1
|
Tripathi S, Mathaiyan J, Kayal S, Nachiappa Ganesh R. The Role of Circulating MicroRNAs in the Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer in the Indian Population. Cureus 2024; 16:e59553. [PMID: 38832155 PMCID: PMC11144582 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play an important role in cancer cell proliferation, susceptibility of cancer cells to chemotherapy, and patient survival. Identifying miRNAs that can predict response to chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), the most common variant, can help to choose appropriate drug regimens to suit the epigenetic profile of individual patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of the differentially expressed miRNAs identified by next-generation sequencing from a pilot study involving cases and controls, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with LABC during the course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and determine their role in response to chemotherapy. METHODS This study included 30 newly diagnosed LABC patients. Peripheral blood from every participant was collected before the start of chemotherapy, at the end of the third cycle, and at the end of the seventh cycle of NAC. Based on the results of a pilot study in a similar population with suitable controls, four differentially expressed miRNAs namely miR-24-2, miR-192-5p, miR-3609, and miR-664b-3p were considered to be validated in this study. The expression of these four miRNAs was examined by qRT-PCR, and their association with response to chemotherapy was analyzed. RESULT A significant change in the expression of miR-192-5p was found in responders (p = 0.001) over a period of seven cycles and the difference between the expression of miR-24-2 from baseline to the seventh cycle of NAC was higher in responders while compared to the non-responders (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION miR-192-5p and miR-24-2 were identified as predictive biomarkers for response to NAC in south Indian patients with LABC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Jayanthi Mathaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Smita Kayal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Samia S, Sandeep Chary P, Khan O, Kumar Mehra N. Recent trends and advances in novel formulations as an armament in Bcl-2/Bax targeted breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123889. [PMID: 38346605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains a significant health burden worldwide, necessitating the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax, play a crucial role in regulating apoptosis and thus are promising targets for BC therapy. We focus on the recent advancements in novel formulations that specifically target Bcl-2/Bax pathway to combat BC. It provides an overview on biological functions of Bcl-2/Bax in apoptosis regulation, emphasizing their significance in pathogenesis and progression of the disease while covering the numerous therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating the Bcl-2/Bax pathway, including small-molecule inhibitors, peptides, gene-based therapies and other repurposed drugs harboured onto cutting-edge technologies and nanocarrier systems employed to enhance the targeted delivery of Bcl-2/Bax inhibitors tumor cells. These advanced formulations aim to improve therapeutic efficacy, minimize off-target effects, and overcome drug resistance, offering promising prospects in its treatment. In conclusion, it illuminates the diverse and evolving landscape of novel formulations as an essential armament in targeting these proteins while bridging and unravelling the obscurity of Bcl-2/Bax pathway-targeted drug delivery systems which are presently in their nascent stages of exploration for BC therapy which can benefit researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical scientists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh Samia
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Padakanti Sandeep Chary
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Omar Khan
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ali M, Bamezai RNK, Singh RP. Invasive Breast Cancer: miR-24-2 Targets Genes Associated with Survival and Sensitizes MDA-MB-231 Cells to Berberine. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2023; 27:409-420. [PMID: 37669117 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA aberrations including that of miR-24-2 have been reported in various cancers. However, the target genes for miR-24-2 are yet to be identified and validated in invasive breast cancer and the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Using in silico approaches and gene expression analyses, we identified and validated the target genes of miR-24-2 in invasive breast cancer, majority of which were TNBC. We studied the translational potential of these target genes using berberine in a TNBC cell line. Differentially expressed genes targeted by miR-24-2 were identified and analyzed for their survival effects using the The Cancer Genome Atlas-Breast Invasive Carcinoma (-BRCA) samples. Furthermore, we carried out protein-protein interaction, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, gene expression, and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses using common targets of miR-24-2 in invasive breast cancer/TNBC. We identified 11 biomarker candidate genes as crucial targets of miR-24-2. The survival of breast cancer patients was significantly associated with the low expressions of nine genes, including RACGAP1, KIAA1199, TIMM17A, LYRM7, IL1R1, SLC1A3, DTX4, L1CAM, and SAP30-like (SAP30L), and high expressions of two genes, SOD2 and HLA-DQB2. These in silico findings were validated by overexpressing miR-24-2 and assessing the expression pattern of these target genes in the TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells. miR-24-2 overexpression inhibited (by 20%; p < 0.001) cell proliferation and sensitized the anticancer effect of berberine. In all, this study reports on the novel target genes of miR-24-2 in invasive breast cancer/TNBC, and that miR-24-2 sensitizes MDA-MB-231 cells to berberine. These data lend evidence for the translational potentials of miR-24-2 for invasive breast cancer diagnostic and therapeutic innovation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Ali
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rameshwar N K Bamezai
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rana P Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Davuluri KS, Chauhan DS. microRNAs associated with the pathogenesis and their role in regulating various signaling pathways during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1009901. [PMID: 36389170 PMCID: PMC9647626 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1009901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite more than a decade of active study, tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious health concern across the world, and it is still the biggest cause of mortality in the human population. Pathogenic bacteria recognize host-induced responses and adapt to those hostile circumstances. This high level of adaptability necessitates a strong regulation of bacterial metabolic characteristics. Furthermore, the immune reponse of the host virulence factors such as host invasion, colonization, and survival must be properly coordinated by the pathogen. This can only be accomplished by close synchronization of gene expression. Understanding the molecular characteristics of mycobacterial pathogenesis in order to discover therapies that prevent or resolve illness relies on the bacterial capacity to adjust its metabolism and replication in response to various environmental cues as necessary. An extensive literature details the transcriptional alterations of host in response to in vitro environmental stressors, macrophage infection, and human illness. Various studies have recently revealed the finding of several microRNAs (miRNAs) that are believed to play an important role in the regulatory networks responsible for adaptability and virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We highlighted the growing data on the existence and quantity of several forms of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis, considered their possible relevance to disease etiology, and discussed how the miRNA-based signaling pathways regulate bacterial virulence factors.
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo J, Jin K, Tang T, Liu HM, Xie YA. A new biomarker to enhance the radiosensitivity of hepatocellular cancer: miRNAs. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3217-3228. [PMID: 35968820 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This review summarizes findings regarding miRNAs that modulate radiation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluates their potential clinical therapeutic uses. Materials & methods: We searched the relevant English-language medical databases for papers on miRNAs and radiation therapy for tumors to identify miRNAs that are linked with radiosensitivity and radioresistance, focusing on those associated with HCC radiation. Results: There were 88 papers assessed for miRNAs associated with tumor radiation, 56 of which dealt with radiosensitization, 21 with radioresistance and 11 with radiosensitization for HCC. Conclusion: Further work in this area would enable future evaluation of radiation responses and the potential use of miRNAs as therapeutic agents in HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Guo
- Graduate School of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530299, PR China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health & Birth Defects Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530002, PR China
| | - Kai Jin
- Graduate School of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530299, PR China
| | - Ting Tang
- Graduate School of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530299, PR China
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Yu-An Xie
- Graduate School of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530299, PR China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health & Birth Defects Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530002, PR China.,Experimental Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China.,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Women & Children Care Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530002, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deng B, Zhang Z, Zhou H, Zhang X, Niu S, Yan X, Yan J. MicroRNAs in Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity and Addiction. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:875666. [PMID: 35496314 PMCID: PMC9046672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.875666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) abuse remains a significant public health concern globally owing to its strong addictive properties. Prolonged abuse of the drug causes irreversible damage to the central nervous system. To date, no efficient pharmacological interventions are available, primarily due to the unclear mechanisms underlying METH action in the brain. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to play critical roles in various cellular processes. The expression levels of some miRNAs are altered after METH administration, which may influence the transcription of target genes to regulate METH toxicity or addiction. This review summarizes the miRNAs in the context of METH use, discussing their role in the reward effect and neurotoxic sequelae. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in METH would be helpful for the development of new therapeutic strategies in reducing the harm of the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bi Deng
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhirui Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huixuan Zhou
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuliang Niu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xisheng Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital and Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Yan,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mukherjee S, Shelar B, Krishna S. Versatile role of miR-24/24-1*/24-2* expression in cancer and other human diseases. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:20-54. [PMID: 35173828 PMCID: PMC8829624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs (miRs) have been proven to be well-validated therapeutic targets. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that intricate, intrinsic and paradoxical functions of miRs are context-dependent because of their multiple upstream regulators, broad spectrum of downstream molecular targets and distinct expression in various tissues, organs and disease states. Targeted therapy has become an emerging field of research. One key for the development of successful miR-based/targeted therapy is to acquire integrated knowledge of its regulatory network and its association with disease phenotypes to identify critical nodes of the underlying pathogenesis. Herein, we systematically summarized the comprehensive role of miR-24-3p (miR-24), along with its passenger strands miR-24-1-5p* (miR-24-1) and miR-24-2-5p* (miR-24-2), emphasizing their microenvironment, intracellular targets, and associated gene networks and regulatory phenotypes in 18 different cancer types and 13 types of other disorders. MiR-24 targets and regulates numerous genes in various cancer types and enhances the expression of several oncogenes (e.g., cMyc, BCL2 and HIF1), which are challenging in terms of druggability. In contrast, several tumor suppressor proteins (p21 and p53) have been reported to be downregulated by miR-24. MiR-24 also regulates the cell cycle and is associated with numerous cancer hallmarks such as apoptosis, proliferation, metastasis, invasion, angiogenesis, autophagy, drug resistance and other diseases pathogenesis. Overall, miR-24 plays an emerging role in the diagnosis, prognosis and pathobiology of various diseases. MiR-24 is a potential target for targeted therapy in the era of precision medicine, which expands the landscape of targetable macromolecules, including undruggable proteins.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bashir S, Loya A, Tabish S, Mushtaq S, Hassan U, Hussain M. Expression of B-cell Lymphoma 2 in Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF CANCER & ALLIED SPECIALTIES 2021; 7:e369. [PMID: 37197402 PMCID: PMC10166318 DOI: 10.37029/jcas.v7i1.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Immunohistochemical expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) is seen variably in invasive ductal carcinoma. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of BCL-2 expression in different histologic grades of invasive ductal carcinoma. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Pakistan, on subjects with invasive ductal carcinoma of various histologic grades. Immunohistochemistry was done using the BCL-2 antibody in all cases. The frequency of BCL-2-positive cases in different histologic grades was noted. Post-stratification, the Chi-square test was applied. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results All 52 subjects were female (100%) with a mean age of 47.58 ± 1.43 years. BCL-2 expression was observed in 28 (53.85 %) subjects with breast cancer. Out of 33 participants with Grade III, 13 (39.39 %) participants were positive for BCL- 2 expression. Among 18 subjects with Grade II, 14 (77.78 %) subjects were positive for BCL-2 expression. Reduced frequency of BCL-2 expression was observed with increasing histologic grade (i.e., more in low-grade tumours and less in Grade III), but the difference was statistically not significant. Conclusion A differential expression of BCL-2 was observed across different grades of invasive ductal carcinoma. However, the difference was not statistically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sehar Bashir
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Loya
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Tabish
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Mushtaq
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Usman Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mudassir Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang L, Lu Z, Zhao X. Targeting Bcl-2 for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188569. [PMID: 34015412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis deficiency is one of the most important features observed in neoplastic diseases. The Bcl-2 family is composed of a subset of proteins that act as decisive apoptosis regulators. Research and clinical studies have both demonstrated that the hyperactivation of Bcl-2-related anti-apoptotic effects correlates with cancer occurrence, progression and prognosis, also having a role in facilitating the radio- and chemoresistance of various malignancies. Therefore, targeting Bcl-2 inactivation has provided some compelling therapeutic advantages by enhancing apoptotic sensitivity or reversing drug resistance. Therefore, this pharmacological route turned into one of the most promising routes for cancer treatment. This review discusses some of the well-defined and emerging roles of Bcl-2 as well as its potential clinical value in cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China
| | - Zaiming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China.
| | - Xiangxuan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Borchardt H, Ewe A, Morawski M, Weirauch U, Aigner A. miR24-3p activity after delivery into pancreatic carcinoma cell lines exerts profound tumor-inhibitory effects through distinct pathways of apoptosis and autophagy induction. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:174-184. [PMID: 33508384 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is among the most detrimental tumors, with novel treatment options urgently needed. The pathological downregulation of a miRNA in tumors can lead to the overexpression of oncogenes, thus suggesting miRNA replacement as novel strategy in cancer therapy. While the role of miR24 in cancer, including pancreatic carcinoma, has been described as ambiguous, it may hold great promise and deserves further studies. Here, we comprehensively analyze the effects of miR24-3p replacement in a set of pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Transfection of miR24-3p mimics leads to profound cell inhibition in various 2D and 3D cell assays, based on the induction of apoptosis, autophagy and ROS. Comprehensive analyses of miR24-3p effects on the molecular level reveal the transcriptional regulation of several important oncogenes and oncogenic pathways. Based on these findings, miRNA replacement therapy was preclinically explored by treating tumor xenograft-bearing mice with miR24-3p mimics formulated in polymeric nanoparticles. The obtained tumor inhibition was associated with the induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Taken together, we identify miR24-3p as powerful tumor-inhibitory miRNA for replacement therapy, and describe a complex network of oncogenic pathways affected by miR24.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Borchardt
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Morawski
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Weirauch
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu CH, Chen CY, Yeh CT, Lin KH. Radiosensitization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Targeting Radio-Associated MicroRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051859. [PMID: 32182776 PMCID: PMC7084923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. For patients who are resistant to monotherapy, multimodal therapy is a basic oncologic principle that incorporates surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy providing survival benefits for patients with most types of cancer. Although liver has low tolerance for radiation, high-precision RT for local HCC minimizes the likelihood of radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) in noncancerous liver tissue. RT have several therapeutic benefits, including the down-staging of tumors to make them resectable and repression of metastasis. The DNA damage response (DDR) is a cellular response to irradiation (IR), including DNA repair of injured cells and induction of programmed cell death, thereby resulting in maintenance of cell homeostasis. Molecules that block the activity of proteins in DDR pathways have been found to enhance radiotherapeutic effects. These molecules include antibodies, kinase inhibitors, siRNAs and miRNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding regulatory RNAs binding to the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of target genes, regulating their translation and expression of proteins. Thus, miRNAs and their target genes constitute complicated interactive networks, which interact with other molecules during carcinogenesis. Due to their promising roles in carcinogenesis, miRNAs were shown to be the potential factors that mediated radiosensitivity and optimized outcomes of the combination of systemic therapy and radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Heng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +886-3-2118263
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang Y, Song S, Meng Q, Wang L, Li X, Xie S, Chen Y, Jiang X, Wang C, Lu Y, Xin X, Pu H, Gui X, Li T, Xu J, Li J, Jia S, Lu D. miR24-2 accelerates progression of liver cancer cells by activating Pim1 through tri-methylation of Histone H3 on the ninth lysine. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2772-2790. [PMID: 32030886 PMCID: PMC7077597 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several microRNAs are associated with carcinogenesis and tumour progression. Herein, our observations suggest both miR24‐2 and Pim1 are up‐regulated in human liver cancers, and miR24‐2 accelerates growth of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, miR24‐2 increases the expression of N6‐adenosine‐methyltransferase METTL3 and thereafter promotes the expression of miR6079 via RNA methylation modification. Furthermore, miR6079 targets JMJD2A and then increased the tri‐methylation of histone H3 on the ninth lysine (H3K9me3). Therefore, miR24‐2 inhibits JMJD2A by increasing miR6079 and then increases H3K9me3. Strikingly, miR24‐2 increases the expression of Pim1 dependent on H3K9me3 and METTL3. Notably, our findings suggest that miR24‐2 alters several related genes (pHistone H3, SUZ12, SUV39H1, Nanog, MEKK4, pTyr) and accelerates progression of liver cancer cells through Pim1 activation. In particular, Pim1 is required for the oncogenic action of miR24‐2 in liver cancer. This study elucidates a novel mechanism for miR24‐2 in liver cancer and suggests that miR24‐2 may be used as novel therapeutic targets of liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuting Song
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyu Meng
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijie Xie
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoru Xin
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Pu
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gui
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Li
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Jia
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongdong Lu
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang L, Li X, Zhang W, Yang Y, Meng Q, Wang C, Xin X, Jiang X, Song S, Lu Y, Pu H, Gui X, Li T, Xu J, Li J, Jia S, Lu D. miR24-2 Promotes Malignant Progression of Human Liver Cancer Stem Cells by Enhancing Tyrosine Kinase Src Epigenetically. Mol Ther 2020; 28:572-586. [PMID: 31732298 PMCID: PMC7001004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA24-2 (miR24-2) is associated with human tumorigenesis; however, its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Herein, our findings demonstrate that miR24-2 promotes the proliferation ability in vitro and the tumorigenic ability in vivo in human liver cancer stem cells (hLCSCs). Mechanically, the miR24-2 targets for 3' UTR (2,627-2,648) of protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) inhibit the translational ability of prmt7 gene. Moreover, miR24-2 inhibits the di-/tri-methylation of histone H4 arginine 3 by reducing PRMT7 and then promotes the expression of Nanog via long noncoding RNA HULC. Notably, miR24-2 inhibits histone deacetylase HDAC3 through miR675, which promotes the acetylation of histone H4 at lysine 16. Subsequently, miR24-2 enhances the interaction between LC3 and ATG4 dependent on PI3K and triggers cellular autophagy. Strikingly, miR24-2 inhibits the degradation of pyruvate kinase M1 via autophagosome-P62 in hLCSCs. Furthermore, miR24-2 enhances the activity of Src by promoting the binding of PKM1 to the Src promoter regions in hLCSCs. In particular, our results also indicate that src gene determines the oncogenic functions of miR24-2. These results provided a valuable theoretical basis for the discovery of liver cancer therapeutic targets and diagnosis markers based on miR24-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiuyu Meng
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoru Xin
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuting Song
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hu Pu
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xin Gui
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiao Li
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Song Jia
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dongdong Lu
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Piragasam RS, Hussain SF, Chaulk SG, Siddiqi ZA, Fahlman RP. Label-free proteomic analysis reveals large dynamic changes to the cellular proteome upon expression of the miRNA-23a-27a-24-2 microRNA cluster. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:61-69. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In deciphering the regulatory networks of gene expression controlled by the small non-coding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs), a major challenge has been with the identification of the true mRNA targets by these RNAs within the context of the enormous numbers of predicted targets for each of these small RNAs. To facilitate the system-wide identification of miRNA targets, a variety of system wide methods, such as proteomics, have been implemented. Here we describe the utilization of quantitative label-free proteomics and bioinformatics to identify the most significant changes to the proteome upon expression of the miR-23a-27a-24-2 miRNA cluster. In light of recent work leading to the hypothesis that only the most pronounced regulatory events by miRNAs may be physiologically relevant, our data reveal that label-free analysis circumvents the limitations of proteomic labeling techniques that limit the maximum differences that can be quantified. The result of our analysis identifies a series of novel candidate targets that are reduced in abundance by more than an order of magnitude upon the expression of the miR-23a-27a-24-2 cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramanaguru S. Piragasam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - S. Faraz Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Steven G. Chaulk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Zaeem A. Siddiqi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Richard P. Fahlman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yan C, Hu J, Yang Y, Hu H, Zhou D, Ma M, Xu N. Plasma extracellular vesicle‑packaged microRNAs as candidate diagnostic biomarkers for early‑stage breast cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3991-4002. [PMID: 31545424 PMCID: PMC6797958 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle-packaged microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of circulating miRNAs located in the plasma that are packaged into extracellular vesicles. The present study examined the expression profiles of extracellular vesicles and tissue miRNAs with the aim of investigating the miRNA signatures in early-stage breast cancer. The present study identified and compared the extracellular vesicle-packaged miRNA expression signature and tissue miRNA expression signature from healthy individuals (n=10) and patients with early-stage breast cancer (n=12). A total of five miRNAs, including miRNA-375, miRNA-24-2-5p, miRNA-548b-5p, miRNA-655-3P and miRNA-376b-5p, were synchronized in extracellular vesicles and tissues of the breast cancer group when compared with the healthy group. The highest area under the curve (AUC) for a single miRNA was achieved with miRNA-548b-5p [AUC=0.785; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.585–0.984; P=0.022]. The highest overall AUC was achieved by the combination of miRNA-375, miRNA-655-3p, miRNA-548b-5p and miRNA-24-2-5p (AUC=0.808; 95% CI=0.629–0.986; P=0.013). The Kaplan-Meier curves and log test analysis results of these five miRNAs, especially those for miRNA-548b-5p, were partly consistent with the hypothesis. Two miRNAs (miRNA-548b-5p and miRNA-376b-5p) were positively associated with patient survival, while two miRNAs (miRNA-375 and miRNA-24-2-5p) were negatively associated with patient survival. The present study provided a set of plasma extracellular vesicle-packaged miRNA-based biomarkers for the diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Jintao Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Yipeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Dongxian Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Min Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Nan Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Roufayel R, Kadry S. MicroRNAs: Crucial Regulators of Stress. Microrna 2019; 9:93-100. [PMID: 31241025 PMCID: PMC7366010 DOI: 10.2174/2211536608666190625120127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background
Signaling pathways including gene silencing, cellular differentiation, homeostasis, development and apoptosis are regulated and controlled by a wide range of miRNAs. Objective
Due to their potential binding sites in human-protein coding genes, many studies have also linked their altered expressions in various cancer types making them tumor suppressors agents. Methods
Moreover, each miRNA is predicted to have many mRNA targets indicating their extensive regulatory role in cell survival and developmental processes. Nowadays, diagnosis of early cancer stage development is now dependent on variable miRNA expression levels as potential oncogenic biomarkers in validating and targeting microRNAs for cancer therapy. Results
As the majority of miRNA, transcripts are derived from RNA polymerase II-directed transcription, stress response could result on a general reduction in the abundance of these transcripts. Over expression of various microRNAs have lead to B cell malignancy, potentiated KrasG12D-induced lung tumorigenesis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoproliferative disease and autoimmunity. Conclusion
Altered miRNA expressions could have a significant impact on the abundance of proteins, making them attractive candidates as biomarkers for cancer detection and important regulators of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Roufayel
- Department of Science, College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Seifedine Kadry
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Islam N, Ugwoke SP, Alhamdan R, Medrano JH, Campbell BK, Marsters P, Maalouf WE. Steroids and miRNAs in assessment of ovarian tissue damage following cryopreservation. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 62:JME-18-0237.R2. [PMID: 30925460 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cortical tissue cryopreservation is a relatively novel approach to preserving fertility in women diagnosed with cancer. However, the effects of freezing-thawing are not fully understood, mainly due to the lack of suitable methods to assess tissue's survival after thawing. Disparities in steroid production have been associated with ovarian failure by disrupting folliculogenesis, ovulation and oocyte apoptosis. Moreover, specific microRNAs, identified in human ovarian follicles, are thought to play a fundamental role in folliculogenesis. In this study, we investigated the possible interplay between the ovarian steroidal production and microRNA expression patterns in spent culture media, as potential non-invasive markers for ovarian tissue damage after cryopreservation. Cryopreservation of ovarian cortical tissue decreased (P<0.05) both steroid production (oestradiol and progesterone) and expression of microRNA-193b and 320A in spent culture media over 5 days, however, expression of microRNA-24 increased (P<0.05). The number of primordial follicles were also reduced (P<0.05) in fresh-cultured and cryopreserved-cultured cortical tissues when compared with fresh tissues. Downregulation of microRNA-193b and microRNA-320A together with upregulation of microRNA-24 could have a synergistic role in cell apoptosis, and consequently leading to reduced oestradiol and progesterone production. Thus, there appears to be an interplay between these microRNAs, ovarian steroid production and cell damage, which can be further explored as novel non-invasive markers of cell damage following cryopreservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Islam
- N Islam, Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Sunday Paul Ugwoke
- S Ugwoke, Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Rana Alhamdan
- R Alhamdan, Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Juan Harnandez Medrano
- J Medrano, Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Bruce K Campbell
- B Campbell, Child health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Peter Marsters
- P Marsters, Child health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Walid E Maalouf
- W Maalouf, Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li Z, Yu D, Li H, Lv Y, Li S. Long non‑coding RNA UCA1 confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer endocrinotherapy through regulation of the EZH2/p21 axis and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1033-1042. [PMID: 30628639 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is the gold standard for breast cancer endocrinotherapy. However, drug resistance remains a major limiting factor of tamoxifen treatment. Long non‑coding (lnc) RNA serves an important role in drug resistance; however, the molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer endocrinotherapy are largely unclear. lncRNA urothelial cancer associated 1 (lncRNA UCA1, UCA1) has been proven to be dysregulated in human breast cancer and promotes cancer progression. In the present study, it was demonstrated that UCA1 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues compared with healthy tissues. Furthermore, the expression level of UCA1 was significantly greater in tamoxifen‑resistant breast cancer cells (LCC2 and LCC9) when compared with those in the tamoxifen‑sensitive breast cancer cells (MCF‑7 and T47D). UCA1 silencing in LLC2 and LLC9 cells increased tamoxifen drug sensitivity by promoting cell apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. Notably, the induced overexpression of UCA1 in MCF‑7 and T47D cells decreased the drug sensitivity of tamoxifen. The molecular mechanism involved in UCA1‑induced tamoxifen‑resistance was also investigated. It was identified that UCA1 was physically associated with the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), which suppressed the expression of p21 through histone methylation (H3K27me3) on the p21 promoter. In addition, it was demonstrated that UCA1 expression was paralleled to the phosphorylation of CAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and AKT. When LCC2 cells were treated with the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway inhibitor LY294002, the phosphorylation levels of CREB and AKT were significantly downregulated. Taken together, it was concluded that UCA1 regulates the EZH2/p21 axis and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in breast cancer, and may be a potential therapeutic target for solving tamoxifen resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - You Lv
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen W, Fu W, Deng Q, Li Y, Wang K, Bai Y, Wu X, Li G, Wang G, Huang J, He M, Zhang X, Wu T, Wei S, Guo H. Multiple metals exposure and chromosome damage: Exploring the mediation effects of microRNAs and their potentials in lung carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 122:291-300. [PMID: 30455104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the associations of multiple metals with chromosome damage, and further explore the mediation roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their potentials in lung cancer. METHODS We determined the urinary levels of 23 metals, lymphocytic micronucleus (MN) frequency, and ten candidate miRNAs in plasma among 365 healthy workers. Poisson and linear regression models were conducted to analyze the associations of urinary metals with MN frequency and miRNAs, respectively. The mediation effects of miRNAs on the metal-MN frequency associations were assessed by causal mediation analysis. Additionally, the levels of effective metal and miRNAs were measured in 43 pair-wised tumor and normal lung tissues. RESULTS The urinary level of titanium was inversely associated with MN frequency after Bonferroni correction [frequency ratio (FR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.88 (0.82, 0.94), p = 5.0 × 10-4]. A doubling in urinary titanium was associated with 14.72%-38.17% decrease in plasma miRNAs. After multiple comparison, miR-24-3p and miR-28-5p significantly mediated 24.8% (7.7%, 70.0%) and 20.4% (5.7%, 52.0%) of the association between titanium and MN frequency (pmediation = 0.002 and 0.004, respectively). Besides, a doubling in titanium was associated with a separate 53.4% and 47.2% decreased miR-24-3p and miR-28-5p expression in normal lung tissues. Lower titanium but higher levels of miR-24-3p and miR-28-5p were shown in tumor than normal tissues of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study proposed the negative associations of titanium with chromosome damage and lung cancer, and highlighted the mediating roles of miR-24-3p and miR-28-5p. Further investigations are warranted to validate these associations and uncover the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenshan Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qifei Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangkai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yansen Bai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiulong Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guyanan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gege Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rohini M, Gokulnath M, Miranda P, Selvamurugan N. miR-590–3p inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis by targeting activating transcription factor 3 in human breast cancer cells. Biochimie 2018; 154:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
21
|
He HW, Wang NN, Yi XM, Tang CP, Wang D. Low-level serum miR-24-2 is associated with the progression of colorectal cancer. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:261-267. [PMID: 29171985 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer and cancer-related death in the world. Noninvasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of CRC are highly demanded. OBJECTIVE The up-regulation of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in serum has been considered a promising biomarker of CRC and miR-24-2 may be a potential biomarker in the diagnosis the progression of CRC. METHODS Sixty-eighty healthy subjects and 228 CRC patients were divided into six groups: control group, CRC 0, CRC I, CRC II, CRC III, CRC IV and CRC V. Serum level of miR-24-2 was measured by real-time qPCR. Serum lipid profiles and oxidative-related molecules were also measured. RESULTS Serum levels of miR-24-2 in CRC patients were significantly higher than healthy subjects (p< 0.05). In addition, the expression level of the miR-24-2 was decreased with the progression of CRC and reached the lowest level in CRC V. Spearman Rank Correlation analysis showed that miR-24-2 level was negatively related to the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), cholesterol and triglyceride (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum miR-24-2 is a potential negative biomarker in the diagnosis of the progression of CRC patients and associated with biochemical indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H W He
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - N N Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - X M Yi
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - C P Tang
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - D Wang
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Selenium unmasks protective iron armor: A possible defense against cutaneous inflammation and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2518-2527. [PMID: 29852199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A link between selenium deficiency and inflammatory skin diseases have been noted by many, but this link is still not well understood. We have previously studied the efficacy of ceramide analogs, based on the fire ant venom Solenopsin A, against our psoriasis animal model. Treatment of animals with solenopsin analogs resulted in significantly improved skin as well as in a coordinate downregulation of selenoproteins, namely Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4). We thus hypothesize that ferroptosis may be a physiologic process that may protect the skin from both inflammatory and neoplastic processes. METHODS We analyze and compare gene expression profiles in the GEO database from clinical skin samples taken from healthy patients and psoriasis patients (both involved and noninvolved skin lesions). We validated the gene expression results against a second, independent, cohort from the GEO database. RESULTS Significant reduction in gene expression of GPX4, elevated expression of Nrf2 downstream targets, and expression profiles mirroring erastin-inhibition of Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter-System XC activity in psoriatic skin lesions, compared to both noninvolved skin and healthy patient samples, suggest an innately inducible mechanism of ferroptosis. CONCLUSIONS We present data that may indicate selenoproteins, particularly GPX4, in resolving inflammation and skin cancer, including the novel hypothesis that the human organism may downregulate GPX4 and reactive oxygen (REDOX) regulating proteins in the skin as a way of resolving psoriasis and nonmelanoma skin cancer through increased reactive oxygen species. Further studies are needed to investigate ferroptosis as a possible physiologic mechanism for eliminating inflammatory and malignant tissues. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides a fresh framework for understanding the seemingly contradictory effects of selenium supplementation. In addition, it offers a novel explanation of how physiologic upregulation of ferroptosis and downregulation of selenoprotein synthesis may mediate resolution of inflammation and carcinogenesis. This is of therapeutic significance.
Collapse
|
23
|
Arjumand W, Asiaf A, Ahmad ST. Noncoding RNAs in DNA Damage Response: Opportunities for Cancer Therapeutics. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1699:3-21. [PMID: 29086365 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7435-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA repair machinery preserves genomic integrity, which is frequently challenged through endogenous and exogenous toxic insults, and any sort of repair machinery malfunctioning ultimately manifests in the form of several types of terrible human diseases such as cancers (Hoeijmakers, Nature 411(6835): 366-374, 2001). Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial players of DNA repair machinery in a cell and play a vital role in maintaining genomic stability, which is essential for its survival and normal functioning thus preventing tumorigenesis. To preserve the integrity of the genome, cells initiate a specific cellular response, recognized as DNA damage response (DDR), which includes several distinct DNA repair pathways. These repair pathways permit normal cells to repair DNA damage or induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in case the damage is irreparable. Disruption of these pathways in cancer leads to an increase in genomic instability and mutagenesis. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that ncRNAs play a critical role in the regulation of DDR. There is an extensive crosstalk between ncRNAs and the canonical DDR signaling pathway. DDR-induced expression of ncRNAs can provide a regulatory mechanism to accurately control the expression of DNA damage responsive genes in a spatio-temporal manner. DNA damage alters expression of a variety of ncRNAs at multiple levels including transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, and RNA degradation and vice versa, wherein ncRNAs can directly regulate cellular processes involved in DDR by altering expression of their targeting genes, with a particular emphasis on microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Relationship between the defects in the DDR and deregulation of related ncRNAs in human cancers is one of the established, which is growing stronger with the advent of high-throughput sequencing techniques such as next-generation sequencing. Understanding of the mechanisms that explain the association between ncRNAs and DDR/DNA repair pathways will definitely increase our understanding on human tumor biology and on different responses to diverse drugs. Different ncRNAs interact with distinct DDR components and are promising targets for improving the effects to overcome the resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. In this chapter, we will focus the role of ncRNAs in the DNA damage, repair, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wani Arjumand
- Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, 2A32 HRIC, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Asia Asiaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Shiekh Tanveer Ahmad
- Clarke H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, 2A25 HRIC, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qiu P, Xu TJ, Lu XD, Yang W, Zhang YB, Xu GM. MicroRNA-378 regulates cell proliferation and migration by repressing RNF31 in pituitary adenoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:789-794. [PMID: 29399147 PMCID: PMC5772874 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-378 (miR-378) is dysregulated in multiple malignancies and is associated with tumor progression. However, the expression and mechanism of miR-378 in pituitary adenoma (PA) remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the role and mechanism of miR-378 in PA tumorigenesis and development was investigated. It was revealed that the levels of miR-378 expression were markedly downregulated in PA tissues. CCK-8 and wound healing assays revealed that transfection with miR-378 mimics was able to markedly inhibit the proliferation and migration of GH3 cells. Furthermore, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that ring finger protein 31 (RNF31) was upregulated in PA specimens and the levels of RNF31 expression was negatively regulated by miR-378. In addition, knockdown of RNF31 markedly suppressed cell proliferation and migration in GH3 cells. In conclusion, the present study provides a molecular basis for the function of miR-378/RNF31 in the progression of human PA, indicating a potential novel target for the treatment of PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Jiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong 271199, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Dong Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong 271199, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Bao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tung MC, Lin PL, Cheng YW, Wu DW, Yeh SD, Chen CY, Lee H. Reduction of microRNA-184 by E6 oncoprotein confers cisplatin resistance in lung cancer via increasing Bcl-2. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32362-74. [PMID: 27083050 PMCID: PMC5078019 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-184 suppresses cell growth and survival via targeting c-Myc and Bcl- 2. We recently reported that miR-184 promotes tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer via targeting CDC25A and c-Myc. We here hypothesized that miR-184 could be down-regulated by E6 oncoprotein to confer cisplatin resistance in NSCLC. Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16-positive lung cancer TL-1 and cervical cancer SiHa cells compared with HPV16-negative TL-10 and C33A cells were enrolled for E6 manipulation. MiR-184 expression levels were increased by E6-knockdown in TL-1 and SiHa cells, but decreased by E6-overexpression in TL-10 and C33A cells. The MTT assay showed that the inhibition concentration of cisplatin yielding for 50% cell viability was dependent on miR-184 levels. Bcl-2 de-targeted by E6-mediated miR- 184 reduction was responsible for cisplatin resistance. Luciferase reporter assay and real- time PCR analysis indicated that the miR-184 promoter activity and its expression were modulated by E6 and/or p53 manipulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay confirmed that p53 was bound onto the miR-184 promoter and its binding activity was modulated by E6 and/or p53 manipulation. Among patients, high miR184 and high Bcl-2 mRNA expression was more commonly occurred in E6- positive tumors than in E6-negative tumors. Fifty-nine out of 136 patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy were available for the retrospective study. Patients with low-mR-184, E6-positive, high-Bcl-2 tumors, and both combinations were more prevalently occurred unfavorable response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy than their counterparts. In conclusion, a decrease in miR-184 level by E6 oncoprotein may predict unfavorable response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in HPV-infected NSCLC patients via increasing Bcl-2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Che Tung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Tung's Taichung Metro-Harbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - De-Wei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sauh-Der Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
MicroRNA‑24‑2 is associated with cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9157-9164. [PMID: 28990105 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro (mi)RNAs are involved in multiple cellular processes, and alterations in miRNA expression have been demonstrated to lead to tumorigenesis. Previous microarray analysis revealed that miRNA (miR)‑24 was downregulated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Additionally, miR‑24 has been identified as an oncogene and tumor suppressor in various cancers. The present study assessed the expression levels of two stem‑loops of miR‑24, miR‑24‑1 and miR‑24‑2, in RCC tissues and paired healthy tissues by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that miR‑24‑2 was upregulated in RCC tissues and ACHN, 786‑O and 769P cell lines compared with healthy tissues and HEK‑293T cells, respectively, whereas miR‑24‑1 was almost absent in RCC and healthy kidney tissues. To investigate the role of miR‑24‑2 in RCC, a synthesized miR‑24‑2 mimic, negative control (NC), inhibitor or inhibitor NC was transfected into 786‑O and ACHN RCC cells, and cell proliferation, mobility and apoptosis assays were performed. The results of the present study revealed that miR‑24‑2 was associated with cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, thus demonstrating that miR‑24‑2 may serve a role as an oncogene in RCC. Further studies are required to investigate the signaling pathways of miR‑24‑2, and the potential of miR‑24‑2 as a therapeutic target or biomarker for the early detection of RCC.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Human cancers are characterized by a number of hallmarks, including sustained proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, activated invasion and metastasis, replicative immortality, angiogenesis, resistance to cell death, and evasion of immune destruction. As microRNAs (miRNAs) are deregulated in virtually all human cancers, they show involvement in each of the cancer hallmarks as well. In this chapter, we describe the involvement of miRNAs in cancer from a cancer hallmarks and targeted therapeutics point of view. As no miRNA-based cancer therapeutics are available to date, and the only clinical trial on miRNA-based cancer therapeutics (MRX34) was terminated prematurely due to serious adverse events, we are focusing on protein-coding miRNA targets for which targeted therapeutics in oncology are already approved by the FDA. For each of the cancer hallmarks, we selected major protein-coding players and describe the miRNAs that target them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - George A Calin
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Krzanowski J, Madzio J, Pastorczak A, Tracz A, Braun M, Tabarkiewicz J, Pluta A, Młynarski W, Zawlik I. Selected miRNA levels are associated with IKZF1 microdeletions in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3853-3861. [PMID: 28927157 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of children with high-risk relapsed B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is poor. The present study assessed the utility and prognostic value of selected microRNA (miRNA/miR) in BCP-ALL. The changes in the expression levels of these miRNAs regarding known gene lesions affecting lymphoid development [early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1), ETS variant 6 (ETV6), IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1), paired box 5 (PAX5), cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKN) 2A/CDKN2B, retinoblastoma 1 (RB1), pseudoautosomal region 1 (PAR1), B-cell translocation gene 1 protein (BTG1)] were analyzed. The following miRNAs were analyzed: miR-24, miR-31, miR-128, miR-542, and miR-708. The present study focused on patients with deletions of the IKAROS transcriptional factor gene IKZF1, which is currently considered to be an independent negative prognostic factor for ALL outcome. It was demonstrated that the expression level of miR-128 was significantly lower in patients with IKZF1 deletion compared with patients without IKZF1 deletion. Additionally, low expression of miR-542 was associated with CDKN2A/B and miR-31deletions, and low expression of miR-24 was associated with miR-31 deletion. Low expression of miR-31, miR-24, miR-708 and miR-128 was associated with PAX5 deletion, high expression of miR-24 and miR-542 was associated with PAR1 deletion and high expression of miR-708 was associated with ETV6 deletion. The expression of the selected miRNAs was not associated with deletions of BTG1, EBF1 and RB1. These data, by emphasizing the association of miRNAs expression level with microdeletions, may assist to elucidate ALL biology and contribute to future studies on the possible applications of the miRNA profile for diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Krzanowski
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - J Madzio
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Diabetology, Medical University of Łódź, 91-738 Łódź, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Pastorczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Diabetology, Medical University of Łódź, 91-738 Łódź, Poland
| | - A Tracz
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Diabetology, Medical University of Łódź, 91-738 Łódź, Poland
| | - M Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Diabetology, Medical University of Łódź, 91-738 Łódź, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Łódź, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
| | - J Tabarkiewicz
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.,Department of Immunology, Chair of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - A Pluta
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - W Młynarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Diabetology, Medical University of Łódź, 91-738 Łódź, Poland
| | - I Zawlik
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.,Department of Genetics, Chair of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Manvati S, Mangalhara KC, Khan J, Pathania GL, Kaul S, Kaushik M, Arora A, Dhar PK. Deciphering the role of microRNA - A step by step guide. Gene Expr Patterns 2017; 25-26:59-65. [PMID: 28603023 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), are small non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides in length, playing an important role in regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. Understanding the effect of miRNA regulation in a pathway-specific manner unravels the approaches adopted to apprehend biological mechanisms, the information, which is scanty for researchers, not primed already for miR related research. Here, we describe a quick perspective in 5 steps with probable approaches and assays at every level to unravel the specific role of a microRNA, miR-145a-5p, as an example. This perspective as a guide would help in identifying novel targets for a microRNA, as shown for miR-145a-5p, which down-regulated the mRNA expression of ADD3 and BRCA2, using bioinformatic tools and experimental assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Manvati
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, Saraswatipuram, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Kailash Chandra Mangalhara
- National Centre of Applied Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, Saraswatipuram, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Juveria Khan
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, Saraswatipuram, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Geeta Lal Pathania
- National Centre of Applied Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, Saraswatipuram, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Srishti Kaul
- Northeastern University - College of Professional Studies, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Monika Kaushik
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, Saraswatipuram, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ankita Arora
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, Saraswatipuram, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pawan K Dhar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, Saraswatipuram, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yuan Y, Kluiver J, Koerts J, de Jong D, Rutgers B, Abdul Razak FR, Terpstra M, Plaat BE, Nolte IM, Diepstra A, Visser L, Kok K, van den Berg A. miR-24-3p Is Overexpressed in Hodgkin Lymphoma and Protects Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg Cells from Apoptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1343-1355. [PMID: 28432871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs play important roles in biological processes, such as proliferation, metabolism, differentiation, and apoptosis, whereas altered expression levels contribute to diseases, such as cancers. We identified miRNAs with aberrant expression in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and investigated their role in pathogenesis. Small RNA sequencing revealed 84 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs in HL cell lines as compared to germinal center B cells. Three up-regulated miRNAs-miR-23a-3p, miR-24-3p, and miR-27a-3p-were derived from one primary miRNA transcript. Loss-of-function analyses for these miRNAs and their seed family members resulted in decreased growth on miR-24-3p inhibition in three HL cell lines and of miR-27a/b-3p inhibition in one HL cell line. Apoptosis analysis indicated that the effect of miR-24-3p on cell growth is at least in part caused by an increase of apoptotic cells. Argonaute 2 immunoprecipitation revealed 1142 genes consistently targeted by miRNAs in at least three of four HL cell lines. Furthermore, 52 of the 1142 genes were predicted targets of miR-24-3p. Functional annotation analysis revealed a function related to cell growth, cell death, and/or apoptosis for 15 of the 52 genes. Western blotting of the top five genes showed increased protein levels on miR-24-3p inhibition for CDKN1B/P27kip1 and MYC. In summary, we showed that miR-24-3p is up-regulated in HL and its inhibition impairs cell growth possibly via targeting CDKN1B/P27kip1 and MYC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Joost Kluiver
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper Koerts
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Debora de Jong
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bea Rutgers
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - F Reeny Abdul Razak
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Terpstra
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn E Plaat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia Visser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaas Kok
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
miR clusters target cellular functional complexes by defining their degree of regulatory freedom. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 35:289-322. [PMID: 26970968 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Using the two paralog miR-23∼27∼24 clusters as an example and combining experimental and clinical data in a systematical approach to microRNA (miR) function and dysregulation, a complex picture of their roles in cancer is drawn. Various findings appear to be contradictory to a larger extent and cannot be fully explained by the classical regulatory network models and feedback loops that are mainly considered by one-to-one regulatory interactions of the involved molecules. Here, we propose an extended model of the regulatory role of miRs that, at least, supplements the usually considered single/oligo-target regulation of certain miRs. The cellular availability of the participating miR members in this model reflects an upper hierarchy level of intracellular and extracellular environmental influences, such as neighboring cells, soluble factors, hypoxia, chemotherapeutic drugs, and irradiation, among others. The novel model is based on the understanding of cellular functional complexes, such as for apoptosis, migration, and proliferation. These complexes consist of many regulatory components that can be targeted by miR cluster members to a different extent but may affect the functional complex in different ways. We propose that the final miR-related effect is a result of the possible degree of regulatory freedom provided by the miR effects on the whole functional complex structure. This degree of regulatory freedom defines to which extent the cellular functional complex can react in response to regulatory triggers, also understood as sensitization (more regulatory response options) or de-sensitization (less regulatory response options) of the system rather than single molecules.
Collapse
|
32
|
Sharma S, Patnaik PK, Aronov S, Kulshreshtha R. ApoptomiRs of Breast Cancer: Basics to Clinics. Front Genet 2016; 7:175. [PMID: 27746811 PMCID: PMC5041507 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is a highly regulated process, the deregulation of which has been associated with the tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis in various cancers including breast cancer. Induction of apoptosis is a popular target of various therapies currently being tested or used for breast cancer treatment. Thus, identifying apoptotic mediators and regulators is imperative for molecular biologists and clinicians for benefit of patients. The regulation of apoptosis is complex and involves a tight equilibrium between the pro- and anti-apoptotic factors. Recent studies have highlighted the role of miRNAs in the control of apoptosis and their interplay with p53, the master guardian of apoptosis. Here, we summarize and integrate the data on the role of miRNAs in apoptosis in breast cancer and the clinical advantage it may offer for the prognosis or treatment of breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi, India
| | | | - Stella Aronov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University Ariel, Israel
| | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lee SH, Chen TY, Dhar SS, Gu B, Chen K, Kim YZ, Li W, Lee MG. A feedback loop comprising PRMT7 and miR-24-2 interplays with Oct4, Nanog, Klf4 and c-Myc to regulate stemness. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:10603-10618. [PMID: 27625395 PMCID: PMC5159542 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-renewal and pluripotency are two fundamental characteristics of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and are controlled by diverse regulatory factors, including pluripotent factors, epigenetic regulators and microRNAs (miRNAs). Although histone methyltransferases are key epigenetic regulators, whether and how a histone methyltransferase forms a network with miRNAs and the core pluripotent factor system to regulate ESC stemness is little known. Here, we show that the protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) is a pluripotent factor essential for the stemness of mouse ESCs. PRMT7 repressed the miR-24-2 gene encoding miR-24-3p and miR-24-2-5p by upregulating the levels of symmetrically dimethylated H4R3. Notably, miR-24-3p targeted the 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of the major pluripotent factors Oct4, Nanog, Klf4 and c-Myc, whereas miR-24-2-5p silenced Klf4 and c-Myc expression. miR-24-3p and miR-24-2-5p also targeted the 3′UTR of their repressor gene Prmt7. miR-24-3p and miR-24-2-5p induced mouse ESC differentiation, and their anti-sense inhibitors substantially reversed spontaneous differentiation of PRMT7-depleted mouse ESCs. Oct4, Nanog, Klf4 and c-Myc positively regulated Prmt7 expression. These findings define miR-24-3p and miR-24-2-5p as new anti-pluripotent miRNAs and also reveal a novel epigenetic stemness-regulatory mechanism in which a double-negative feedback loop consisting of PRMT7 and miR-24-3p/miR24-2-5p interplays with Oct4, Nanog, Klf4 and c-Myc to control ESC stemness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hun Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tsai-Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shilpa S Dhar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bingnan Gu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Institutefor Academic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX77030, USA.,Centerfor Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, TheMethodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,WeillCornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Young Zoon Kim
- Division of Neurooncology and Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 158, Paryong-ro, Masan Hoiwon-Gu, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do, 630-723, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA .,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Su Z, Yang Z, Xu Y, Chen Y, Yu Q. MicroRNAs in apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8474-90. [PMID: 25893379 PMCID: PMC4496162 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous 22 nt non-coding RNAs that target mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression. Numerous miRNAs regulate programmed cell death including apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis. We summarize how miRNAs regulate apoptotic, autophagic and necroptotic pathways and cancer progression. We also discuss how miRNAs link different types of cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zuozhang Yang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Yongqing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Yongbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cătană CS, Calin GA, Berindan-Neagoe I. Inflamma-miRs in Aging and Breast Cancer: Are They Reliable Players? Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:85. [PMID: 26697428 PMCID: PMC4678211 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aging is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation known as “inflammaging.” Persistent low-level inflammation also plays a key role in all stages of breast cancer since “inflammaging” is the potential link between cancer and aging through NF-kB pathways highly influenced by specific miRs. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at a posttranscriptional level. Inflamma-miRs have been implicated in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Their abnormal expression contributes to the chronic pro-inflammatory status documented in normal aging and major age-related diseases (ARDs), inflammaging being a significant mortality risk factor in both cases. Nevertheless, the correct diagnosis of inflammaging is difficult to make and its hidden contribution to negative health outcomes remains unknown. This methodological work flow was aimed at defining crucial unanswered questions about inflammaging that can be used to clarify aging-related miRNAs in serum and cell lines as well as their targets, thus confirming their role in aging and breast cancer tumorigenesis. Moreover, we aim to highlight the links between the pro-inflammatory mechanism underlying the cancer and aging processes and the precise function of certain miRNAs in cellular senescence (CS). In addition, miRNAs and cancer genes represent the basis for new therapeutic findings indicating that both cancer and ARDs genes are possible candidates involved in CS and vice versa. Our goal is to obtain a focused review that could facilitate future approaches in the investigation of the mechanisms by which miRNAs control the aging process by acting as efficient ARDs inflammatory biomarkers. An understanding of the sources and modulation of inflamma-miRs along with the identification of their specific target genes could enhance their therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sorina Cătană
- Department of Biochemistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas , Houston, TX , USA ; Non-Coding RNA Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas , Houston, TX , USA ; Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Institute of Doctoral Studies, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania ; Department of Experimental Pathology, Ion Chiricuta Institute of Oncology , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Du HY, Cao DN, Chen Y, Wang L, Wu N, Li J. Alterations of prefrontal cortical microRNAs in methamphetamine self-administering rats: From controlled drug intake to escalated drug intake. Neurosci Lett 2015; 611:21-7. [PMID: 26592480 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a process that transits from recreative and regular drug use into compulsive drug use. The two patterns of drug use, controlled drug intake and escalated drug intake, represent different stages in the development of drug addiction; and escalation of drug use is a hallmark of addiction. Accumulating studies indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) play key regulatory roles in drug addiction. However, the molecular adaptations in escalation of drug use, as well as the difference in the adaptations between escalated and controlled drug use, remain unclear. In the present study, 28 altered miRNAs in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were found in the groups of controlled methamphetamine self-administration (1h/session) and escalated self-administration (6h/session), and some of them were validated. Compared with saline control group, miR-186 was verified to be up-regulated while miR-195 and miR-329 were down-regulated in the rats with controlled methamphetamine use. In the rats with escalated drug use, miR-127, miR-186, miR-222 and miR-24 were verified to be up-regulated while miR-329 was down-regulated compared with controls. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis indicated that the predicted targets of these verified miRNAs involved in the processes of neuronal apoptosis and synaptic plasticity. However, the putative regulated molecules may be different between controlled and escalated drug use groups. Taken together, we detected the altered miRNAs in rat PFC under the conditions of controlled methamphetamine use and escalated use respectively, which may extend our understanding of the molecular adaptations underlying the transition from controlled drug use to addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Dan-Ni Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lv Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li YQ, Lu JH, Bao XM, Wang XF, Wu JH, Hong WQ. MiR-24 functions as a tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through targeting FSCN1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:130. [PMID: 26503504 PMCID: PMC4621856 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that the dysregulation of miRNAs expression is involved in the tumorigenesis by acting as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. However, no study investigates the function and mechanisms of miR-24 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods Quantitative RT-PCR, MTT, colony formation, soft-agar, wound healing, Transwell migration and invasion assays, and xenograft tumor growth and lung metastasis models were performed to test the expression levels and functions of miR-24 in NPC. Luciferase reporter assay, quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to identify and verify the target of miR-24. Results The results showed that MiR-24 was obviously downregulated in NPC cell lines and tissue samples (P < 0.05). Ectopic expression of miR-24 inhibited the cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro (all P < 0.05), and suppressed the xenograft tumor growth and lung metastasis formation in vivo (all P < 0.05). Fascin homologue 1 (FSCN1) was verified as a direct target of miR-24, and silencing FSCN1 expression with small interfering RNA inhibited NPC cell proliferation and invasion (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Overall, miR-24 acts as a novel tumor suppressor in the development and progression of NPC through targeting FSCN1, which providing new insight into the mechanisms of NPC carcinogenesis and suggesting the possibility of miR-24 as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qing Li
- Guangzhou First People's hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, PR China.
| | - Jian-Hua Lu
- Guangzhou First People's hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, PR China
| | - Xue-Ming Bao
- Guangzhou First People's hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, PR China
| | - Xi-Fu Wang
- Guangzhou First People's hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, PR China
| | - Jun-Hua Wu
- Guangzhou First People's hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, PR China
| | - Wei-Qiang Hong
- Guangzhou First People's hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cava C, Bertoli G, Castiglioni I. Integrating genetics and epigenetics in breast cancer: biological insights, experimental, computational methods and therapeutic potential. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015; 9:62. [PMID: 26391647 PMCID: PMC4578257 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-015-0211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of human cancer can proceed through the accumulation of different genetic changes affecting the structure and function of the genome. Combined analyses of molecular data at multiple levels, such as DNA copy-number alteration, mRNA and miRNA expression, can clarify biological functions and pathways deregulated in cancer. The integrative methods that are used to investigate these data involve different fields, including biology, bioinformatics, and statistics. RESULTS These methodologies are presented in this review, and their implementation in breast cancer is discussed with a focus on integration strategies. We report current applications, recent studies and interesting results leading to the identification of candidate biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in breast cancer by using both individual and combined analyses. CONCLUSION This review presents a state of art of the role of different technologies in breast cancer based on the integration of genetics and epigenetics, and shares some issues related to the new opportunities and challenges offered by the application of such integrative approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cava
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy.
| | - Gloria Bertoli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy.
| | - Isabella Castiglioni
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
miR-24-2 regulates genes in survival pathway and demonstrates potential in reducing cellular viability in combination with docetaxel. Gene 2015; 567:217-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
40
|
Kropp J, Khatib H. Characterization of microRNA in bovine in vitro culture media associated with embryo quality and development. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:6552-63. [PMID: 26142856 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dairy cattle fertility has declined over time due to factors including reduced fertilization and early embryonic loss. To counter fertility problems and better study preimplantation embryonic development, in vitro production systems have been developed. These systems largely assess embryos based on their morphology, which is not a strong indicator of developmental potential. Currently, no biomarkers can be used to noninvasively survey an embryo's potential in terms of its development and ability to establish a pregnancy. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize and identify microRNA (miRNA) in culture media of embryos of differing developmental competence for future development as noninvasive biomarkers of embryo quality. The MiRNA sequencing of media conditioned by blastocyst and degenerate (those that failed to develop from the morula to blastocyst stage) embryos, revealed 11 differentially expressed miRNA; all were higher in concentration in degenerate conditioned media. Differential expression of mature microRNA (miR)-24, miR-191, and miR-148a was further validated using quantitative real-time PCR. Functional analysis of miR-24 revealed that addition of a mimic miRNA to culture media of morulae embryos resulted in a 27.3% decrease in development to the blastocyst stage. Furthermore, expression of miR-24 was 44.29-fold higher in blastocysts cultured with a miR-24 mimic compared with control blastocysts. Interestingly, the expression of CDKN1b, a target gene of miR-24 was repressed in embryos grown in the presence of the miRNA mimic. Mimic supplementation experiments suggest that miRNA are taken up by the embryo and that extracellular miRNA affect embryonic development. Overall, identification of a rich extracellular milieu in conditioned media sets the framework for future studies to determine the long-term predictive ability of embryo-based miRNA biomarkers on pregnancy outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Kropp
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - Hasan Khatib
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Marta GN, Garicochea B, Carvalho AL, Real JM, Kowalski LP. MicroRNAs, cancer and ionizing radiation: Where are we? Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2015; 61:275-81. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.61.03.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Summary The aim of this study is to describe the biogenesis of microRNA, its relations with carcinogenesis, and the correlation between microRNA and ionizing radiation (IR), focusing on radioresponsiveness. It is known that microRNA biogenesis is well established and involves different enzymatic cleavages, resulting in the production of mature microRNA. MicroRNAs are involved in carcinogenesis. Their interaction is related to the genetic and epigenetic changes associated with activation of proto-oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Several studies have shown that the levels of expression of some microRNAs vary significantly after irradiation. There are evidences that microRNAs can influence cellular response after IR. In addition, microRNAs are related to modulation of the expression of several post-transcriptional targets in DNA damage response pathways, and to the DNA damage repair regulation mechanism. Future studies can clarify a possible clinical use of microRNAs as a new class of radiosensitive agents.
Collapse
|
42
|
Combined effect of microRNA, nutraceuticals and drug on pancreatic cancer cell lines. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 233:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
43
|
Mei L, Hu Q, Peng J, Ruan J, Zou J, Huang Q, Liu S, Wang H. Phospho-histone H2AX is a diagnostic and prognostic marker for epithelial ovarian cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:5597-5602. [PMID: 26191270 PMCID: PMC4503141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone H2AX phosphorylation is a sensitive marker for DSB which contributes to both genomic instability and cancer treatment. Monitoring its formation may be a sensitive means to monitor cancer progression and treatment effect. OBJECTIVE To define the role of phospho-H2AX (pH2AX) expression in development and prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS The expression of pH2AX in 87 EOC samples and 28 samples of normal ovarian tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results were semi-quantitatively scored and analyzed by chi-square test. The overall survival time (OS) and disease free interval (DFI) were collected by follow-up and analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS The expression level of pH2AX protein in EOC were higher than that in normal tissues (P<0.001). Among the sensitive cases, high expression of pH2AX was found in 53.2% cases while for resistant cases, high expression rate was 80% (P=0.025). However, pH2AX expression was not significantly correlated with age, histopathological type, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis or FIGO stages. Kaplan-Meier analysis found that DFI was negatively correlated with the pH2AX expression, where higher expression of pH2AX resulted in shorter DFI while no OS difference was detected in our study. CONCLUSION pH2AX may be used to detect EOC at an early stage and identify women at higher risk for relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Mei
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiaying Ruan
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Juan Zou
- Department of Pathology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Pathology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Shanling Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - He Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mognato M, Celotti L. MicroRNAs Used in Combination with Anti-Cancer Treatments Can Enhance Therapy Efficacy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2015; 15:1052-62. [PMID: 26156420 PMCID: PMC4997954 DOI: 10.2174/1389557515666150709115355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a recently discovered class of small non-coding RNAs, constitute a promising approach to anti-cancer treatments when they are used in combination with other agents. MiRNAs are evolutionarily conserved non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the complementary sequence in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of target genes. MiRNAs typically suppress gene expression by direct association with target transcripts, thus decreasing the expression levels of target proteins. The delivery to cells of synthetic miRNAs that mimic endogenous miRNA targeting genes involved in the DNA-Damage Response (DDR) can perturb the process, making cells more sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This review examines how cells respond to combined therapy and it provides insights into the role of miRNAs in targeting the DDR repair pathway when they are used in combination with chemical compounds or ionizing radiation to enhance cellular sensitivity to treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Mognato
- Department of Biology, School of Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Loveday EK, Diederich S, Pasick J, Jean F. Human microRNA-24 modulates highly pathogenic avian-origin H5N1 influenza A virus infection in A549 cells by targeting secretory pathway furin. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:30-39. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.068585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Kate Loveday
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sandra Diederich
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - John Pasick
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - François Jean
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang C, Peng G. Non-coding RNAs: An emerging player in DNA damage response. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 763:202-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
47
|
Liu YX, Ma Y, Long XD. Progress in research of microRNA-24. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:5106-5113. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i33.5106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are endogenous, small, and noncoding RNAs of 18-24 nucleotides in length that regulate tissue/organ development, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis and play an essential role in the development and progression of tumors. This paper will discuss the biological characteristics of microRNA-24 and its biological role in tumors and non-tumor diseases, with an aim to provide new clues to disease diagnosis and treatment to reduce the mortality of patients.
Collapse
|
48
|
miR-24 limits aortic vascular inflammation and murine abdominal aneurysm development. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5214. [PMID: 25358394 PMCID: PMC4217126 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification and treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remain among the most prominent challenges in vascular medicine. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of cardiovascular pathology and represent intriguing targets to limit AAA expansion. Here we show, by using two established murine models of AAA disease along with human aortic tissue and plasma analysis, that miR-24 is a key regulator of vascular inflammation and AAA pathology. In vivo and in vitro studies reveal chitinase 3-like 1 (Chi3l1) to be a major target and effector under the control of miR-24, regulating cytokine synthesis in macrophages as well as their survival, promoting aortic smooth muscle cell migration and cytokine production, and stimulating adhesion molecule expression in vascular endothelial cells. We further show that modulation of miR-24 alters AAA progression in animal models, and that miR-24 and CHI3L1 represent novel plasma biomarkers of AAA disease progression in humans. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially fatal and often asymptomatic disease whose causes remain unclear. Here the authors show that a microRNA, miR-24, and its target, the glycoprotein chitinase 3-like 1, represent key regulators of AAA development.
Collapse
|
49
|
Katoh M. Cardio-miRNAs and onco-miRNAs: circulating miRNA-based diagnostics for non-cancerous and cancerous diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:61. [PMID: 25364765 PMCID: PMC4207049 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and cancers are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that primarily repress target mRNAs. Here, miR-24, miR-125b, miR-195, and miR-214 were selected as representative cardio-miRs that are upregulated in human heart failure. To bridge the gap between miRNA studies in cardiology and oncology, the targets and functions of these miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases and cancers will be reviewed. ACVR1B, BCL2, BIM, eNOS, FGFR3, JPH2, MEN1, MYC, p16, and ST7L are miR-24 targets that have been experimentally validated in human cells. ARID3B, BAK1, BCL2, BMPR1B, ERBB2, FGFR2, IL6R, MUC1, SITR7, Smoothened, STAT3, TET2, and TP53 are representative miR-125b targets. ACVR2A, BCL2, CCND1, E2F3, GLUT3, MYB, RAF1, VEGF, WEE1, and WNT7A are representative miR-195 targets. BCL2L2, ß-catenin, BIM, CADM1, EZH2, FGFR1, NRAS, PTEN, TP53, and TWIST1 are representative miR-214 targets. miR-125b is a good cardio-miR that protects cardiomyocytes; miR-195 is a bad cardio-miR that elicits cardiomyopathy and heart failure; miR-24 and miR-214 are bi-functional cardio-miRs. By contrast, miR-24, miR-125b, miR-195, and miR-214 function as oncogenic or tumor suppressor miRNAs in a cancer (sub)type-dependent manner. Circulating miR-24 is elevated in diabetes, breast cancer and lung cancer. Circulating miR-195 is elevated in acute myocardial infarction, breast cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal adenoma. Circulating miR-125b and miR-214 are elevated in some cancers. Cardio-miRs and onco-miRs bear some similarities in functions and circulation profiles. miRNAs regulate WNT, FGF, Hedgehog and other signaling cascades that are involved in orchestration of embryogenesis and homeostasis as well as pathogenesis of human diseases. Because circulating miRNA profiles are modulated by genetic and environmental factors and are dysregulated by genetic and epigenetic alterations in somatic cells, circulating miRNA association studies (CMASs) within several thousands of cases each for common non-cancerous diseases and major cancers are necessary for miRNA-based diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gerić M, Gajski G, Garaj-Vrhovac V. γ-H2AX as a biomarker for DNA double-strand breaks in ecotoxicology. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 105:13-21. [PMID: 24780228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The visualisation of DNA damage response proteins enables the indirect measurement of DNA damage. Soon after the occurrence of a DNA double-strand break (DSB), the formation of γ-H2AX histone variants is to be expected. This review is focused on the potential use of the γ-H2AX foci assay in assessing the genotoxicity of environmental contaminants including cytostatic pharmaceuticals, since standard methods may not be sensitive enough to detect the damaging effect of low environmental concentrations of such drugs. These compounds are constantly released into the environment, potentially representing a threat to water quality, aquatic organisms, and, ultimately, human health. Our review of the literature revealed that this method could be used in the biomonitoring and risk assessment of aquatic systems affected by wastewater from the production, usage, and disposal of cytostatic pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|