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Haddadi N, Travis G, Nassif NT, Simpson AM, Marsh DJ. Toward Systems Pathology for PTEN Diagnostics. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a037127. [PMID: 31615872 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Germline alterations of the tumor suppressor PTEN have been extensively characterized in patients with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes, encompassing subsets of Cowden syndrome, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, Proteus and Proteus-like syndromes, as well as autism spectrum disorder. Studies have shown an increase in the risk of developing specific cancer types in the presence of a germline PTEN mutation. Furthermore, outside of the familial setting, somatic variants of PTEN occur in numerous malignancies. Here we introduce and discuss the prospect of moving toward a systems pathology approach for PTEN diagnostics, incorporating clinical and molecular pathology data with the goal of improving the clinical management of patients with a PTEN mutation. Detection of a germline PTEN mutation can inform cancer surveillance and in the case of somatic mutation, have value in predicting disease course. Given that PTEN functions in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, identification of a PTEN mutation may highlight new therapeutic opportunities and/or inform therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Haddadi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Glena Travis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Najah T Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Ann M Simpson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Deborah J Marsh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Northern Clinical School, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Zappulli V, Rasotto R, Caliari D, Mainenti M, Peña L, Goldschmidt MH, Kiupel M. Prognostic evaluation of feline mammary carcinomas: a review of the literature. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:46-60. [PMID: 24741029 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814528221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A large number of studies have investigated feline mammary tumors in an attempt to identify prognostic markers and generate comparative analyses with human breast cancer. Nevertheless, a retrospective base of assessments and the lack of standardization in methodology and study design have caused weakness in study results, making comparison difficult. We examined feline mammary tumor publications and evaluated postulated prognostic parameters according to the recently published "Recommended Guidelines for the Conduct and Evaluation of Prognostic Studies in Veterinary Oncology." Using these criteria, we determined with statistically significant reliability that prognostic parameters for feline mammary tumors are tumor grading and lymph node/lymphovascular invasion. Furthermore, tumor subtype, size, and staging are worthy of further standardized investigation. We present statistical significance for each studied parameter as well as its relevance to disease progression and survival. Our evaluation suggests that marker expression (ie, Ki67, HER2, ER) may provide relevant information applicable for therapeutic predictions; however, consensus efforts and protocol standardization are needed. We identify and discuss major points of concern--such as sample preservation and selection, standardization of immunohistochemical protocols, and evaluation of results--to provide support for subsequent reliable analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Italy
| | | | - D Caliari
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Italy
| | - M Mainenti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Italy
| | - L Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery, and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - M H Goldschmidt
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - M Kiupel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Li KC, Marcovici P, Phelps A, Potter C, Tillack A, Tomich J, Tridandapani S. Digitization of medicine: how radiology can take advantage of the digital revolution. Acad Radiol 2013; 20:1479-94. [PMID: 24200474 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the era of medical cost containment, radiologists must continually maintain their actual and perceived value to patients, payers, and referring providers. Exploitation of current and future digital technologies may be the key to defining and promoting radiology's "brand" and assure our continued relevance in providing predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory medicine. The Association of University of Radiologists Radiology Research Alliance Digitization of Medicine Task Force was formed to explore the opportunities and challenges of the digitization of medicine that are relevant to radiologists, which include the reporting paradigm, computational biology, and imaging informatics. In addition to discussing these opportunities and challenges, we consider how change occurs in medicine, and how change may be effected in medical imaging community. This review article is a summary of the research of the task force and hopefully can be used as a stimulus for further discussions and development of action plans by radiology leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- King C Li
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157.
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Carrasco G, Corvalan AH. Helicobacter pylori-Induced Chronic Gastritis and Assessing Risks for Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2013; 2013:393015. [PMID: 23983680 PMCID: PMC3745848 DOI: 10.1155/2013/393015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic gastritis is an inflammation of the gastric mucosa and has multiple etiologies. Here we discuss the pathological alterations induced by Helicobacter pylori (HP) leading to chronic gastritis and the epigenetic bases underlying these changes. We review the histology of the normal gastric mucosa and overview the role of HP in the multistep cascade of GC. We attempt to define the role of the Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) staging system in assessing the risk of GC. The epigenetic bases of chronic gastritis, mainly DNA methylation, are presented through examples such as (i) the methylation of the promoter region of E-cadherin in HP-induced chronic gastritis and its reversion after HP eradication and (ii) the association of methylation of the promoter region of Reprimo, a p53-mediated cell cycle arrest gene, with aggressive HP strains in high risk areas for GC. In addition, we discuss the finding of RPRM as a circulating cell-free DNA, offering the opportunity for noninvasive risk assessment of GC. Finally, the integration of OLGA and tissue biomarkers, by systems pathology approach, suggests that severe atrophy has a greater risk for GC development if, in addition, overexpressed p73. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01774266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Carrasco
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alejandro H. Corvalan
- Centre for Translational Research in Oncology (CITO) and Department of Hematology and Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, 8330074 Santiago, Chile
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Zappulli V, Caliari D, Rasotto R, Ferro S, Castagnaro M, Goldschmidt M. Proposed Classification of the Feline “Complex” Mammary Tumors as Ductal and Intraductal Papillary Mammary Tumors. Vet Pathol 2013; 50:1070-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985813488894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - D. Caliari
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - R. Rasotto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - S. Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - M. Castagnaro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - M. Goldschmidt
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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