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Ying J, Qin Y, Zhang F, Duan L, Cheng P, Yin M, Wang Y, Tong X, Huang J, Li Z, Song X, Zhang J. A weak allele of TGW5 enables greater seed propagation and efficient size-based seed sorting for hybrid rice production. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100811. [PMID: 38213029 PMCID: PMC11009153 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiezheng Ying
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yaobing Qin
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Fengyong Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Liu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Man Yin
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xiaohong Tong
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xianjun Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China.
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Ashraf H, Ghouri F, Baloch FS, Nadeem MA, Fu X, Shahid MQ. Hybrid Rice Production: A Worldwide Review of Floral Traits and Breeding Technology, with Special Emphasis on China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:578. [PMID: 38475425 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Rice is an important diet source for the majority of the world's population, and meeting the growing need for rice requires significant improvements at the production level. Hybrid rice production has been a significant breakthrough in this regard, and the floral traits play a major role in the development of hybrid rice. In grass species, rice has structural units called florets and spikelets and contains different floret organs such as lemma, palea, style length, anther, and stigma exsertion. These floral organs are crucial in enhancing rice production and uplifting rice cultivation at a broader level. Recent advances in breeding techniques also provide knowledge about different floral organs and how they can be improved by using biotechnological techniques for better production of rice. The rice flower holds immense significance and is the primary focal point for researchers working on rice molecular biology. Furthermore, the unique genetics of rice play a significant role in maintaining its floral structure. However, to improve rice varieties further, we need to identify the genomic regions through mapping of QTLs (quantitative trait loci) or by using GWAS (genome-wide association studies) and their validation should be performed by developing user-friendly molecular markers, such as Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP). This review outlines the role of different floral traits and the benefits of using modern biotechnological approaches to improve hybrid rice production. It focuses on how floral traits are interrelated and their possible contribution to hybrid rice production to satisfy future rice demand. We discuss the significance of different floral traits, techniques, and breeding approaches in hybrid rice production. We provide a historical perspective of hybrid rice production and its current status and outline the challenges and opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humera Ashraf
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fozia Ghouri
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Faheem Shehzad Baloch
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mersin University, Mersin 33100, Türkiye
| | - Muhammad Azhar Nadeem
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas 58140, Türkiye
| | - Xuelin Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Shahid
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Liu W, He G, Deng XW. Toward understanding and utilizing crop heterosis in the age of biotechnology. iScience 2024; 27:108901. [PMID: 38533455 PMCID: PMC10964264 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterosis, a universal phenomenon in nature, mainly reflected in the superior productivity, quality, and fitness of F1 hybrids compared with their inbred parents, has been exploited in agriculture and greatly benefited human society in terms of food security. However, the flexible and efficient utilization of heterosis has remained a challenge in hybrid breeding systems because of the limitations of "three-line" and "two-line" methods. In the past two decades, rapidly developed biotechnologies have provided unprecedented conveniences for both understanding and utilizing heterosis. Notably, "third-generation" (3G) hybrid breeding technology together with high-throughput sequencing and gene editing greatly promoted the efficiency of hybrid breeding. Here, we review emerging ideas about the genetic or molecular mechanisms of heterosis and the development of 3G hybrid breeding system in the age of biotechnology. In addition, we summarized opportunities and challenges for optimal heterosis utilization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Guangming He
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
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Wang X, Yuan S, Wang C, Yan W, Xie G, Wang C, Qiu S, Wu J, Deng XW, Xu C, Tang X. Construction of a Female Sterility Maintaining System Based on a Novel Mutation of the MEL2 Gene. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:12. [PMID: 38310612 PMCID: PMC10838886 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hybrid rice has significant yield advantage and stress tolerance compared with inbred rice. However, production of hybrid rice seeds requires extensive manual labors. Currently, hybrid rice seeds are produced by crosspollination of male sterile lines by fertile paternal lines. Because seeds from paternal lines can contaminate the hybrid seeds, mechanized production by mixed-seeding and mixed-harvesting is difficult. This problem can be solved if the paternal line is female sterile. RESULTS Here we identified a female infertile mutant named h569 carrying a novel mutation (A1106G) in the MEL2 gene that was previously reported to regulate meiosis entry both in male and female organs. h569 mutant is female infertile but male normal, suggesting that MEL2 regulates meiosis entry in male and female organs through distinct pathways. The MEL2 gene and h569 mutant gave us tools to construct female sterility maintaining systems that can be used for propagation of female sterile lines. We connected the wild-type MEL2 gene with pollen-killer gene ZmAA1 and seed-marker gene DsRed2 in one T-DNA cassette and transformed it into ZZH1607, a widely used restorer line. Transgenic line carrying a single transgene inserted in an intergenic region was selected to cross with h569 mutant. F2 progeny carrying homozygous A1106G mutation and hemizygous transgene displayed 1:1 segregation of fertile and infertile pollen grains and 1:1 segregation of fluorescent and non-fluorescent seeds upon self-fertilization. All of the non-fluorescent seeds generated female infertile plants, while the fluorescent seeds generated fertile plants that reproduced in the way as their previous generation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that the female sterility maintaining system constructed in the study can be used to breed and propagate paternal lines that are female infertile. The application of this system will enable mechanized production of hybrid rice seed by using the mixed-seeding and mixed harvesting approach, which will significantly reduce the cost in hybrid rice seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changjian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Xie
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cuifang Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, 518107, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunjue Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, 518107, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, 518107, Shenzhen, China.
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Xu Y, Yu D, Chen J, Duan M. A review of rice male sterility types and their sterility mechanisms. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18204. [PMID: 37519640 PMCID: PMC10372310 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Male sterility plays an important role in the utilization of heterosis in rice. The establishment of male sterile lines in rice is one of the key technologies in hybrid rice production systems. The currently widely used male sterile line breeding systems mainly include: three-line hybrid rice based on cytoplasmic male sterility, two-line hybrid rice based on environmental sensitive gene male sterility, and third-generation hybrid rice based on nuclear gene male sterility Seed production system. This study reviewed the types and mechanisms of male sterility in rice, and looked forward to the development direction of hybrid rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Xu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dong Yu
- Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Meijuan Duan
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Morita R, Crofts N, Miura S, Ikeda KI, Aoki N, Fukayama H, Fujita N. Characterization of the Functions of Starch Synthase IIIb Expressed in the Vegetative Organs of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:94-106. [PMID: 36222360 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice is the model C3 crop for investigating the starch biosynthesis mechanism in endosperm because of its importance in grain production. However, little is known about starch biosynthesis in the vegetative organs of rice. In this study, we used novel rice mutants by inserting Tos17 into the starch synthase (SS) IIIb gene, which is mainly expressed in the leaf sheath (LS) and leaf blade (LB), and an ss1 mutant to clarify the differences in roles among SS isozymes during starch biosynthesis. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)/activity staining for SS, using LS and LB of ss mutants, revealed that the lowest migrating SS activity bands on the gel were derived from SSIIIb activity and those of two ss3b mutants were not detected. The apparent amylose content of LS starch of ss3b mutants increased. Moreover, the chain-length distribution and size-exclusion chromatography analysis using ss mutants showed that SSIIIb and SSI synthesize the B2-B3 chain and A-B1 chain of amylopectin in the LS and LB respectively. Interestingly, we also found that starch contents were decreased in the LS and LB of ss3b mutants, although SSI deficiency did not affect the starch levels. All these results indicated that SSIIIb synthesizes the long chain of amylopectin in the LS and LB similar to SSIIIa in the endosperm, while SSI synthesizes the short chain in the vegetative organ as the same in the endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Morita
- Laboratory of Crop Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Naoko Crofts
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195 Japan
| | - Satoko Miura
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ikeda
- Laboratory of Stress Cytology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudai-chou, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Naohiro Aoki
- Laboratory of Crop Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukayama
- Laboratory of Tropical Crop Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudai-chou, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Naoko Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195 Japan
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Li W, Guo X, Wu W, Yu W, Li S, Luo D, Wang T, Zhu Q, Chen L, Lee D. Construction of a Novel Female Sterility System for Hybrid Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:815401. [PMID: 35185963 PMCID: PMC8850283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.815401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The main constraints of current hybrid rice technology using male sterility (MS) are the low yield and high labor costs of hybrid rice seed (HRS) production. Therefore, there is an urgent need for innovative new hybrid rice technology. Fortunately, we discovered a unique spontaneous sporophytic female-sterile rice mutant controlled by a single recessive locus in the nucleus. Because female-sterile mutant lines cannot produce any selfed-seeds but their pollen has totally normal functions, female sterility (FS) lines may be considered ideal pollen donors to replace the female-fertile pollen donor parent lines currently used in the HRS production. In this study, a genetically engineered FS-based system was constructed to propagate a pure transgene-free FS line using a bentazon herbicide screening. Additionally, the ability of the FS + MS (FM)-line system, with mixed plantings of FS and MS lines, to produce HRS was tested. The pilot field experiment results showed that HRS of the FM-line system was more efficient compared with the conventional FS to MS strip planting control mode. Thus, this study provides new insights into genetic engineering technology and a promising strategy for the utilization of FS in hybrid rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, China
| | - Weilin Yu
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, China
| | - Shichuan Li
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, China
| | - Di Luo
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, China
| | - Tianjie Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dongsun Lee
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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