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Ohashi J, Katsura T. A coaching program to improve quality of life in older people in Japan: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Community Nurs 2019; 24:315-322. [PMID: 31265338 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2019.24.7.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As the world's population ages, efforts to improve quality of life (QOL) in old age are gaining public attention. In this study, a programme was conducted for older people with the aim of clarifying their life goals related to QOL and the meaning of their existence, and the effect of the programme in improving QOL was evaluated. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group after registration. The program consisted of four 90-minute classes. The primary outcome was the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale score (PGC), and changes in outcomes were compared between groups. The intervention group had significantly improved PGC scores (P<0.003). Further, the scores of PGC subscales 'Acceptance of one's own ageing' and 'Lonely dissatisfaction' showed significant improvements after the intervention (P<0.001). The findings suggest the effectiveness of the developed program in improving QOL in people aged ≥65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Ohashi
- Lecturer, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Nursing for Healthcare Science
| | - Toshiki Katsura
- Lecturer, Department of Preventive Nursing, School of Human Health Sciences Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
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Otsuka R, Nishita Y, Tange C, Tomida M, Ando F, Shimokata H. Hemoglobin A1c and 10-year information processing speed in Japanese community dwellers. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:24. [PMID: 31014232 PMCID: PMC6480813 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperglycemia is believed to be a risk factor for cognitive decline, but the longitudinal relationship between hyperglycemia and cognitive decline in the Japanese population is unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the association between blood glucose levels and information processing ability in middle-aged and older adults. Methods The subjects were 866 men and 815 women aged 40–79 years not taking medication for diabetes who participated in the first study wave (1997–2000) and then participated at least once in the subsequent six study waves (2000–2012) of the National Institute for Longevity Sciences—Longitudinal Study of Aging, Japan. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were categorized into four groups (< 5.6, 5.6 to < 6.0, 6.0 to < 6.5, ≥ 6.5%), and a mixed-effects model was used to evaluate the effects of the HbA1c level (four groups) on repeated measures of information processing speed. The models also included baseline age, body mass index, ethanol intake, smoking status, educational level, family income, and history of stroke, hypertension, heart disease, and dyslipidemia as covariates. Results Mean (standard deviation) HbA1c and follow-up time in participants were 5.2 (0.5) % and 10.0 (3.6) years, respectively. A linear mixed model showed that the main effect of the four HbA1c groups on information processing ability was not significant in either men or women, but the interaction of HbA1c and time with information processing speed in the higher HbA1c level groups (≥ 6.5% group in men, 6.0 to < 6.5% and ≥ 6.5% groups in women) was significant compared to the lower HbA1c level (< 5.6%) group (P < 0.05). When the slope of information processing speed by HbA1c level at baseline was examined, the slope of information processing speed in the higher HbA1c level (≥ 6.5%) group was higher than in the lower HbA1c level (< 5.6%) group, both in men (− 0.31/year) and in women (− 0.30/year), as well as in women with an HbA1c level of 6.0 to < 6.5% (− 0.40/year). Conclusions Higher baseline HbA1c was associated with greater subsequent decline in information processing ability in Japanese community dwellers, even with the pre-clinical HbA1c level (6.0 to < 6.5%) in women. The results suggest that good glycemic control or prevention of hyperglycemia may contribute to maintaining information processing ability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12199-019-0778-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Otsuka
- Section of NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Nishita
- Section of NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Chikako Tange
- Section of NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Makiko Tomida
- Section of NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Fujiko Ando
- Section of NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, Katahira 2- 9, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1197, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Section of NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.,Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Takenoyama 57, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 470-0196, Japan
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