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Theerthagiri J, Salla S, Senthil RA, Nithyadharseni P, Madankumar A, Arunachalam P, Maiyalagan T, Kim HS. A review on ZnO nanostructured materials: energy, environmental and biological applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:392001. [PMID: 31158832 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an adaptable material that has distinctive properties, such as high-sensitivity, large specific area, non-toxicity, good compatibility and a high isoelectric point, which favours it to be considered with a few exceptions. It is the most desirable group of nanostructure as far as both structure and properties. The unique and tuneable properties of nanostructured ZnO shows excellent stability in chemically as well as thermally stable n-type semiconducting material with wide applications such as in luminescent material, supercapacitors, battery, solar cells, photocatalysis, biosensors, biomedical and biological applications in the form of bulk crystal, thin film and pellets. The nanosized materials exhibit higher dissolution rates as well as higher solubility when compared to the bulk materials. This review significantly focused on the current improvement in ZnO-based nanomaterials/composites/doped materials for the application in the field of energy storage and conversion devices and biological applications. Special deliberation has been paid on supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries, dye-sensitized solar cells, photocatalysis, biosensors, biomedical and biological applications. Finally, the benefits of ZnO-based materials for the utilizations in the field of energy and biological sciences are moreover consistently analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Theerthagiri
- Centre of Excellence for Energy Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai 600119, India
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MacDougall DM, Langley JM, Li L, Ye L, MacKinnon-Cameron D, Top KA, McNeil SA, Halperin BA, Swain A, Bettinger JA, Dubé E, De Serres G, Halperin SA. Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of university students, faculty, and staff during a meningococcal serogroup B outbreak vaccination program. Vaccine 2017; 35:2520-2530. [PMID: 28347501 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During an outbreak of invasive meningococcal B disease on a university campus, we explored the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of members of the university community in relation to the disease, the vaccine, and the vaccination program. DESIGN All students, faculty and staff were invited by email to participate in a 71-item online survey, which was administered after completion of the mass clinics for the first and second doses of a meningococcal B vaccination program. RESULTS A total of 404 individuals responded to the survey; 75.7% were students. Knowledge about meningococcal disease and vaccine was generally high; more than 70% correct responses were received on each knowledge question except for one question about the different meningococcal serogroups. Gender (female) and higher knowledge scores were significantly associated with either being immunized or intending to be immunized (p<0.05). Positive attitudes about immunization, concern about meningococccal infection, a sense of community responsibility, and trust in public health advice also correlated with being vaccinated or intending to be vaccinated (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS A successful mass vaccination program in a Nova Scotia university was associated with high levels of knowledge, positive attitudes toward vaccination, and positive attitudes toward public health recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M MacDougall
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Nova Scotia, Canada; School of Nursing, St. Francis Xavier University, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - J M Langley
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - L Li
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - L Ye
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - D MacKinnon-Cameron
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - K A Top
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - S A McNeil
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - B A Halperin
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada; School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - A Swain
- Acadia University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - J A Bettinger
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - E Dubé
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - G De Serres
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - S A Halperin
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Rifampin use in acute community-acquired meningitis in intensive care units: the French retrospective cohort ACAM-ICU study. Crit Care 2015; 19:303. [PMID: 26306393 PMCID: PMC4549935 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-1021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bacterial meningitis among critically ill adult patients remains associated with both high mortality and frequent, persistent disability. Vancomycin was added to treatment with a third-generation cephalosporin as recommended by French national guidelines. Because animal model studies had suggested interest in the use of rifampin for treatment of bacterial meningitis, and after the introduction of early corticosteroid therapy (in 2002), there was a trend toward increasing rifampin use for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The aim of this article is to report on this practice. Methods Five ICUs participated in the study. Baseline characteristics and treatment data were retrospectively collected from charts of patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis during a 5-year period (2004–2008). The ICU mortality was the main outcome measure; Glasgow Outcome Scale and 3-month mortality were also assessed. Results One hundred fifty-seven patients were included. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis were the most prevalent causative microorganisms. The ICU mortality rate was 15 %. High doses of a cephalosporin were the most prevalent initial antimicrobial treatment. The delay between admission and administration of the first antibiotic dose was correlated with ICU mortality. Rifampin was used with a cephalosporin for 32 patients (ranging from 8 % of the cohort for 2004 to 30 % in 2008). Administration of rifampin within the first 24 h of hospitalization could be associated with a lower ICU survival. Statistical association between such an early rifampin treatment and ICU mortality reached significance only for patients with pneumococcal meningitis (p=0.031) in univariate analysis, but not in the logistic model. Conclusions We report on the role of rifampin use for patients with community-acquired meningitis, and the results of this study suggest that this practice may be associated with lower mortality in the ICU. Nevertheless, the only independent predictors of ICU mortality were organ failure and pneumococcal infection. Further studies are required to confirm these results and to explain how rifampin use would reduce mortality. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-015-1021-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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