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Nazari H, Cho AN, Goss D, Thiery JP, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. Impact of brain organoid-derived sEVs on metastatic adaptation and invasion of breast carcinoma cells through a microphysiological system. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3434-3455. [PMID: 38888211 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00296b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Brain metastases are common in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), suggesting a complex process of cancer spread. The mechanisms enabling TNBC cell adaptation and proliferation in the brain remain unclear. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a crucial role in communication between breast carcinoma cells and the brain. However, the lack of relevant models hinders understanding of sEV-mediated communication. The present study assesses the impact of brain organoid-derived sEVs (BO-sEVs) on various behaviours of the MDA-MB-231 cell line, chosen as a representative of TNBC in a 3D microfluidic model. Our results demonstrate that 150-200 nm sEVs expressing CD63, CD9, and CD81 from brain organoid media decrease MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, enhance their wound-healing capacity, alter their morphology into more mesenchymal mode, and increase their stemness. BO-sEVs led to heightened PD-L1, CD49f, and vimentin levels of expression in MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting an amplified immunosuppressive, stem-like, and mesenchymal phenotype. Furthermore, these sEVs also induced the expression of neural markers such as GFAP in carcinoma cells. The cytokine antibody profiling array also showed that BO-sEVs enhanced the secretion of MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 by MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, sEVs significantly enhance the migration and invasion of carcinoma cells toward brain organoids in a 3D organoid-on-a-chip system. Our findings emphasize the potential significance of metastatic site-derived sEVs as pivotal mediators in carcinoma progression and adaptation to the brain microenvironment, thereby unveiling novel therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjatollah Nazari
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ann-Na Cho
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dale Goss
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- UMR 7057 CNRS Matter and Complex Systems, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Shin D, Kim Y, Park J, Kim Y. High-throughput Proteomics-Guided Biomarker Discovery of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomed J 2024:100752. [PMID: 38901798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer stands as the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) comprises approximately 85%-90% of all primary liver malignancies. However, only 20-30% of HCC patients qualify for curative therapy, primarily due to the absence of reliable tools for early detection and prognosis of HCC. This underscores the critical need for molecular biomarkers for HCC management. Since proteins reflect disease status directly, proteomics has been utilized in biomarker developments for HCC. In particular, proteomics coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) methods facilitate the process of discovering biomarker candidates for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies. In this work, we investigated LC-MS-based proteomics methods through recent reference reviews, with a particular focus on sample preparation and LC-MS methods appropriate for the discovery of HCC biomarkers and their clinical applications. We classified proteomics studies of HCC according to sample types, and we examined the coverage of protein biomarker candidates based on LC-MS methods in relation to study scales and goals. Comprehensively, we proposed protein biomarker candidates categorized by sample types and biomarker types for appropriate clinical use. In this review, we summarized recent LC-MS-based proteomics studies on HCC and proposed potential protein biomarkers. Our findings are expected to expand the understanding of HCC pathogenesis and enhance the efficiency of HCC diagnosis and prognosis, thereby contributing to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoon Shin
- Proteomics Research Team, CHA Institute of Future Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongshin Kim
- Proteomics Research Team, CHA Institute of Future Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Proteomics Research Team, CHA Institute of Future Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Proteomics Research Team, CHA Institute of Future Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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Stachon T, Fecher-Trost C, Latta L, Yapar D, Fries FN, Meyer MR, Käsmann-Kellner B, Seitz B, Szentmáry N. Protein profiling of conjunctival impression cytology samples of aniridia subjects. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:e635-e645. [PMID: 38130099 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital aniridia is a rare disease, which is in most cases related to PAX6 haploinsufficiency. Aniridia associated keratopathy (AAK) also belongs to ocular signs of congenital aniridia. In AAK, there is corneal epithelial thinning, corneal inflammation, vascularization and scarring. In advanced stage AAK, typically, conjunctival epithelial cells slowly replace the corneal epithelium. Based on previous results we hypothesize that alterations of the conjunctival cells in congenital aniridia may also support the corneal conjunctivalization process. The aim of this study was to identify deregulated proteins in conjunctival impression cytology samples of congenital aniridia subjects. METHODS Conjunctival impression cytology samples of eight patients with congenital aniridia [age 34.5 ± 9.9 (17-51) years, 50% female] and eight healthy subjects [age 34.1 ± 11.9 (15-54) years, 50% female] were collected and analysed using mass spectrometry. Proteomic profiles were analysed in terms of molecular functions, biological processes, cellular components and pathway enrichment using the protein annotation of the evolutionary relationship (PANTHER) classification system. RESULTS In total, 3323 proteins could be verified and there were 127 deregulated proteins (p < 0.01) in congenital aniridia. From the 127 deregulated proteins (DEPs), 82 altered biological processes, 63 deregulated cellular components, 27 significantly altered molecular functions and 31 enriched signalling pathways were identified. Pathological alteration of the biological processes and molecular functions of retinol binding and retinoic acid biosynthesis, as well as lipid metabolism and apoptosis related pathways could be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Protein profile of conjunctival impression cytology samples of aniridia subjects identifies alterations of retinol binding, retinoic acid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism and apoptosis related pathways. Whether these changes are directly related to PAX6 haploinsufficiency, must be investigated in further studies. These new findings offer the possibility to identify potential new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Stachon
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Latta
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Dalya Yapar
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Fabian N Fries
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Markus R Meyer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Nóra Szentmáry
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Park HE, Han D, Lee JS, Nikas IP, Kim H, Yang S, Lee H, Ryu HS. Comparison of Breast Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and Tissue Sampling for High-Throughput Proteomic Analysis and Cancer Biomarker Detection. Pathobiology 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38815563 DOI: 10.1159/000539478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) specimens are widely utilized for the diagnosis and molecular testing of various cancers. We performed a comparative proteomic analysis of three different sample types, including breast FNAC, core needle biopsy (CNB), and surgical resection tissues. Our goal was to evaluate the suitability of FNAC for in-depth proteomic analysis and for identifying potential therapeutic biomarkers in breast cancer. METHODS High-throughput proteomic analysis was conducted on matched FNAC, CNB, and surgical resection tissue samples obtained from breast cancer patients. The protein identification, including currently established or promising therapeutic targets, was compared among the three different sample types. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was also performed on all matched samples. RESULTS Compared to tissue samples, FNAC testing revealed a comparable number of proteins (7,179 in FNAC; 7,196 in CNB; and 7,190 in resection samples). Around 85% of proteins were mutually identified in all sample types. FNAC, along with CNB, showed a positive correlation between the number of enrolled tumor cells and identified proteins. In the GO analysis, the FNAC samples demonstrated a higher number of genes for each pathway and GO terms than tissue samples. CCND1, CDK6, HER2, and IGF1R were found in higher quantities in the FNAC compared to tissue samples, while TUBB2A was only detected in the former. CONCLUSION FNAC is suitable for high-throughput proteomic analysis, in addition to an emerging source that could be used to identify and quantify novel cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Eun Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seok Lee
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ilias P Nikas
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Hyeyoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Yang
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyebin Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lin C, Sniezek C, Giglio RM, Karki R, McGann C, Garcia BA, McFaline-Figeroa JL, Schweppe DK. Lineage-specific proteome remodeling of diverse lung cancer cells by targeted epigenetic inhibitors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.23.592075. [PMID: 38853901 PMCID: PMC11160595 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.592075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic inhibitors exhibit powerful antiproliferative and anticancer activities. However, cellular responses to small-molecule epigenetic inhibition are heterogenous and dependent on factors such as the genetic background, metabolic state, and on-/off-target engagement of individual small-molecule drugs. To determine the mechanisms that drive these heterogeneous cellular responses, we quantified chromatin, proteome, and transcriptome remodeling due to histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) -treated cells derived from diverse genetic backgrounds. We utilized high-throughput sample multiplexed proteomics and integrated intelligent data acquisition methods to map proteomes of cancer cell lines in response to HDACi. We determined cell type-specific and ubiquitous cellular responses based on the quantification of 10,621 total proteins. We then established how coordinated remodeling of the proteome, transcriptome and chromatin state of HDACi treated cancer cells revealed convergent (JUN, MAP2K3, CDKN1A) and divergent (CCND3, ASF1B, BRD7) molecular phenotypes. HDACi-regulated proteins differ greatly across cell lines owing to heterogeneous molecular states of these cell lines. Finally, we demonstrated that HDACi treatment drove a highly cell-type specific response that may in part be explained by cell line-specific off-target drug engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuwei Lin
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | | | | | - Rashmi Karki
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Neagu AN, Whitham D, Bruno P, Arshad A, Seymour L, Morrissiey H, Hukovic AI, Darie CC. Onco-Breastomics: An Eco-Evo-Devo Holistic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1628. [PMID: 38338903 PMCID: PMC10855488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Known as a diverse collection of neoplastic diseases, breast cancer (BC) can be hyperbolically characterized as a dynamic pseudo-organ, a living organism able to build a complex, open, hierarchically organized, self-sustainable, and self-renewable tumor system, a population, a species, a local community, a biocenosis, or an evolving dynamical ecosystem (i.e., immune or metabolic ecosystem) that emphasizes both developmental continuity and spatio-temporal change. Moreover, a cancer cell community, also known as an oncobiota, has been described as non-sexually reproducing species, as well as a migratory or invasive species that expresses intelligent behavior, or an endangered or parasite species that fights to survive, to optimize its features inside the host's ecosystem, or that is able to exploit or to disrupt its host circadian cycle for improving the own proliferation and spreading. BC tumorigenesis has also been compared with the early embryo and placenta development that may suggest new strategies for research and therapy. Furthermore, BC has also been characterized as an environmental disease or as an ecological disorder. Many mechanisms of cancer progression have been explained by principles of ecology, developmental biology, and evolutionary paradigms. Many authors have discussed ecological, developmental, and evolutionary strategies for more successful anti-cancer therapies, or for understanding the ecological, developmental, and evolutionary bases of BC exploitable vulnerabilities. Herein, we used the integrated framework of three well known ecological theories: the Bronfenbrenner's theory of human development, the Vannote's River Continuum Concept (RCC), and the Ecological Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Eco-Evo-Devo) theory, to explain and understand several eco-evo-devo-based principles that govern BC progression. Multi-omics fields, taken together as onco-breastomics, offer better opportunities to integrate, analyze, and interpret large amounts of complex heterogeneous data, such as various and big-omics data obtained by multiple investigative modalities, for understanding the eco-evo-devo-based principles that drive BC progression and treatment. These integrative eco-evo-devo theories can help clinicians better diagnose and treat BC, for example, by using non-invasive biomarkers in liquid-biopsies that have emerged from integrated omics-based data that accurately reflect the biomolecular landscape of the primary tumor in order to avoid mutilating preventive surgery, like bilateral mastectomy. From the perspective of preventive, personalized, and participatory medicine, these hypotheses may help patients to think about this disease as a process governed by natural rules, to understand the possible causes of the disease, and to gain control on their own health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, Carol I bvd. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Pathea Bruno
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Aneeta Arshad
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Logan Seymour
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Hailey Morrissiey
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Angiolina I. Hukovic
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Costel C. Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
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Shin D, Lee J, Kim Y, Park J, Shin D, Song Y, Joo EJ, Roh S, Lee KY, Oh S, Ahn YM, Rhee SJ, Kim Y. Evaluation of a Nondepleted Plasma Multiprotein-Based Model for Discriminating Psychiatric Disorders Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring-Mass Spectrometry: Proof-of-Concept Study. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:329-343. [PMID: 38063806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Psychiatric evaluation relies on subjective symptoms and behavioral observation, which sometimes leads to misdiagnosis. Despite previous efforts to utilize plasma proteins as objective markers, the depletion method is time-consuming. Therefore, this study aimed to enhance previous quantification methods and construct objective discriminative models for major psychiatric disorders using nondepleted plasma. Multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) assays for quantifying 453 peptides in nondepleted plasma from 132 individuals [35 major depressive disorder (MDD), 47 bipolar disorder (BD), 23 schizophrenia (SCZ) patients, and 27 healthy controls (HC)] were developed. Pairwise discriminative models for MDD, BD, and SCZ, and a discriminative model between patients and HC were constructed by machine learning approaches. In addition, the proteins from nondepleted plasma-based discriminative models were compared with previously developed depleted plasma-based discriminative models. Discriminative models for MDD versus BD, BD versus SCZ, MDD versus SCZ, and patients versus HC were constructed with 11 to 13 proteins and showed reasonable performances (AUROC = 0.890-0.955). Most of the shared proteins between nondepleted and depleted plasma models had consistent directions of expression levels and were associated with neural signaling, inflammatory, and lipid metabolism pathways. These results suggest that multiprotein markers from nondepleted plasma have a potential role in psychiatric evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoon Shin
- Proteomics Research Team, CHA Institute of Future Medicine, Seongnam 13520, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongshin Kim
- Department of Life Science, General Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Proteomics Research Team, CHA Institute of Future Medicine, Seongnam 13520, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, General Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Daun Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Joo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Roh
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Hospital and Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Oh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Rhee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Proteomics Research Team, CHA Institute of Future Medicine, Seongnam 13520, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, General Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
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Park J, Lee SH, Shin D, Kim Y, Kim YS, Seong MY, Lee JJ, Seo HG, Cho WS, Ro YS, Kim Y, Oh BM. Multiplexed Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Proteomic Alterations in Two Rodent Traumatic Brain Injury Models. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:249-263. [PMID: 38064581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In many cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI), conspicuous abnormalities, such as scalp wounds and intracranial hemorrhages, abate over time. However, many unnoticeable symptoms, including cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dysfunction, often last from several weeks to years after trauma, even for mild injuries. Moreover, the cause of such persistence of symptoms has not been examined extensively. Recent studies have implicated the dysregulation of the molecular system in the injured brain, necessitating an in-depth analysis of the proteome and signaling pathways that mediate the consequences of TBI. Thus, in this study, the brain proteomes of two TBI models were examined by quantitative proteomics during the recovery period to determine the molecular mechanisms of TBI. Our results show that the proteomes in both TBI models undergo distinct changes. A bioinformatics analysis demonstrated robust activation and inhibition of signaling pathways and core proteins that mediate biological processes after brain injury. These findings can help determine the molecular mechanisms that underlie the persistent effects of TBI and identify novel targets for drug interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Proteomics Research Team, CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hak Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyoon Shin
- Proteomics Research Team, CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongshin Kim
- Department of Life Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Kim
- Proteomics Research Team, CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yong Seong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Joo Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gil Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sang Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Ro
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Proteomics Research Team, CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Mo Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Aging, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71 Ihwajang-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, 260 Jungang-ro, Yangpyeong-gun 12564, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Pericoli G, Galardi A, Paolini A, Petrilli LL, Pepe G, Palma A, Colletti M, Ferretti R, Giorda E, Levi Mortera S, Burford A, Carai A, Mastronuzzi A, Mackay A, Putignani L, Jones C, Pascucci L, Peinado H, Helmer-Citterich M, de Billy E, Masotti A, Locatelli F, Di Giannatale A, Vinci M. Inhibition of exosome biogenesis affects cell motility in heterogeneous sub-populations of paediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:207. [PMID: 37957701 PMCID: PMC10641969 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric-type diffuse High-Grade Gliomas (PDHGG) are highly heterogeneous tumours which include distinct cell sub-populations co-existing within the same tumour mass. We have previously shown that primary patient-derived and optical barcoded single-cell-derived clones function as interconnected networks. Here, we investigated the role of exosomes as a route for inter-clonal communication mediating PDHGG migration and invasion. RESULTS A comprehensive characterisation of seven optical barcoded single-cell-derived clones obtained from two patient-derived cell lines was performed. These analyses highlighted extensive intra-tumour heterogeneity in terms of genetic and transcriptional profiles between clones as well as marked phenotypic differences including distinctive motility patterns. Live single-cell tracking analysis of 3D migration and invasion assays showed that the single-cell-derived clones display a higher speed and longer travelled distance when in co-culture compared to mono-culture conditions. To determine the role of exosomes in PDHGG inter-clonal cross-talks, we isolated exosomes released by different clones and characterised them in terms of marker expression, size and concentration. We demonstrated that exosomes are actively internalized by the cells and that the inhibition of their biogenesis, using the phospholipase inhibitor GW4689, significantly reduced the cell motility in mono-culture and more prominently when the cells from the clones were in co-culture. Analysis of the exosomal miRNAs, performed with a miRNome PCR panel, identified clone-specific miRNAs and a set of miRNA target genes involved in the regulation of cell motility/invasion/migration. These genes were found differentially expressed in co-culture versus mono-culture conditions and their expression levels were significantly modulated upon inhibition of exosome biogenesis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study highlights for the first time a key role for exosomes in the inter-clonal communication in PDHGG and suggests that interfering with the exosome biogenesis pathway may be a valuable strategy to inhibit cell motility and dissemination for these specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pericoli
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Galardi
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paolini
- Multifactorial and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Lisa Petrilli
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerardo Pepe
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palma
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Colletti
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferretti
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezio Giorda
- Core Facilities research laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Levi Mortera
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Burford
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Andrea Carai
- Oncological Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alan Mackay
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chris Jones
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Hector Peinado
- Microenvironment & Metastasis Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Emmanuel de Billy
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Multifactorial and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Giannatale
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vinci
- Department of Onco-hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Jayathirtha M, Jayaweera T, Whitham D, Petre BA, Neagu AN, Darie CC. Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Nanoliquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins and Tumorigenic Pathways in the MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell Line Transfected for Jumping Translocation Breakpoint Protein Overexpression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14714. [PMID: 37834160 PMCID: PMC10572688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of new genes/proteins involved in breast cancer (BC) occurrence is widely used to discover novel biomarkers and understand the molecular mechanisms of BC initiation and progression. The jumping translocation breakpoint (JTB) gene may act both as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in various types of tumors, including BC. Thus, the JTB protein could have the potential to be used as a biomarker in BC, but its neoplastic mechanisms still remain unknown or controversial. We previously analyzed the interacting partners of JTBhigh protein extracted from transfected MCF7 BC cell line using SDS-PAGE complemented with in-solution digestion, respectively. The previous results suggested the JTB contributed to the development of a more aggressive phenotype and behavior for the MCF7 BC cell line through synergistic upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mitotic spindle, and fatty acid metabolism-related pathways. In this work, we aim to complement the previously reported JTB proteomics-based experiments by investigating differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and tumorigenic pathways associated with JTB overexpression using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Statistically different gel spots were picked for protein digestion, followed by nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) analysis. We identified six DEPs related to the JTBhigh condition vs. control that emphasize a pro-tumorigenic (PT) role. Twenty-one proteins, which are known to be usually overexpressed in cancer cells, emphasize an anti-tumorigenic (AT) role when low expression occurs. According to our previous results, proteins that have a PT role are mainly involved in the activation of the EMT process. Interestingly, JTB overexpression has been correlated here with a plethora of significant upregulated and downregulated proteins that sustain JTB tumor suppressive functions. Our present and previous results sustain the necessity of the complementary use of different proteomics-based methods (SDS-PAGE, 2D-PAGE, and in-solution digestion) followed by tandem mass spectrometry to avoid their limitations, with each method leading to the delineation of specific clusters of DEPs that may be merged for a better understanding of molecular pathways and neoplastic mechanisms related to the JTB's role in BC initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Jayathirtha
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Taniya Jayaweera
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Brîndușa Alina Petre
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Bvd., No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Center for Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translation Medicine—TRANSCEND, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Bvd., No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Costel C. Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
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11
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Li J, Yao J, Qi L. Identification of TUBB2A as a Cancer-Immunity Cycle-Related Therapeutic Target in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00880-2. [PMID: 37742297 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a malignant subtype of breast cancer characterized by the absence of ER, PR, and HER2. We aimed to explore target gene from the perspective of cancer-immunity cycle, providing insights into treatment of TNBC. METHODS We obtained TNBC samples from METABRIC database and downloaded 4 datasets from GEO database, as well as an IMvigor210 dataset. WGCNA was applied to screen genes associated with cancer-immunity cycle in TNBC. GO, KEGG and GSEA analyses were performed to explore the target gene's potential functions and pathways. The binding motifs with transcription factors were predicted with FIMO. Immune infiltration analysis was conducted by CIBERSORT. RESULTS TUBB2A was screened out as our target gene which was negatively correlated with T cell recruitment in cancer-immunity cycle. TUBB2A expressed higher in TNBC samples than in normal samples. High expression of TUBB2A was associated with poor prognosis of TNBC. 12 transcription factors and 5 miRNAs might regulate TUBB2A's expression. The infiltration ratios of 7 types of immune cells such as CD8+ T cells, naive CD4+ T cells and activated memory CD4+ T cells were significantly lower in TUBB2A high expression group. TUBB2A was a potential drug target. CONCLUSION We screened a cancer-immunity cycle-related gene TUBB2A which was negatively correlated with T cell recruiting in TNBC. TUBB2A expressed higher in TNBC samples than in normal samples, associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchun Yao
- Department of Head and Neck, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Qi
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.17 Panjiayuan, Huawei South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Géci I, Bober P, Filová E, Amler E, Sabo J. The Role of ARHGAP1 in Rho GTPase Inactivation during Metastasizing of Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7 after Treatment with Doxorubicin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11352. [PMID: 37511111 PMCID: PMC10379778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type in women worldwide. It proliferates rapidly and can metastasize into farther tissues at any stage due to the gradual invasiveness and motility of the tumor cells. These crucial properties are the outcome of the weakened intercellular adhesion, regulated by small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), which hydrolyze to the guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound conformation. We investigated the inactivating effect of ARHGAP1 on Rho GTPases involved signaling pathways after treatment with a high dose of doxorubicin. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of the proteome isolated from the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, treated with 1 μM of doxorubicin, identified RAC1, CDC42, and RHOA GTPases that were inactivated by the ARHGAP1 protein. Upregulation of the GTPases involved in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway initiated epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. These findings demonstrate a key role of the ARHGAP1 protein in the disruption of the cell adhesion and simultaneously allow for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the reduced cell adhesion leading to the subsequent metastasis. The conclusions of this study corroborate the hypothesis that chemotherapy with doxorubicin may increase the risk of metastases in drug-resistant breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imrich Géci
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Bober
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Eva Filová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Evžen Amler
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
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13
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Investigating the Function of Human Jumping Translocation Breakpoint Protein (hJTB) and Its Interacting Partners through In-Solution Proteomics of MCF7 Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238301. [PMID: 36500393 PMCID: PMC9740069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human jumping translocation breakpoint (hJTB) gene is located on chromosome 1q21 and is involved in unbalanced translocation in many types of cancer. JTB protein is ubiquitously present in normal cells but it is found to be overexpressed or downregulated in various types of cancer cells, where this protein and its isoforms promote mitochondrial dysfunction, resistance to apoptosis, genomic instability, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Hence, JTB could be a tumor biomarker for different types of cancer, such as breast cancer (BC), and could be used as a drug target for therapy. However, the functions of the protein or the pathways through which it increases cell proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells are not well-known. Therefore, we aim to investigate the functions of JTB by using in-solution digestion-based cellular proteomics of control and upregulated and downregulated JTB protein in MCF7 breast cancer cell line, taking account that in-solution digestion-based proteomics experiments are complementary to the initial in-gel based ones. Proteomics analysis allows investigation of protein dysregulation patterns that indicate the function of the protein and its interacting partners, as well as the pathways and biological processes through which it functions. We concluded that JTB dysregulation increases the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) potential and cell proliferation, harnessing cytoskeleton organization, apical junctional complex, metabolic reprogramming, and cellular proteostasis. Deregulated JTB expression was found to be associated with several proteins involved in mitochondrial organization and function, oxidative stress (OS), apoptosis, and interferon alpha and gamma signaling. Consistent and complementary to our previous results emerged by using in-gel based proteomics of transfected MCF7 cells, JTB-related proteins that are overexpressed in this experiment suggest the development of a more aggressive phenotype and behavior for this luminal type A non-invasive/poor-invasive human BC cell line that does not usually migrate or invade compared with the highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells. This more aggressive phenotype of MCF7 cells related to JTB dysregulation and detected by both in-gel and in-solution proteomics could be promoted by synergistic upregulation of EMT, Mitotic spindle and Fatty acid metabolism pathways. However, in both JTB dysregulated conditions, several downregulated JTB-interacting proteins predominantly sustain antitumor activities, attenuating some of the aggressive phenotypical and behavioral traits promoted by the overexpressed JTB-related partners.
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14
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Maliekal TT, Dharmapal D, Sengupta S. Tubulin Isotypes: Emerging Roles in Defining Cancer Stem Cell Niche. Front Immunol 2022; 13:876278. [PMID: 35693789 PMCID: PMC9179084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.876278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the role of microtubule dynamics in cancer progression is well-established, the roles of tubulin isotypes, their cargos and their specific function in the induction and sustenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) were poorly explored. But emerging reports urge to focus on the transport function of tubulin isotypes in defining orchestrated expression of functionally critical molecules in establishing a stem cell niche, which is the key for CSC regulation. In this review, we summarize the role of specific tubulin isotypes in the transport of functional molecules that regulate metabolic reprogramming, which leads to the induction of CSCs and immune evasion. Recently, the surface expression of GLUT1 and GRP78 as well as voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) permeability, regulated by specific isotypes of β-tubulins have been shown to impart CSC properties to cancer cells, by implementing a metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, βIVb tubulin is shown to be critical in modulating EphrinB1signaling to sustain CSCs in oral carcinoma. These tubulin-interacting molecules, Ephrins, GLUT1 and GRP78, are also important regulators of immune evasion, by evoking PD-L1 mediated T-cell suppression. Thus, the recent advances in the field implicate that tubulins play a role in the controlled transport of molecules involved in CSC niche. The indication of tubulin isotypes in the regulation of CSCs offers a strategy to specifically target those tubulin isotypes to eliminate CSCs, rather than the general inhibition of microtubules, which usually leads to therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessy Thomas Maliekal
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
- *Correspondence: Tessy Thomas Maliekal, ; Suparna Sengupta,
| | - Dhrishya Dharmapal
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- University of Kerala, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Suparna Sengupta
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
- University of Kerala, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- *Correspondence: Tessy Thomas Maliekal, ; Suparna Sengupta,
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