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Roe T, Silveira S, Luo Z, Osborne EL, Senthil Murugan G, Grocott MPW, Postle AD, Dushianthan A. Particles in Exhaled Air (PExA): Clinical Uses and Future Implications. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:972. [PMID: 38786270 PMCID: PMC11119244 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Access to distal airway samples to assess respiratory diseases is not straightforward and requires invasive procedures such as bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. The particles in exhaled air (PExA) device provides a non-invasive means of assessing small airways; it captures distal airway particles (PEx) sized around 0.5-7 μm and contains particles of respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF) that originate during airway closure and opening. The PExA device can count particles and measure particle mass according to their size. The PEx particles can be analysed for metabolites on various analytical platforms to quantitatively measure targeted and untargeted lung specific markers of inflammation. As such, the measurement of distal airway components may help to evaluate acute and chronic inflammatory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and more recently, acute viral infections such as COVID-19. PExA may provide an alternative to traditional methods of airway sampling, such as induced sputum, tracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage. The measurement of specific biomarkers of airway inflammation obtained directly from the RTLF by PExA enables a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of pathophysiological changes at the molecular level in patients with acute and chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roe
- General Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Siona Silveira
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Zixing Luo
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Eleanor L Osborne
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | - Michael P W Grocott
- General Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Anthony D Postle
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ahilanandan Dushianthan
- General Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Brollo M, Salvator H, Grassin-Delyle S, Glorion M, Descamps D, Buenestado A, Naline E, Tenor H, Tiotiu A, Devillier P. The IL-4/13-induced production of M2 chemokines by human lung macrophages is enhanced by adenosine and PGE 2. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111557. [PMID: 38266451 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lung macrophages (LMs) are critically involved in respiratory diseases. The primary objective of the present study was to determine whether or not an adenosine analog (NECA) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) affected the interleukin (IL)-4- and IL-13-induced release of M2a chemokines (CCL13, CCL17, CCL18, and CCL22) by human LMs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Primary macrophages isolated from resected human lungs were incubated with NECA, PGE2, roflumilast, or vehicle and stimulated with IL-4 or IL-13 for 24 h. The levels of chemokines and PGE2 in the culture supernatants were measured using ELISAs and enzyme immunoassays. KEY RESULTS Exposure to IL-4 (10 ng/mL) and IL-13 (50 ng/mL) was associated with greater M2a chemokine production but not PGE2 production. PGE2 (10 ng/mL) and NECA (10-6 M) induced the production of M2a chemokines to a lesser extent but significantly enhanced the IL-4/IL-13-induced production of these chemokines. At either a clinically relevant concentration (10-9 M) or at a concentration (10-7 M) that fully inhibited phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) activity, roflumilast did not increase the production of M2a chemokines and did not modulate their IL-13-induced production, regardless of the presence or absence of PGE2. CONCLUSIONS NECA and PGE2 enhanced the IL-4/IL-13-induced production of M2a chemokines. The inhibition of PDE4 by roflumilast did not alter the production of these chemokines. These results contrast totally with the previously reported inhibitory effects of NECA, PGE2, and PDE4 inhibitors on the lipopolysaccharide-induced release of tumor necrosis factor alpha and M1 chemokines in human LMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Brollo
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology, Faculté des Sciences de la Vie Simone Veil, VIM, UMR-0892, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Hélène Salvator
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology, Faculté des Sciences de la Vie Simone Veil, VIM, UMR-0892, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, France; Department of Airway Diseases, Respiratory Pharmacology Unit, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
- Department of Airway Diseases, Respiratory Pharmacology Unit, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France; Department of Airway Diseases, Thoracic surgery, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Mathieu Glorion
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology, Faculté des Sciences de la Vie Simone Veil, VIM, UMR-0892, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, France; INSERM U1173, Infection & Inflammation, Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Delphyne Descamps
- VIM, UMR-0892, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Amparo Buenestado
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology, Faculté des Sciences de la Vie Simone Veil, VIM, UMR-0892, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Emmanuel Naline
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology, Faculté des Sciences de la Vie Simone Veil, VIM, UMR-0892, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, France; Department of Airway Diseases, Respiratory Pharmacology Unit, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Angelica Tiotiu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Institut of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Devillier
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology, Faculté des Sciences de la Vie Simone Veil, VIM, UMR-0892, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, France; Department of Airway Diseases, Respiratory Pharmacology Unit, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France.
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Ye Q, Xu G, Xue C, Pang S, Xie B, Huang G, Li H, Chen X, Yang R, Li W. Urinary SPP1 has potential as a non-invasive diagnostic marker for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:2061-2080. [PMID: 37696527 PMCID: PMC10626280 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a type of chronic glomerular nephropathy showing characteristic glomerular sclerosis, diagnosed by kidney biopsy. However, it is difficult and expensive to monitor disease progression with repeated renal biopsy in clinical practice, and thus here we explored the feasibility of urine biomarkers as non-invasive diagnostic tools. We downloaded scRNA-seq datasets of 20 urine cell samples and 3 kidney tissues and obtained two gene lists encoding extracellular proteins for bioinformatic analysis; in addition, we identified key EP-Genes by immunohistochemical staining and performed bulk RNA sequencing with 12 urine samples. We report that urine cells and kidney cells were correlated. A total of 64 EP-Genes were acquired by intersecting genes of distal tubular cluster with extracellular proteins. Function enrichment analysis showed that EP-Genes might be involved in the immune response and extracellular components. Six key EP-Genes were identified and correlated with renal function. IMC showed that key EP-Genes were located mainly in tubules. Cross verification and examination of a urine RNAseq dataset showed that SPP1 had diagnostic potential for FSGS. The presence of urine SPP1 was primarily associated with macrophage infiltration in kidney, and the pathogenesis of FSGS may be related to innate immunity. Urinary cells seemed to be strongly similar to kidney cells. In summary, SPP1 levels reflect renal function and may have potential as a biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis of FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Ye
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Guiling Xu
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Shuting Pang
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Boji Xie
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Guanwen Huang
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Rirong Yang
- Centre for Genomic and Personalized MedicineDepartment of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangxi Medical UniversityNanning530021China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
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Kokelj S, Östling J, Fromell K, Vanfleteren LEGW, Olsson HK, Nilsson Ekdahl K, Nilsson B, Olin AC. Activation of the Complement and Coagulation Systems in the Small Airways in Asthma. Respiration 2023; 102:621-631. [PMID: 37423212 DOI: 10.1159/000531374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown the importance of the complement and coagulation systems in the pathogenesis of asthma. OBJECTIVES We explored whether we could detect differentially abundant complement and coagulation proteins in the samples obtained from the small airway lining fluid by collection of exhaled particles in patients with asthma and whether these proteins are associated with small airway dysfunction and asthma control. METHOD Exhaled particles were obtained from 20 subjects with asthma and 10 healthy controls (HC) with the PExA method and analysed with the SOMAscan proteomics platform. Lung function was assessed by nitrogen multiple breath washout test and spirometry. RESULTS 53 proteins associated with the complement and coagulation systems were included in the analysis. Nine of those proteins were differentially abundant in subjects with asthma as compared to HC, and C3 was significantly higher in inadequately controlled asthma as compared to well-controlled asthma. Several proteins were associated with physiological tests assessing small airways. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the role of the local activation of the complement and coagulation systems in the small airway lining fluid in asthma and their association with both asthma control and small airway dysfunction. The findings highlight the potential of complement factors as biomarkers to identify different sub-groups among patients with asthma that could potentially benefit from a therapeutic approach targeting the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spela Kokelj
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Karin Fromell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lowie E G W Vanfleteren
- COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henric K Olsson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Nilsson Ekdahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Olin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Östling J, Van Geest M, Olsson HK, Dahlen SE, Viklund E, Gustafsson PM, Mirgorodskaya E, Olin AC. Correction to: A novel non‑invasive method allowing for discovery of pathologically relevant proteins from small airways. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35843940 PMCID: PMC9290217 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jörgen Östling
- Department of Bioscience, Respiratory, Infammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,PExA AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marleen Van Geest
- Department of Bioscience, Respiratory, Infammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Hansa Biopharma AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henric K Olsson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilia Viklund
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anna-Carin Olin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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