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Jiang Q, Li R, Wang F, Shi X, Chen F, Huang Y, Wang B, Zhang W, Wu X, Wei F, Zhang R. Ultrasensitive Airflow Sensors Based on Suspended Carbon Nanotube Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107062. [PMID: 35245967 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-performance airflow sensors are in great demand in numerous fields but still face many challenges, such as slow response speed, low sensitivity, large detection threshold, and narrow sensing range. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit many advantages in fabricating airflow sensors due to their nanoscale diameters, excellent mechanical and electrical properties, and so on. However, the intrinsic extraordinary properties of CNTs are not fully exhibited in previously reported CNT-based airflow sensors due to the mixed structures of macroscale CNT assemblies. Herein, this article presents suspended CNT networks (SCNTNs) as high-performance airflow sensors, which are self-assembled by ultralong CNTs and short CNTs in a one-step floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition process. The SCNTN-based airflow sensors achieved a record-breaking short response time of 0.021 s, a high sensitivity of 0.0124 s m-1 , a small detection threshold of 0.11 m s-1 , and a wide detection range of ≈0.11-5.51 m s-1 , superior to most of the state-of-the-art airflow sensors. To reveal the sensing mechanism, an acoustic response testing system and a mathematical model are developed. It is found that the airflow-caused intertube stress change resulted in the resistance variation of SCNTNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Run Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fengxiang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Baoshun Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenshuo Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xueke Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rufan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Xia L, Wang Q, Meng J, Ma Z, Zhao P. Thermal and electro‐induced shape‐memory
Eucommia ulmoides
gum composites filled with carbon nanotubes. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Jiafeng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Zhenguo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
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Bocharov GS, Eletskii AV. Percolation Conduction of Carbon Nanocomposites. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207634. [PMID: 33076446 PMCID: PMC7589846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanocomposites present a new class of nanomaterials in which conducting carbon nanoparticles are a small additive to a non-conducting matrix. A typical example of such composites is a polymer matrix doped with carbon nanotubes (CNT). Due to a high aspect ratio of CNTs, inserting rather low quantity of nanotubes (on the level of 0.01%) results in the percolation transition, which causes the enhancement in the conductivity of the material by 10-12 orders of magnitude. Another type of nanocarbon composite is a film produced as a result of reduction of graphene oxide (GO). Such a film is consisted of GO fragments whose conductivity is determined by the degree of reduction. A distinctive peculiarity of both types of nanocomposites relates to the dependence of the conductivity of those materials on the applied voltage. Such a behavior is caused by a non-ideal contact between neighboring carbon nanoparticles incorporated into the composite. The resistance of such a contact depends sharply on the electrical field strength and therefore on the distance between neighboring nanoparticles. Experiments demonstrating non-linear, non-Ohmic behavior of both above-mentioned types of carbon nanocomposites are considered in the present article. There has been a model description presented of such a behavior based on the quasi-classical approach to the problem of electron tunneling through the barrier formed by the electric field. The calculation results correspond qualitatively to the available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorii S. Bocharov
- Institute of Thermal and Nuclear Power Engineering, National Research University MPEI, 111250 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexander V. Eletskii
- Institute of Thermal and Nuclear Power Engineering, National Research University MPEI, 111250 Moscow, Russia;
- Joint Institute of High Temperatures RAS, 125412 Moscow, Russia
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Hochma E, Narkis M. Dielectric behavior of thin films of unsaturated polyester‐resin/carbon nanotube semiconductor composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Hochma
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentTechnion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Moshe Narkis
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentTechnion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
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Moseenkov SI, Zavorin AV, Ishchenko AV, Serkova AN, Selyutin AG, Kuznetsov VL. Using Current-Voltage Characteristics to Control the Structure of Contacts in Polyethylene Based Composites Modified by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476620040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Qiu F, He G, Hao M, Zhang G. Enhancing the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)-Based Conductive Nanocomposites by Zinc Oxide Nanorods. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11112139. [PMID: 30380755 PMCID: PMC6265969 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A simple approach to decorate multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)–reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybrid nanoparticles with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods is developed to improve the electrical and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/MWCNT–RGO composites. The ZnO nanorods act as “joint” in three-dimensional (3D) MWCNT–RGO networks and the hybrid particles strongly interact with PVC chains via p-π stacking, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions, which we confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman analysis. By introducing the ZnO nanorods, the RGO–ZnO–MWCNT hybrid particles increased 160% in capacitance compared with MWCNT–RGO hybrids. Moreover, the addition of RGO–ZnO–MWCNT to PVC resulted in the mechanical properties of PVC being enhanced by 30.8% for tensile strength and 60.9% for Young’s modulus at the loadings of 2.0 weight percent (wt.%) and 1.0 wt.%, respectively. Meanwhile, the electrical conductivity of PVC increased by 11 orders of magnitude, from 1 × 10−15 S/m to 1 × 10−4 S/m for MWCNT–ZnO–RGO loading at 5.0 wt.%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Guangjian He
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Mingyang Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Transparent Low Electrostatic Charge Films Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Polypropylene. Homopolymer Cast Films. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10010055. [PMID: 30966091 PMCID: PMC6415039 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in external layers (A-layers) of ABA-trilayer polypropylene films was investigated, with the purpose of determining intrinsic and extrinsic factors that could lead to antistatic behavior of transparent films. The incorporation of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 wt % of MWCTNs in the A-layers was done by dilution through the masterbatch method. Masterbatches were fabricated using isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with different melt flow indexes 2.5, 34, and 1200 g/10 min, and using different ultrasound assist methods. It was found that films containing MWCNTs show surface electrical resistivity of 1012 and 1016 Ω/sq, regardless of the iPP melt flow index (MFI) and masterbatch fabrication method. However, electrostatic charge was found to depend upon the iPP MFI, the ultrasound assist method and MWCNT concentration. A percolation electron transport mechanism was determined most likely responsible for this behavior. Optical properties for films containing MWCNTs do not show significant differences compared to the reference film at MWCNT concentrations below 0.1 wt %. However, an enhancement in brightness was observed, and it was attributed to ordered iPP molecules wrapping the MWCNTs. Bright transparent films with low electrostatic charge were obtained even for MWCNTs concentrations as low as 0.01 wt %.
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Ma X, Zare Y, Rhee KY. A Two-Step Methodology to Study the Influence of Aggregation/Agglomeration of Nanoparticles on Young's Modulus of Polymer Nanocomposites. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:621. [PMID: 29247323 PMCID: PMC5732127 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A two-step technique based on micromechanical models is suggested to determine the influence of aggregated/agglomerated nanoparticles on Young's modulus of polymer nanocomposites. The nanocomposite is assumed to include nanoparticle aggregation/agglomeration and effective matrix phases. This method is examined for different samples, and the effects of important parameters on the modulus are investigated. Moreover, the highest and the lowest levels of predicted modulus are calculated based on the current methodology. The suggested technique can correctly predict Young's modulus for the samples assuming the aggregation/agglomeration of nanoparticles. Additionally, the aggregation/agglomeration of nanoparticles decreases Young's modulus of polymer nanocomposites. It is demonstrated that the high modulus of nanoparticles is not sufficient to obtain a high modulus in nanocomposites, and the surface chemistry of components should be adjusted to prevent aggregation/agglomeration and to disperse nano-sized particles in the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Ma
- Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101 China
| | - Yasser Zare
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 Republic of Korea
- Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Zhou J, Yu H, Xu X, Han F, Lubineau G. Ultrasensitive, Stretchable Strain Sensors Based on Fragmented Carbon Nanotube Papers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:4835-4842. [PMID: 28094915 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of strain sensors featuring both ultra high sensitivity and high stretchability is still a challenge. We demonstrate that strain sensors based on fragmented single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) paper embedded in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) can sustain their sensitivity even at very high strain levels (with a gauge factor of over 107 at 50% strain). This record sensitivity is ascribed to the low initial electrical resistance (5-28 Ω) of the SWCNT paper and the wide change in resistance (up to 106 Ω) governed by the percolated network of SWCNT in the cracked region. The sensor response remains nearly unchanged after 10 000 strain cycles at 20% proving the robustness of this technology. This fragmentation based sensing system brings opportunities to engineer highly sensitive stretchable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, COHMAS Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hu Yu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, COHMAS Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University , School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Systems and Vibration, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xuezhu Xu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, COHMAS Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fei Han
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, COHMAS Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gilles Lubineau
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, COHMAS Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Zhou J, Xu X, Yu H, Lubineau G. Deformable and wearable carbon nanotube microwire-based sensors for ultrasensitive monitoring of strain, pressure and torsion. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:604-612. [PMID: 27942689 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08096k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Human joints have the ability to recover their mechanical functions after moderate dislocation. This remarkable capability inspired us to develop a "bone-skin-like" mechanosensor that can detect multiple mechanical deformations after recovery from electrical disconnection. To create this sensor, we embedded a low-strength, wet-spun single-walled carbon nanotube wire in polydimethylsiloxane. When various mechanical stimuli are applied, the wire gets fragmented and its resistance increases dramatically (from 360 Ω to practically infinity) in a reversible, recoverable manner even after the electrical failure/disconnection. The sensor is sensitive enough (a gauge factor of 105 at 15% uniaxial strain, a pressure sensitivity of 105 MPa-1 at 0.9 MPa pressure and a torsion sensitivity of 860 at a twisting angle of 60°) to be used for accurate sensing of a variety of deformation modes, suggesting a wide range of applications in wearable and deformable mechanical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, COHMAS Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xuezhu Xu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, COHMAS Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hu Yu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, COHMAS Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia. and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Systems and Vibration, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Gilles Lubineau
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, COHMAS Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Lee D, Lee H, Jeong Y, Ahn Y, Nam G, Lee Y. Highly Sensitive, Transparent, and Durable Pressure Sensors Based on Sea-Urchin Shaped Metal Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9364-9369. [PMID: 27578433 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive, transparent, and durable pressure sensors are fabricated using sea-urchin-shaped metal nanoparticles and insulating polyurethane elastomer. The pressure sensors exhibit outstanding sensitivity (2.46 kPa-1 ), superior optical transmittance (84.8% at 550 nm), fast response/relaxation time (30 ms), and excellent operational durability. In addition, the pressure sensors successfully detect minute movements of human muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwa Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjin Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjun Jeong
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Ahn
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonik Nam
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngu Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
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