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Zhu J, Stuetz RM, Hamilton L, Power K, Crosbie ND, Tamburic B. Management of biogenic taste and odour: From source water, through treatment processes and distribution systems, to consumers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116225. [PMID: 36115245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic taste and odour (T&O) have become a global concern for water utilities, due to the increasing frequency of algal blooms and other microbial events arising from the combined effects of climate change and eutrophication. Microbially-produced T&O compounds impact source waters, drinking water treatment plants, and drinking water distribution systems. It is important to manage across the entire biogenic T&O pathway to identify key risk factors and devise strategies that will safeguard the quality of drinking water in a changing world, since the presence of T&O impacts consumer confidence in drinking water safety. This study provides a critical review of current knowledge on T&O-causing microbes and compounds for proactive management, including the identification of abiotic risk factors in source waters, a discussion on the effectiveness of existing T&O barriers in drinking water treatment plants, an analysis of risk factors for biofilm growth in water distribution systems, and an assessment of the impacts of T&O on consumers. The fate of biogenic T&O in drinking water systems is tracked from microbial production pathways, through the release of intracellular T&O by cell lysis, to the treatment of microbial cells and dissolved T&O. Based on current knowledge, five impactful research and management directions across the T&O pathway are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhu
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard M Stuetz
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Kaye Power
- Sydney Water Corporation, Parramatta, NSW, 2150, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Crosbie
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia; Melbourne Water Corporation, Docklands, VIC, 3008, Australia
| | - Bojan Tamburic
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Rui M, Chen H, Ye Y, Deng H, Wang H. Effect of Flow Configuration on Nitrifiers in Biological Activated Carbon Filters for Potable Water Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14646-14655. [PMID: 33118354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Up-flow biological activated carbon (BAC) filters have been empirically employed in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) to address the challenges of its down-flow counterparts (e.g., high head loss and insufficient use of BAC beds), yet their performances and mechanisms toward ammonia removal are not fully evaluated. This study characterized the occurrence, distribution, and diversities of nitrifiers in up-flow and down-flow BAC filters by investigating 18 full-scale drinking water treatment trains in different geographic locations. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of gene markers of target microorganisms demonstrated higher numbers of total bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and Nitrospira in the up-flow filters relative to the down-flow filters (P < 0.05), implying enhanced biological activities and nitrification potential within up-flow filters. The dominance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) over AOB (i.e., 1.3-4.0 log10 gene copies higher) in 17 BAC filters illustrated the critical role of AOA in drinking water nitrification. Stratification of biomass was mainly found in the down-flow filters rather than the up-flow filters, suggesting better mixing of filter media across up-flow filter beds. Analysis of similarity results revealed that the AOA and Nitrospira community compositions were mainly affected by water sources and locations (P < 0.05) but not flow configurations. These results provide insight into nitrification mechanisms in BAC filters with different flow configurations in real-world DWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haoshen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinyin Ye
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Huiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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