primary TNBC explants. EC359 exhibits distinct pharmacologic advantages, including oral bioavailability, and in vivo stability. Collectively, these data support EC359 as a novel targeted therapeutic that inhibits LIFR oncogenic signaling.See related commentary by Shi et al., p. 1337.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiliao Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Hunan, China
| | - Mengxing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Shihong Ma
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Uday P Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kristin A Altwegg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | | | - Kalarickal V Dileep
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Xinlei Pan
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Marek Bajda
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Andrew J Brenner
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Hematology & Oncology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Manjeet K Rao
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rajeshwar R Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | | | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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11
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Gulluoglu S, Sahin M, Tuysuz EC, Yaltirik CK, Kuskucu A, Ozkan F, Sahin F, Ture U, Bayrak OF. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Promotes Aggressiveness of Chordoma. Oncol Res 2017; 25:1177-1188. [PMID: 28247842 PMCID: PMC7841199 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14874349473815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare tumors of the spine and skull base that are locally destructive and resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Chordoma patients have a long life expectancy with high mortality from the disease. Cancer stem cells, which are known to exist in chordomas, have extensive proliferative and self-renewal potential and are responsible for maintaining tumor heterogeneity along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has multiple functions in stem cell biology, the immune response, and cancer, and is potentially a key molecule that allows cancer stem cells to self-renew. The purpose of this study was to determine whether LIF increases the aggressive traits of chordoma cells and leads to a poor prognosis in patients. Chordoma cell lines were treated with LIF, and functional tests were done. Twenty skull base chordoma samples were checked for levels of LIF and a correlation with clinicopathological features. The whole transcriptome microarray was used to observe changes in gene expression. We observed increased migration, invasion, tumorosphere formation, colony formation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and chemoresistance accompanied by a dramatic elevation in inflammatory gene networks and pathways in chordomas. The expression of LIF was associated with tumor size and a poorer overall survival. Microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assessments suggest that LIF can facilitate tumor-promoting inflammation. Results indicate that LIF plays a role in maintaining cancer stem cells in chordomas.
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12
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Recouvreux MS, Grasso EN, Echeverria PC, Rocha-Viegas L, Castilla LH, Schere-Levy C, Tocci JM, Kordon EC, Rubinstein N. RUNX1 and FOXP3 interplay regulates expression of breast cancer related genes. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6552-65. [PMID: 26735887 PMCID: PMC4872732 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Runx1 participation in epithelial mammary cells is still under review. Emerging data indicates that Runx1 could be relevant for breast tumor promotion. However, to date no studies have specifically evaluated the functional contribution of Runx1 to control gene expression in mammary epithelial tumor cells. It has been described that Runx1 activity is defined by protein context interaction. Interestingly, Foxp3 is a breast tumor suppressor gene. Here we show that endogenous Runx1 and Foxp3 physically interact in normal mammary cells and this interaction blocks Runx1 transcriptional activity. Furthermore we demonstrate that Runx1 is able to bind to R-spondin 3 (RSPO3) and Gap Junction protein Alpha 1 (GJA1) promoters. This binding upregulates Rspo3 oncogene expression and downregulates GJA1 tumor suppressor gene expression in a Foxp3-dependent manner. Moreover, reduced Runx1 transcriptional activity decreases tumor cell migration properties. Collectively, these data provide evidence of a new mechanism for breast tumor gene expression regulation, in which Runx1 and Foxp3 physically interact to control mammary epithelial cell gene expression fate. Our work suggests for the first time that Runx1 could be involved in breast tumor progression depending on Foxp3 availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sol Recouvreux
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Present Address: Oncology Institute "Angel H Roffo", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Nicolás Grasso
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Present Address: Immunopharmacology Laboratory, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, FCEN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Luciana Rocha-Viegas
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucio Hernán Castilla
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Carolina Schere-Levy
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Johanna Melisa Tocci
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edith Claudia Kordon
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Rubinstein
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Bharadwaj U, Kasembeli MM, Tweardy DJ. STAT3 Inhibitors in Cancer: A Comprehensive Update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42949-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Wu L, Yu H, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Yue X, Yang Q, Hu W. HIF-2α mediates hypoxia-induced LIF expression in human colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:4406-17. [PMID: 25726527 PMCID: PMC4414199 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a multi-functional cytokine, has a complex role in cancer. While LIF induces the differentiation of several myeloid leukemia cells and inhibits their growth, it also promotes tumor progression, metastasis and chemoresistance in many solid tumors. LIF is frequently overexpressed in a variety of human tumors and its overexpression is often associated with poor prognosis of patients. Currently, the mechanism for LIF overexpression in tumor cells is not well-understood. Here, we report that hypoxia, a hallmark of solid tumors, induced LIF mRNA expression in human colorectal cancer cells. Analysis of LIF promoter revealed several hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs) that can specifically interact with and be transactivated by HIF-2α but not HIF-1α. Consistently, ectopic expression of HIF-2α but not HIF-1α transcriptionally induced LIF expression levels in cells. Knockdown of endogenous HIF-2α but not HIF-1α by siRNA largely abolished the induction of LIF by hypoxia in cells. Furthermore, there is a strong association of HIF-2α overexpression with LIF overexpression in human colorectal cancer specimens. In summary, results from this study demonstrate that hypoxia induces LIF expression in human cancer cells mainly through HIF-2α, which could be an important underlying mechanism for LIF overexpression in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cen Zhang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jiabei Wang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Xuetian Yue
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Liu B, Lu Y, Li J, Liu Y, Liu J, Wang W. Leukemia inhibitory factor promotes tumor growth and metastasis in human osteosarcoma via activating STAT3. APMIS 2015; 123:837-46. [PMID: 26271643 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been demonstrated to be an oncogene and participated in multiple procedures during the initiation and progression of many human malignancies. However, the role of LIF in osteosarcoma is still largely unknown. Here, we performed a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the expression and biological functions of LIF in osteosarcoma. Compared to that in the non-cancerous tissues, LIF was significantly overexpressed in a panel of 68 osteosarcoma samples (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the overexpression of LIF was significantly correlated with advanced tumor stage, larger tumor size, and shorter overall survival. In addition, knockdown of LIF notably suppressed the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma via blocking the STAT3 signal pathway; in contrast, treatment with the recombinant LIF protein significantly promoted the growth and invasion of osteosarcoma through enhancing the phosphorylation of STAT3, which can be partially neutralized by the STAT3 inhibitor, HO-3867. In conclusion, we demonstrated that LIF was frequently overexpressed in osteosarcoma, which could promote the growth and invasion through activating the STAT3 pathway. Our findings proposed that LIF might be a potent therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Linqing City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu City, Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinzhi Li
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu City, Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Surgery, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu City, Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu City, Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University and Wuxi 4th People's Hospital, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China
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16
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Taniguchi K, Karin M. IL-6 and related cytokines as the critical lynchpins between inflammation and cancer. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:54-74. [PMID: 24552665 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses play pivotal roles in cancer development, including tumor initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis. Cytokines are now recognized as important mediators linking inflammation and cancer, and are therefore potential therapeutic and preventive targets as well as prognostic factors. The interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines, especially IL-6 and IL-11, is highly up-regulated in many cancers and considered as one of the most important cytokine families during tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review discusses molecular mechanisms linking the IL-6 cytokine family to solid malignancies and their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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17
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Resemann HK, Watson CJ, Lloyd-Lewis B. The Stat3 paradox: a killer and an oncogene. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:603-611. [PMID: 23827176 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Stat proteins regulate many aspects of mammary gland development, including the profound changes that occur during pregnancy, lactation and involution. Stat3 induces transcriptional activation of genes involved in the inflammatory response, and in seemingly contradictory cellular events such as apoptosis, differentiation and stem cell maintenance. While Stat3 signalling during mammary gland involution induces epithelial cell death, aberrant Stat3 activation is widely implicated in breast tumourigenesis. Specific cytokines may initiate either a Stat3-driven proliferative or death response depending on the cell-type and cell-context specific availability of particular combinations of signals and receptors. The paradoxical functions of Stat3 may also be due to the degree and extent of activation in different circumstances, in addition to paracrine signalling between mammary epithelial cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Deciphering the enigmatic nature of Stat3 in the mammary gland may benefit future therapeutic strategies for inducing cell death in breast tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike K Resemann
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Christine J Watson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan Lloyd-Lewis
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom.
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18
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Siveen KS, Sikka S, Surana R, Dai X, Zhang J, Kumar AP, Tan BKH, Sethi G, Bishayee A. Targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway in cancer: role of synthetic and natural inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:136-54. [PMID: 24388873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) comprise a family of cytoplasmic transcription factors that mediate intracellular signaling that is usually generated at cell surface receptors and thereby transmit it to the nucleus. Numerous studies have demonstrated constitutive activation of STAT3 in a wide variety of human tumors, including hematological malignancies (leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma) as well as diverse solid tumors (such as head and neck, breast, lung, gastric, hepatocellular, colorectal and prostate cancers). There is strong evidence to suggest that aberrant STAT3 signaling promotes initiation and progression of human cancers by either inhibiting apoptosis or inducing cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Suppression of STAT3 activation results in the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells, and accordingly its pharmacological modulation by tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotides, decoy nucleotides, dominant negative proteins, RNA interference and chemopreventive agents have been employed to suppress the proliferation of various human cancer cells in culture and tumorigenicity in vivo. However, the identification and development of novel drugs that can target deregulated STAT3 activation effectively remains an important scientific and clinical challenge. This review presents the evidence for critical roles of STAT3 in oncogenesis and discusses the potential for development of novel cancer therapies based on mechanistic understanding of STAT3 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakshi Sikka
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Rohit Surana
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyun Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Benny K H Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, American University of Health Sciences, Signal Hill, CA, USA.
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20
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Mathieu ME, Saucourt C, Mournetas V, Gauthereau X, Thézé N, Praloran V, Thiébaud P, Bœuf H. LIF-dependent signaling: new pieces in the Lego. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:1-15. [PMID: 21537995 PMCID: PMC3285761 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
LIF, a member of the IL6 family of cytokine, displays pleiotropic effects on various cell types and organs. Its critical role in stem cell models (e.g.: murine ES, human mesenchymal cells) and its essential non redundant function during the implantation process of embryos, in eutherian mammals, put this cytokine at the core of many studies aiming to understand its mechanisms of action, which could benefit to medical applications. In addition, its conservation upon evolution raised the challenging question concerning the function of LIF in species in which there is no implantation. We present the recent knowledge about the established and potential functions of LIF in different stem cell models, (embryonic, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, muscle, neural stem cells and iPSC). We will also discuss EVO-DEVO aspects of this multifaceted cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Emmanuelle Mathieu
- Univ. de Bordeaux, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Saucourt
- Univ. de Bordeaux, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Virginie Mournetas
- Univ. de Bordeaux, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Gauthereau
- Univ. de Bordeaux, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nadine Thézé
- Univ. de Bordeaux, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Praloran
- Univ. de Bordeaux, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Thiébaud
- Univ. de Bordeaux, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Bœuf
- Univ. de Bordeaux, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, CIRID, UMR5164, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Li F, Zou Y, Li X. Up-regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 is associated with aggravation of ulcerative colitis. Surgeon 2010; 8:262-6. [PMID: 20709283 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family of proteins are intracellular signal transduction molecules involved in the expression of numerous proinflammatory genes in inflammatory cells. This study was executed to determine the association between the expression pattern of STAT-3 in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and the progression of this disease. METHODS We carried out the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western-blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining to examine the expression of STAT-3 at both mRNA and protein levels in 25 patients with UC and 10 normal controls. The association between STAT-3 expression pattern and the severity of the disease was also analyzed. RESULTS The expression of STAT-3 mRNA and protein in the ulcerated and inflamed colonic mucosa was significantly higher than that in the non-inflamed colonic mucosa (for mRNA: P = 0.001, 0.02 and for protein: P = 0.003, 0.03, respectively), but there was no statistically significant difference in the non-inflamed colonic mucosa of UC patients and normal controls (for mRNA: P = 0.062 and for protein: P = 0.063). Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed that among the inactive, mild approximately moderate, and severe colonic mucosae of UC patients, the positive rates of STAT-3 expression were 60.0%, 66.7%, and 88.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study provides convincing evidence for the first time that the up-regulation of STAT-3 in colonic mucosa may be associated with the progression of human UC and STAT-3 may be a potential therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Li
- Department of digestion in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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Levy CS, Slomiansky V, Gattelli A, Nahmod K, Pelisch F, Blaustein M, Srebrow A, Coso OA, Kordon EC. Tumor necrosis factor alpha induces LIF expression through ERK1/2 activation in mammary epithelial cells. J Cell Biochem 2010; 110:857-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Quaglino A, Salierno M, Pellegrotti J, Rubinstein N, Kordon EC. Mechanical strain induces involution-associated events in mammary epithelial cells. BMC Cell Biol 2009; 10:55. [PMID: 19615079 PMCID: PMC2721828 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-10-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shortly after weaning, a complex multi-step process that leads to massive epithelial apoptosis is triggered by tissue local factors in the mouse mammary gland. Several reports have demonstrated the relevance of mechanical stress to induce adaptive responses in different cell types. Interestingly, these signaling pathways also participate in mammary gland involution. Then, it has been suggested that cell stretching caused by milk accumulation after weaning might be the first stimulus that initiates the complete remodeling of the mammary gland. However, no previous report has demonstrated the impact of mechanical stress on mammary cell physiology. To address this issue, we have designed a new practical device that allowed us to evaluate the effects of radial stretching on mammary epithelial cells in culture. Results We have designed and built a new device to analyze the biological consequences of applying mechanical stress to cells cultured on flexible silicone membranes. Subsequently, a geometrical model that predicted the percentage of radial strain applied to the elastic substrate was developed. By microscopic image analysis, the adjustment of these calculations to the actual strain exerted on the attached cells was verified. The studies described herein were all performed in the HC11 non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cell line, which was originated from a pregnant BALB/c mouse. In these cells, as previously observed in other tissue types, mechanical stress induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and c-Fos mRNA and protein expression. In addition, we found that mammary cell stretching triggered involution associated cellular events as Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) expression induction, STAT3 activation and AKT phosphorylation inhibition. Conclusion Here, we show for the first time, that mechanical strain is able to induce weaning-associated events in cultured mammary epithelial cells. These results were obtained using a new practical and affordable device specifically designed for such a purpose. We believe that our results indicate the relevance of mechanical stress among the early post-lactation events that lead to mammary gland involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Quaglino
- Departamento de Química Biológica e Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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