MiR-5195-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer via targeting CCNL1

n6-methyladenosine-modified circular RNA family with sequence similarity 126, member A affects cholesterol synthesis and malignant progression of prostate cancer cells by targeting microRNA-505-3p to mediate calnexin

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men. In tumor biology, n6-methyladenosine (m6A) can mediate the production of circular RNAs (circRNAs). This study focused on the mechanism of m6A-modified circRNA family with sequence similarity 126, member A (FAM126A) in PCa. Cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay, transwell assay, and xenograft mouse models were applied to study the role of circFAM126A in PCa cell growth and tumor metastasis, and cellular triglyceride and cholesterol levels were measured to assess cholesterol synthesis. RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter gene assay, and western blot were adopted to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Data showed that circFAM126A was upregulated in PCa and promoted PCa progression in vitro. m6A modification of circFAM126A enhanced transcriptional stability. CircFAM126A targeted microRNA (miR)-505-3p to mediate calnexin (CANX). Up-regulating miR-505-3p or inhibiting CANX suppressed cholesterol synthesis and malignant progression in PCa cells. Overexpressing CANX suppressed the inhibitory effect of circFAM126A silencing or miR-505-3p upregulation on PCa cells. Our current findings provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PCa.

Identification of Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers and Classification Patterns for Osteoarthritis by Analyzing a Specific Set of Genes Related to Inflammation

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disease globally. TNFA is recognized as a crucial inflammatory cytokine that plays a significant role in the pathophysiological mechanisms that occur during the progression of OA. However, the TNFA_SIGNALING_VIA_NFKB (TSVN)-related genes (TRGs) during the progression of OA remain unclear. By conducting a combinatory analysis of OA transcriptome data from three datasets, various differentially expressed TRGs were identified. The logistic regression model was used to mine hub TRGs for OA, and a nomogram prediction model was subsequently constructed using these TRGs. To identify new molecular subgroups, we performed consensus clustering. We then conducted functional analyses, including GO, KEGG, GSVA, and GSEA, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. To determine the immune microenvironment, we applied xCell. The logistic regression analysis identified three hub TRGs (BHLHE40, BTG2, and CCNL1) as potential biomarkers for OA. Based on these TRGs, we constructed an OA predictive model. This model has demonstrated promising results in enhancing the accuracy of OA diagnosis, as evident from the ROC analysis (AUC merged dataset = 0.937, AUC validating dataset = 0.924). We identified two molecular subtypes, C1 and C2, and found that the C1 subtype showed activation of immune- and inflammation-related pathways. The involvement of TSVN in the development and progression of OA has been established. We identified several hub genes, such as BHLHE40, BTG2, and CCNL1, that may have a significant association with the progression of OA. Furthermore, our logistic regression model based on these genes has shown promising results in accurately diagnosing OA patients.

MiR-5195-3p targets the PCBP2/PI3K/AKT pathway to inhibit melanoma cell proliferation and migration

Although miR-5195-3p has been acknowledged for its tumor suppressor role in diverse cancer categories, its precise functions and mechanisms concerning melanoma have not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, we employed quantitative reverse transcription PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry staining to investigate the expression patterns of miR-5195-3p and poly (rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) in melanoma tissues compared to adjacent tissues. Our findings revealed downregulation of miR-5195-3p and upregulation of PCBP2 in melanoma tissues. Through the implementation of a luciferase reporter assay, we successfully identified PCBP2 as a newly discovered target of miR-5195-3p in melanoma cells. Enforced expression of miR-5195-3p via mimics inhibited cell proliferation and migration in A375 and A2058 cells, as demonstrated by CCK-8 and transwell migration assays. In melanoma cells, reintroduction of PCBP2 partially reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-5195-3p overexpression. Treatment with LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, also reversed the effects of PCBP2 in melanoma cells. Furthermore, our results suggest that miR-5195-3p inhibits the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in melanoma by inhibiting PCBP2. In conclusion, our research has identified the miR-5195-3p targeting of the PCBP2-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.

Biological and therapeutic viewpoints towards role of miR-218 in human cancers: Revisiting molecular interactions and future clinical translations

Understanding the exact pathogenesis of cancer is difficult due to heterogenous nature of tumor cells and multiple factors that cause its initiation and development. Treatment of cancer is mainly based on surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and their combination, while gene therapy has been emerged as a new kind of therapy for cancer. Post-transcriptional regulation of genes has been of interest in recent years and among various types of epigenetic factors that can modulate gene expression, short non-coding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) have obtained much attention. The stability of mRNA decreases by miRNAs to repress gene expression. miRNAs can regulate tumor malignancy and biological behavior of cancer cells and understanding their function in tumorigenesis can pave the way towards developing new therapeutics in future. One of the new emerging miRNAs in cancer therapy is miR-218 that increasing evidence highlights its anti-cancer activity, while a few studies demonstrate its oncogenic function. The miR-218 transfection is promising in reducing progression of tumor cells. miR-218 shows interactions with molecular mechanisms including apoptosis, autophagy, glycolysis and EMT, and the interaction is different. miR-218 induces apoptosis, while it suppresses glycolysis, cytoprotective autophagy and EMT. Low expression of miR-218 can result in development of chemoresistance and radio-resistance in tumor cells and direct targeting of miR-218 as a key player is promising in cancer therapy. LncRNAs and circRNAs are nonprotein coding transcripts that can regulate miR-218 expression in human cancers. Moreover, low expression level of miR-218 can be observed in human cancers such as brain, gastrointestinal and urological cancers that mediate poor prognosis and low survival rate.

MicroRNA-5195-3p mediated malignant biological behaviour of insulin-resistant liver cancer cells via SOX9 and TPM4

BACKGROUND

Primary liver cancer is a malignant tumour of the digestive system, ranking second in cancer mortality in China. In different types of cancer, such as liver cancer, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be dysregulated. However, little is known about the role of miR-5195-3p in insulin-resistant liver cancer.

METHODS AND RESULTS

In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to identify the altered biological behaviour of insulin-resistant hepatoma cells (HepG2/IR), and we proved that HepG2/IR cells had stronger malignant biological behaviour. Functional experiments showed that enhanced expression of miR-5195-3p could inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemoresistance of HepG2/IR cells, while impaired expression of miR-5195-3p in HepG2 cells resulted in the opposite effects. Bioinformatics prediction and dual luciferase reporter gene assays proved that SOX9 and TPM4 were the target genes of miR-5195-3p in hepatoma cells.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, our study demonstrated that miR-5195-3p plays a critical role in insulin-resistant hepatoma cells and might be a potential therapeutic target for liver cancer.