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Liang A, Wu Z, Zhuo T, Zhu Y, Li Z, Chen S, Dai L, Wang Y, Tan X, Chen M. TONSL promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression, immune escape and drug sensitivity. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03627-w. [PMID: 39097545 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03627-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The tonsoku-like DNA repair protein (TONSL) encoded by the TONSL gene, located on chromosome 8q24.3, is crucial for repairing DNA double-strand breaks through homologous recombination. However, TONSL overexpression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) promotes tumor development, leading to a poor prognosis. METHODS TONSL was verified as a reliable prognostic marker for LUAD using bioinformatics, and clinical features related to LUAD prognosis were screened from the TCGA database to establish the relationship between risk factors and TONSL expression. In addition, TONSL expression in normal and LUAD tissues was verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. To elucidate the possible functions of TONSL, TONSL-related differentially expressed genes were screened, and functional enrichment analysis was performed. Subsequently, siRNA was used to knock down TONSL expression in lung cancer cells for cytobehavioral experiments. The effects of TONSL expression on tumor immune escape were analyzed using the ESTIMATE algorithm and tumor immune-infiltration analysis. In addition, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of LUAD with varying TONSL expression levels in response to first-line chemotherapeutic drugs and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors was analyzed for drug sensitivity. RESULTS Up-regulation of TONSL in LUAD promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells, thereby contributing to a poor prognosis. Furthermore, TONSL overexpression promotes immune escape and drug sensitivity in LUAD. CONCLUSION TONSL serves as a reliable prognostic marker for LUAD, and its up-regulation is associated with increased immune escape and drug sensitivity. These findings suggest that TONSL holds potential as a novel therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anru Liang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zuotao Wu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting Zhuo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Sirong Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 71 Hedi Rd, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongyong Wang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang Tan
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Mingwu Chen
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Boix-Palop L, Arranz MJ, Sangil A, Dietl B, Xercavins M, Pérez J, Calbo E. Host genetic variants associated with susceptibility and severity of pneumococcal pneumonia in adult patients. Pneumonia (Nathan) 2023; 15:18. [PMID: 38143267 PMCID: PMC10749500 DOI: 10.1186/s41479-023-00120-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (P-CAP) is a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization. Several host genetics factors influencing risk of pneumococcal disease have been identified, with less information about its association with P-CAP. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within key genes involved in the innate immune response on the susceptibility to P-CAP and to study whether these polymorphic variants were associated with the severity and outcome of the episodes in a cohort of adult Caucasian patients. METHODS Seventeen SNPs from 7 genes (IL-R1, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12B, NFKBIA, NFKBIE, NFKBIZ) were analyzed. For susceptibility, a case-control study including a cohort of 57 adult with P-CAP, and 280 ethnically matched controls was performed. Genetic influence on clinical severity and outcome was evaluated in a prospective observational study including all consecutive adult P-CAP patients from November 2015 to May 2017. RESULTS The NFKBIA polymorphism rs696 and a haplotype combination were associated with susceptibility to P-CAP (OR = 0.62, p = 0.005 and OR = 0.63, p = 0.008, respectively). The SNP IL4 rs2227284 was associated with severe P-CAP (OR = 2.17, p = 0.04). IL-R1 (rs3917267) and IL-10 (rs3024509) variants were related with respiratory failure (OR = 3.31, p = 0.001 and OR = 0.18, p = 0.003, respectively) as well as several haplotype combinations in NFKBIA, NFKBIZ, IL-R1 and IL-10 (p = 0,02, p = 0,01, p = 0,001, p = 0,03, respectively). CURB-65 values were associated with the IL-10 rs3024509 variant (beta = - 0.4, p = 0.04), and with haplotype combinations of NFKBIZ and IL-10 (p = 0.05, p = 0.04, respectively). Genetic variants in IL-10 (rs3024509) and in IL-12B (rs730691) were associated with PSI values (beta = - 0.54, p = 0.01, and beta = - 0.28, p = 0.04, respectively), as were allelic combinations in IL-R1 (p = 0.02) and IL-10 (p = 0.01). Finally, several polymorphisms in the IL-R1 gene (rs13020778, rs2160227, & rs3917267) were associated with the time elapsed until clinical stability (beta = - 0.83, p = 0.03; beta = - 1, p = 0.02 and beta = 1.07, p = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A genetic variant in NFKBIA was associated with susceptibility to P-CAP in adult Caucasian patients and genetic variants from key cytokines of the innate immune response (Il-4, IL-10, IL-R1 and IL-12B) and NF-κB inhibitors were associated with different phenotypes of severe P-CAP. If validated, these SNPs may help to identify people at risk of P-CAP or severe P-CAP on which preventive measures could be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Boix-Palop
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María J Arranz
- Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sangil
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Dietl
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josefa Pérez
- Microbiology Department, CatLab, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Calbo
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
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Gęgotek A, Atalay S, Skrzydlewska E. UV induced changes in proteome of rats plasma are reversed by dermally applied cannabidiol. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20666. [PMID: 34667212 PMCID: PMC8526570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UV radiation is known to induce a multiple changes in the metabolism of skin-building cells, what can affect the functioning not only neighboring cells, but also, following signal transduction releasing into the blood vessels, the entire body. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the proteomic disturbances occurred in plasma of chronically UVA/UVB irradiated rats and define the effect on these changes of skin topically applied cannabidiol (CBD). Obtained results showed significant changes in the expression of numerous anti-inflammatory and signaling proteins including: NFκB inhibitor, 14-3-3 protein, protein kinase C, keratin, and protein S100 after UV irradiation and CBD treatment. Moreover, the effects of UVA and UVB were manifested by increased level of lipid peroxidation products-protein adducts formation. CBD partially prevented all of these changes, but in a various degree depending on the UV radiation type. Moreover, topical treatment with CBD resulted in the penetration of CBD into the blood and, as a consequence, in direct modifications to the plasma protein structure by creating CBD adducts with molecules, such as proline-rich protein 30, transcription factor 19, or N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase, what significantly changed the activity of these proteins. In conclusion, it may be suggested that CBD applied topically may be an effective compound against systemic UV-induced oxidative stress, but its effectiveness requires careful analysis of CBD's effects on other tissues of the living organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sinemyiz Atalay
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
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Kloek AT, Brouwer MC, van de Beek D. Host genetic variability and pneumococcal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:130. [PMID: 31519222 PMCID: PMC6743160 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, and empyema due to Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We provide a systemic overview of genetic variants associated with susceptibility, phenotype and outcome of community acquired pneumococcal pneumonia (CAP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Methods We searched PubMed for studies on the influence of host genetics on susceptibility, phenotype, and outcome of CAP and IPD between Jan 1, 1983 and Jul 4, 2018. We listed methodological characteristics and when genetic data was available we calculated effect sizes. We used fixed or random effect models to calculate pooled effect sizes in the meta-analysis. Results We identified 1219 studies of which 60 studies involving 15,358 patients were included. Twenty-five studies (42%) focused on susceptibility, 8 (13%) on outcome, 1 (2%) on disease phenotype, and 26 (43%) on multiple categories. We identified five studies with a hypothesis free approach of which one resulted in one genome wide significant association in a gene coding for lincRNA with pneumococcal disease susceptibility. We performed 17 meta-analyses of which two susceptibility polymorphisms had a significant overall effect size: variant alleles of MBL2 (odds ratio [OR] 1·67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1·04–2·69) and a variant in CD14 (OR 1·77, 95% CI 1·18–2·66) and none of the outcome polymorphisms. Conclusions Studies have identified several host genetics factors influencing risk of pneumococcal disease, but many result in non-reproducible findings due to methodological limitations. Uniform case definitions and pooling of data is necessary to obtain more robust findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-019-0572-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne T Kloek
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Yu B, Ding Y, Liao X, Wang C, Wang B, Chen X. Overexpression of TONSL might be an independent unfavorable prognostic indicator in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:939-945. [PMID: 30723051 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TONSL has been suggested to function as an oncogene in lung, esophageal and cervical cancer. This study was aimed to identify the expression of TONSL and its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS By data mining in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases, the expression profile of TONSL, its clinical significance, the potential mechanisms of its dysregulation and its underlying biological function in HCC were investigated. RESULTS TONSL was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues relative to normal liver tissues (P < 0.05). High TONSL expression was significantly correlated with advanced TNM stage, poorly differentiated tumors, vascular invasion, elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein expression and a worse prognosis (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis further confirmed that TONSL overexpression was an independent risk factor for poor overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in HCC (all P < 0.05). Additionally, 16% of HCC cases (n = 370) had TONSL DNA amplification. The total methylation level of TONSL was moderately and negatively correlated with its mRNA expression (P < 0.05). TONSL was predictively targeted by miR-133b, which was downregulated in HCC and negatively related to TONSL mRNA expression (all P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated that low miR-133b expression was significantly associated with poor OS and RFS (all P < 0.05). Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis revealed that cases with TONSL overexpression were enriched in cell cycle regulation pathways (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS TONSL holds promise for serving as a prognostic biomarker for HCC. DNA amplification, hypomethylation and miR-133b downregulation could be the mechanisms associated with TONSL upregulation in HCC. TONSL might function as an oncogene via cell cycle regulation pathways in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Youming Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaofeng Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Changhua Wang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
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Genes and their single nucleotide polymorphism involved in innate immune response in central nervous system in bacterial meningitis: review of literature data. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:655-661. [PMID: 29754263 PMCID: PMC6028835 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are many studies analysing the effect of SNPs in genes coding proteins which are involved in innate immune response on susceptibility to invasive bacterial disease. Many of them gave inconclusive results. Regarding the complexity of immune response and cooperation between particular elements, number of SNPs may have a cumulative effect on the susceptibility to bacterial meningitis. Findings In most studies cooccurrence of several SNPs was not analysed. These studies were performed on small groups of patients and usually only few SNPs were checked simultaneously. Additionally, comparison of the results across the studies is hard to conduct. We hypothesise that the number of variants of genes involved in innate immune response plays a role in susceptibility to bacterial meningitis. However, the role of toll-like receptors and other part of innate immune response in the eradication of bacteria, and initiation of the inflammatory response in CNS need further studies. Conclusion Large multicentre studies assessing multiple SNPs in patients with microbiologically proven pneumococcal or meningococcal meningitis are needed to find real genetic risk factors for developing bacterial meningitis. This is necessary to design more effective treatment and prevention strategies for severe infections.
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Exome Array Analysis of Susceptibility to Pneumococcal Meningitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29351. [PMID: 27389768 PMCID: PMC4937363 DOI: 10.1038/srep29351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Host genetic variability may contribute to susceptibility of bacterial meningitis, but which genes contribute to the susceptibility to this complex disease remains undefined. We performed a genetic association study in 469 community-acquired pneumococcal meningitis cases and 2072 population-based controls from the Utrecht Health Project in order to find genetic variants associated with pneumococcal meningitis susceptibility. A HumanExome BeadChip was used to genotype 102,097 SNPs in the collected DNA samples. Associations were tested with the Fisher exact test. None of the genetic variants tested reached Bonferroni corrected significance (p-value <5 × 10(-7)). Our strongest signals associated with susceptibility to pneumococcal meningitis were rs139064549 on chromosome 1 in the COL11A1 gene (p = 1.51 × 10(-6); G allele OR 3.21 [95% CI 2.05-5.02]) and rs9309464 in the EXOC6B gene on chromosome 2 (p = 6.01 × 10(-5); G allele OR 0.66 [95% CI 0.54-0.81]). The sequence kernel association test (SKAT) tests for associations between multiple variants in a gene region and pneumococcal meningitis susceptibility yielded one significant associated gene namely COL11A1 (p = 1.03 × 10(-7)). Replication studies are needed to validate these results. If replicated, the functionality of these genetic variations should be further studied to identify by which means they influence the pathophysiology of pneumococcal meningitis.
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Genetic Variation in NFKBIE Is Associated With Increased Risk of Pneumococcal Meningitis in Children. EBioMedicine 2015; 3:93-99. [PMID: 26870821 PMCID: PMC4739413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis are frequent pathogens in life-threatening infections. Genetic variation in the immune system may predispose to these infections. Nuclear factor-κB is a key component of the TLR-pathway, controlled by inhibitors, encoded by the genes NFKBIA, NFKBIE and NFKBIZ. We aimed to replicate previous findings of genetic variation associated with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), and to assess whether similar associations could be found in invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). Methods Cases with IPD and IMD and controls were identified by linking Danish national registries. DNA was obtained from the Danish Neonatal Screening Biobank. The association between SNPs and susceptibility to IPD and IMD, mortality and pneumococcal serotypes was investigated. Results 372 children with pneumococcal meningitis, 907 with pneumococcal bacteremia and 1273 controls were included. We included 406 cases with meningococcal meningitis, 272 with meningococcal bacteremia, and 672 controls. The NFKBIE SNP was associated with increased risk of pneumococcal meningitis (aOR 1.68; 95% CI: 1.20–2.36), but not bacteremia (aOR 1.08; 95% CI: 0.86–1.35). The remaining SNPs were not associated with susceptibility to invasive disease. None of the SNPs were associated with risk of IMD or mortality. Conclusions A NFKBIE polymorphism was associated with increased risk of pneumococcal meningitis. A polymorphism in the NFKBIE gene was associated with an increased risk of pneumococcal meningitis in children. This single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was not associated with bacteremia. None of the studied SNPs were associated with risk or severity of invasive meningococcal disease.
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Key Words
- CI, confidence intervals
- CRS, Danish Civil Registration System
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- DNPR, Danish National Patient Registry
- DNSB, Danish Neonatal Screening Biobank
- HWE, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
- IMD, invasive meningococcal disease
- IPD, Invasive pneumococcal disease
- IQR, interquartile range
- Invasive Meningococcal Disease
- Invasive Pneumococcal Disease
- LD, linkage disequilibrium
- NF, nuclear factor-κB
- Nuclear Factor-κB
- OR, odds ratio
- Pneumoccoccal Serotypes
- RSV, respiratory syncytial virus
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- SSI, Statens Serum Institut
- WGA, whole-genome-amplification
- aOR, adjusted odds ratio
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Affiliation(s)
- A Silawy
- From the Division of Internal Medicine, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel,
| | - G Lavie
- From the Division of Internal Medicine, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - S Perek
- From the Division of Internal Medicine, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - D Zisman
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - G Weber
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, Infectious Diseases Unit, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel, and
| | - M Preis
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, Institute of Hematology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - S Cohen
- From the Division of Internal Medicine, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe invasive pneumococcal disease (SIPD) has high morbidity and mortality, conditioned by pneumococcus and host factors, such as Toll-like receptors and their Toll-IL1R common signaling pathway. The objectives of this study are (1) to correlate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in some Toll-IL1R signaling pathway proteins (IRAK1, IRAK4, IRAKM and MyD88) with SIPD by comparing patients versus healthy controls. (2) To determine whether these SNPs influence SIPD outcome. METHODS Case-control prospective observational study: 60 pediatric patients with IPD and systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and 120 healthy volunteers. Well-known immunodeficiencies were excluded. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES SNPs genotypes and alleles. Other variables: demographic, previous infections, and clinical, analytical and microbiological evolution data. RESULTS We have detected significant disequilibrium of SNPs frequencies between SIPD patients and controls in rs1059701-CC (IRAK1; P = 0.0067), rs4251513-CC (IRAK4; P < 0.0001), rs1461567-T (IRAK4; P = 0.0158) and rs6853-AA (MyD88; P < 0.0001). SIPD patients showed significant association between: leukocytosis > 15,000/mmc and rs1059702-nonTT (IRAK1; P = 0.0460), pleuropneumonia and rs1624395-G (IRAKM; P = 0.0147), and rs1370128-C (IRAKM; P = 0.0055), sequelae, and rs4251513-nonGG (IRAK4; P = 0.0055), death and rs6853-nonAA (P = 0.0054) and rs6853-G (P = 0.0065; MyD88). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show an association between SNPs in IRAK1, IRAK4 and MyD88, and the presence of SIPD. Our data showed that some SNPs may lead to a higher risk of developing SIPD while other are related with the outcome in SIPD patients. Following PIRO score (predisposition, insult, response, organ dysfunction), identifying SNPs predisposing to infectious diseases, such as SIPD might help stratify patients with severe infectious diseases and design specific treatments.
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Ellis MK, Elliott KS, Rautanen A, Crook DW, Hill AVS, Chapman SJ. Rare variants in MYD88, IRAK4 and IKBKG and susceptibility to invasive pneumococcal disease: a population-based case-control study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123532. [PMID: 25886387 PMCID: PMC4401548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rare variants within the Toll-like receptor signalling pathway genes have been found to underlie human primary immunodeficiencies associated with selective predisposition to invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), the contribution of variants in these genes to IPD susceptibility at the population level remains unknown. Complete re-sequencing of IRAK4, MYD88 and IKBKG genes was undertaken in 164 IPD cases from the UK and 164 geographically-matched population-based controls. 233 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) were identified, of which ten were in coding regions. Four rare coding variants were predicted to be deleterious, two variants in MYD88 and two in IRAK4. The predicted deleterious variants in MYD88 were observed as two heterozygote cases but not seen in controls. Frequencies of predicted deleterious IRAK4 SNVs were the same in cases and controls. Our findings suggest that rare, functional variants in MYD88, IRAK4 or IKBKG do not significantly contribute to IPD susceptibility in adults at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda K. Ellis
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney Australia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Anna Rautanen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Derrick W. Crook
- Department of Microbiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian V. S. Hill
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Chapman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Churchill Hospital Site, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Jonczyk MS, Simon M, Kumar S, Fernandes VE, Sylvius N, Mallon AM, Denny P, Andrew PW. Genetic factors regulating lung vasculature and immune cell functions associate with resistance to pneumococcal infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89831. [PMID: 24594938 PMCID: PMC3940657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen responsible for high mortality and morbidity worldwide. The susceptibility to pneumococcal infections is controlled by as yet unknown genetic factors. To elucidate these factors could help to develop new medical treatments and tools to identify those most at risk. In recent years genome wide association studies (GWAS) in mice and humans have proved successful in identification of causal genes involved in many complex diseases for example diabetes, systemic lupus or cholesterol metabolism. In this study a GWAS approach was used to map genetic loci associated with susceptibility to pneumococcal infection in 26 inbred mouse strains. As a result four candidate QTLs were identified on chromosomes 7, 13, 18 and 19. Interestingly, the QTL on chromosome 7 was located within S. pneumoniae resistance QTL (Spir1) identified previously in a linkage study of BALB/cOlaHsd and CBA/CaOlaHsd F2 intercrosses. We showed that only a limited number of genes encoded within the QTLs carried phenotype-associated polymorphisms (22 genes out of several hundred located within the QTLs). These candidate genes are known to regulate TGFβ signalling, smooth muscle and immune cells functions. Interestingly, our pulmonary histopathology and gene expression data demonstrated, lung vasculature plays an important role in resistance to pneumococcal infection. Therefore we concluded that the cumulative effect of these candidate genes on vasculature and immune cells functions as contributory factors in the observed differences in susceptibility to pneumococcal infection. We also propose that TGFβ-mediated regulation of fibroblast differentiation plays an important role in development of invasive pneumococcal disease. Gene expression data submitted to the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus Accession No: GSE49533 SNP data submitted to NCBI dbSNP Short Genetic Variation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/SNP/snp_viewTable.cgi?handle=MUSPNEUMONIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda S. Jonczyk
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Simon
- MRC Harwell, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Saumya Kumar
- MRC Harwell, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vitor E. Fernandes
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Sylvius
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Denny
- MRC Harwell, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Andrew
- Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Karlsson EK, Harris JB, Tabrizi S, Rahman A, Shlyakhter I, Patterson N, O'Dushlaine C, Schaffner SF, Gupta S, Chowdhury F, Sheikh A, Shin OS, Ellis C, Becker CE, Stuart LM, Calderwood SB, Ryan ET, Qadri F, Sabeti PC, Larocque RC. Natural selection in a bangladeshi population from the cholera-endemic ganges river delta. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:192ra86. [PMID: 23825302 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As an ancient disease with high fatality, cholera has likely exerted strong selective pressure on affected human populations. We performed a genome-wide study of natural selection in a population from the Ganges River Delta, the historic geographic epicenter of cholera. We identified 305 candidate selected regions using the composite of multiple signals (CMS) method. The regions were enriched for potassium channel genes involved in cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated chloride secretion and for components of the innate immune system involved in nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling. We demonstrate that a number of these strongly selected genes are associated with cholera susceptibility in two separate cohorts. We further identify repeated examples of selection and association in an NF-κB/inflammasome-dependent pathway that is activated in vitro by Vibrio cholerae. Our findings shed light on the genetic basis of cholera resistance in a population from the Ganges River Delta and present a promising approach for identifying genetic factors influencing susceptibility to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor K Karlsson
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Chapman SJ. Infectious disease: bad luck or bad genes? Clin Med (Lond) 2012. [DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.12-6-s12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hill AVS. Evolution, revolution and heresy in the genetics of infectious disease susceptibility. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 367:840-9. [PMID: 22312051 PMCID: PMC3267114 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious pathogens have long been recognized as potentially powerful agents impacting on the evolution of human genetic diversity. Analysis of large-scale case–control studies provides one of the most direct means of identifying human genetic variants that currently impact on susceptibility to particular infectious diseases. For over 50 years candidate gene studies have been used to identify loci for many major causes of human infectious mortality, including malaria, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, bacterial pneumonia and hepatitis. But with the advent of genome-wide approaches, many new loci have been identified in diverse populations. Genome-wide linkage studies identified a few loci, but genome-wide association studies are proving more successful, and both exome and whole-genome sequencing now offer a revolutionary increase in power. Opinions differ on the extent to which the genetic component to common disease susceptibility is encoded by multiple high frequency or rare variants, and the heretical view that most infectious diseases might even be monogenic has been advocated recently. Review of findings to date suggests that the genetic architecture of infectious disease susceptibility may be importantly different from that of non-infectious diseases, and it is suggested that natural selection may be the driving force underlying this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian V S Hill
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Factors affecting the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome in pneumococcal infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2011; 24:241-7. [DOI: 10.1097/qco.0b013e3283463e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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