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Laxmi, Golmei P, Srivastava S, Kumar S. Single nucleotide polymorphism-based biomarker in primary hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 972:176584. [PMID: 38621507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Primary hypertension is a multiplex and multifactorial disease influenced by various strong components including genetics. Extensive research such as Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies have revealed various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to hypertension, providing insights into the genetic basis of the condition. This review summarizes the current status of SNP research in primary hypertension, including examples of hypertension-related SNPs, their location, function, and frequency in different populations. The potential clinical implications of SNP research for primary hypertension management are also discussed, including disease risk prediction, personalized medicine, mechanistic understanding, and lifestyle modifications. Furthermore, this review highlights emerging technologies and methodologies that have the potential to revolutionize the vast understanding of the basis of genetics in primary hypertension. Gene editing holds the potential to target and correct any kind of genetic mutations that contribute to the development of hypertension or modify genes involved in blood pressure regulation to prevent or treat the condition. Advances in computational biology and machine learning enable researchers to analyze large datasets and identify complex genetic interactions contributing to hypertension risk. In conclusion, SNP research in primary hypertension is rapidly evolving with emerging technologies and methodologies that have the potential to transform the knowledge about genetic basis related to the condition. These advances hold promise for personalized prevention and treatment strategies tailored to an individual's genetic profile ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, M B Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Pougang Golmei
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, M B Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Shriyansh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, M B Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, M B Road, New Delhi, 110017, India.
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Hosseininasab D, Mirzababaei A, Abaj F, Firoozi R, Clark CCT, Mirzaei K. Are there any interactions between modified Nordic-style diet score and MC4R polymorphism on cardiovascular risk factors among overweight and obese women? A cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:221. [PMID: 36050672 PMCID: PMC9434967 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women globally. Recent studies have reported that the minor allele (C allele) for melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) rs17782313 may be related to the incidence of obesity and the risk of CVD. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the interactions between the modified Nordic-style diet score (MND) and MC4R gene variant on markers of CVD. METHODS The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 282 Iranian women, aged 18-48 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25. MND score was assessed using a 147 items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Genotyping of the MC4R (rs17782313) was conducted by the PCR method. The anthropometric measurements and serum profiles were assessed by standard protocols. RESULTS The means and standard deviation (SD) of age, weight, and BMI of individuals were 36.67 ± 9.10 years, 81.29 ± 12.43 kg, and 31.26 ± 4.29 kg/m2, respectively. The overall prevalence of rs17782313 genotypes was 30.1%, 24.8%, and 45.1% for TT, TC, and CC, respectively. Our results showed significant negative interactions between high MND score and rs17782313 SNP in terms of visceral fat level (VFL) (β: -10.84, 95% CI: -20.64 to -1.04, P = 0.03) and total cholesterol (β: -24.24, 95% CI: -49.87 to 1.38, P = 0.06) in the crude model. After adjusting confounders, the interaction between high MND scores and VFL remained significant. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that diet, gene variants, and their interaction should be considered in metabolic disease risk assessment. Further studies are needed to confirm these data and better elucidate the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Hosseininasab
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abaj
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Firoozi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Mirmiran P, Hadaegh F, Daneshpour MS, Hedayati M, Azizi F. The effect of TCF7L2 polymorphisms on inflammatory markers after 16 weeks of legume-based dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet versus a standard DASH diet: a randomised controlled trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:35. [PMID: 35585604 PMCID: PMC9118794 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds This randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of replacing red meat with legumes in the dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on inflammatory markers over 16 weeks in overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Also, the modulatory effects of TCF7L2 rs7903146 variant on this effect were assessed. Methods In this trial, 300 participants with type 2 diabetes, aged 30–65 years with an identified TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotype, were studied. The participants were randomly assigned to the DASH diet or the legume-based DASH diet over 16 weeks. In the DASH diet group, the participants were instructed to follow the standard DASH diet. The legume-based DASH diet was similar to the standard DASH diet, with the exception that one serving of red meat was replaced with one serving of legumes at least five days a week. At the beginning of the study and 16-week follow-up, venous blood samples were collected from all participants who fasted for 12–14 h overnight. The serum concentration of High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Also, the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was assessed based on a colorimetric method using a commercial kit. The primary outcome was the difference in hs-CRP changes between the diets. A secondary outcomes was the difference in IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA between the groups among total population and based on TCF7L2 rs7903146 risk allele (CT + TT) and non-risk allele (CC) separately. Results The hs-CRP level reduced in the legume-based DASH diet group as compared to the DASH diet group in the 16-week follow-up group. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA reduced after the legume-based DASH diet relative to the DASH diet. Reduction of inflammatory markers was observed in both carriers of rs7903146 risk allele and non-risk allele. Conclusions Substituting one serving of red meat with one serving of legumes in DASH diet, at least five days a week, could improve the hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA in participants with type 2 diabetes regardless of having rs7903146 risk or non-risk allele. Trial registration IRCT, IRCT20090203001640N17.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00671-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Hosseinpour-Niazi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, A'rabi St., Yeman Av., Velenjak, Tehran, 19395-4763, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, A'rabi St., Yeman Av., Velenjak, Tehran, 19395-4763, Iran.
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Moazzam-Jazi M, Sadat Zahedi A, Akbarzadeh M, Azizi F, Daneshpour MS. Diverse effect of MC4R risk alleles on obesity-related traits over a lifetime: Evidence from a well-designed cohort study. Gene 2022; 807:145950. [PMID: 34481003 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This population-based longitudinal study is the first investigation that assesses the association of common MC4R SNPs with the obesity-related parameters over time and determines the effect of risk alleles during the three adulthood life periods (early, middle, and late) in a large Iranian cohort, a population with a unique genetic make-up that has been understudied and relatively unexplored. We obtained the genotype of 5370 unrelated adults who participated in the ongoing Tehran Cardiometabolic Genetic Study (TCGS) cohort project for the common MC4R SNPs. Linear regression and linear mixed model analyses were performed to examine the effect of MC4R polymorphisms on maximum BMI and other obesity-related factors over time. We recognized that several SNPs associated with the maximum BMI and the increased BMI, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio across Iranian adults over a lifetime. Interestingly, we found that rs9954571-A has a yet unreported protective role against obesity-related factors, including BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and triglyceride level. Additionally, a survey of the impact of the MC4R risk score throughout the adulthood life periods indicated that the MC4R risk score is influenced both the elevated BMI and waist circumference only during the early adulthood period. Our findings can expand our knowledge about the MC4R genetic variant's contributions to adulthood obesity and highlight the importance of evaluating the genetic components affecting obesity over a lifetime, which could be considered for obesity clinical screening and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moazzam-Jazi
- Cellular, and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asiyeh Sadat Zahedi
- Cellular, and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Akbarzadeh
- Cellular, and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Cellular, and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular, and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yarizadeh H, Bahiraee A, Asadi S, Maddahi NS, Setayesh L, Casazza K, Mirzaei K. The interaction between dietary approaches to stop hypertension and MC4R gene variant in predicting cardiovascular risk factors. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 92:376-384. [PMID: 33284034 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The genetic variants near the melanocortin-4 receptor gene (MC4R), a key protein regulating energy balance and adiposity, have been related to obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. However, qualitative and quantitative aspects of diet may modulate the association of this polymorphism with obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of this study was to evaluate interactions among MC4R rs17782313, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and risk factors for CVDs. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 266 Iranian women categorized by body mass index (BMI) range of 25-40 kg/m2 as overweight or obese. CVD risk factors included waist circumference (WC), lipid profile, blood pressure, insulin circulation and fasting blood sugar (FBS). Insulin and FBS were used to calculate homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) Body composition was assessed by a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer, InBody 770 scanner. Results: The findings of this study show that high adherence to the DASH diet in the CC groups were associated with decreased SBP and DBP compared to the TT group. In addition, a significant difference between women with high adherence to the DASH diet compared to low adherence was observed for body weight (p < 0.001), fat free mass (FFM) (p = 0.01) and BMI (p = 0.02). Women with the CC genotype had higher insulin (mg/dl) (mean and SD, for TT: 14.6 ± 4.6, TC: 17.3 ± 9.2, CC: 15.3 ± 4.8, p = 0.04) and HOMA-IR (mean for and SD, TT: 3.1 ± 1.07, TC: 3.9 ± 2.4, CC: 3.2 ± 1.1, p = 0.01) than TT group. Inclusion of potential confounding variables (age, physical activity, BMI and daily caloric intake) did not attenuate the difference. Conclusion: Among overweight/obese Iranian women with the CC genotype, incorporating the DASH diet may serve as a dietary prescription to decrease CVD risk. A dietary intervention trial is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yarizadeh
- Students' Scientific Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bahiraee
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sara Asadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Sadat Maddahi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Krista Casazza
- Marieb College of Health and Human Services, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Sorlí JV, Barragán R, Coltell O, Portolés O, Pascual EC, Ortega-Azorín C, González JI, Estruch R, Saiz C, Pérez-Fidalgo A, Ordovas JM, Corella D. Chronological Age Interacts with the Circadian Melatonin Receptor 1B Gene Variation, Determining Fasting Glucose Concentrations in Mediterranean Populations. Additional Analyses on Type-2 Diabetes Risk. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113323. [PMID: 33138317 PMCID: PMC7692445 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-age interactions have not been systematically investigated on metabolic phenotypes and this modulation will be key for a better understanding of the temporal regulation in nutrigenomics. Taking into account that aging is typically associated with both impairment of the circadian system and a decrease in melatonin secretion, we focused on the melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B)-rs10830963 C>G variant that has been associated with fasting glucose concentrations, gestational diabetes, and type-2 diabetes. Therefore, our main aim was to investigate whether the association between the MTNR1B-rs10830963 polymorphism and fasting glucose is age dependent. Our secondary aims were to analyze the polymorphism association with type-2 diabetes and explore the gene-pregnancies interactions on the later type-2 diabetes risk. Three Mediterranean cohorts (n = 2823) were analyzed. First, a cross-sectional study in the discovery cohort consisting of 1378 participants (aged 18 to 80 years; mean age 41 years) from the general population was carried out. To validate and extend the results, two replication cohorts consisting of elderly individuals were studied. In the discovery cohort, we observed a strong gene-age interaction (p = 0.001), determining fasting glucose in such a way that the increasing effect of the risk G-allele was much greater in young (p = 5.9 × 10-10) than in elderly participants (p = 0.805). Consistently, the association of the MTNR1B-rs10830963 polymorphism with fasting glucose concentrations in the two replication cohorts (mean age over 65 years) did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05 for both). However, in the elderly cohorts, significant associations between the polymorphism and type-2 diabetes at baseline were found. Moreover, in one of the cohorts, we obtained a statistically significant interaction between the MTNR1B polymorphism and the number of pregnancies, retrospectively assessed, on the type-2 diabetes risk. In conclusion, the association of the MTNR1B-rs10830963 polymorphism with fasting glucose is age-dependent, having a greater effect in younger people. However, in elderly subjects, associations of the polymorphism with type-2 diabetes were observed and our exploratory analysis suggested a modulatory effect of the number of past pregnancies on the future type-2 diabetes genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V. Sorlí
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.V.S.); (R.B.); (O.P.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (C.S.); (A.P.-F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (O.C.); (R.E.)
| | - Rocío Barragán
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.V.S.); (R.B.); (O.P.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (C.S.); (A.P.-F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (O.C.); (R.E.)
- Department of Medicine, Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Oscar Coltell
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (O.C.); (R.E.)
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Olga Portolés
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.V.S.); (R.B.); (O.P.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (C.S.); (A.P.-F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (O.C.); (R.E.)
| | - Eva C. Pascual
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.V.S.); (R.B.); (O.P.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (C.S.); (A.P.-F.)
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorín
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.V.S.); (R.B.); (O.P.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (C.S.); (A.P.-F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (O.C.); (R.E.)
| | - José I. González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.V.S.); (R.B.); (O.P.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (C.S.); (A.P.-F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (O.C.); (R.E.)
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (O.C.); (R.E.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Saiz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.V.S.); (R.B.); (O.P.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (C.S.); (A.P.-F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (O.C.); (R.E.)
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Fidalgo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.V.S.); (R.B.); (O.P.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (C.S.); (A.P.-F.)
- CIBER Cáncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
- Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Alimentación, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.V.S.); (R.B.); (O.P.); (E.C.P.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (C.S.); (A.P.-F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (O.C.); (R.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-386-4800
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