Investigating the effect of outer layer of magnetic particles on cervical cancer cells HeLa by magnetic fluid hyperthermia

Nanoparticles based image-guided thermal therapy and temperature feedback

Nanoparticles have emerged as versatile tools in the realm of thermal therapy, offering precise control and feedback mechanisms for targeted treatments. This review explores the intersection of nanotechnology and thermal therapy, focusing on the utilization of nanoparticles for image-guided interventions and temperature monitoring. Starting with an exploration of local temperature dynamics compared to whole-body responses, we delve into the landscape of nanomaterials and their pivotal role in nanomedicine. Various physical stimuli employed in therapy and imaging are scrutinized, laying the foundation for nanothermal therapies and the accompanying challenges. A comprehensive analysis of nanomaterial architecture ensues, delineating the functionalities of magnetic, plasmonic, and luminescent nanomaterials within the context of thermal therapies. Nano-design intricacies, including core-shell structures and monodisperse properties, are dissected for their impact on therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, considerations in designing in vivo nanomaterials, such as hydrodynamic radii and core sizes at sub-tissue levels, are elucidated. The review then delves into specific modalities of thermally induced therapy, including magnetically induced hyperthermia and luminescent-based thermal treatments. Magnetic hyperthermia treatment is explored alongside its imaging and relaxometric properties, emphasizing the implications of imaging formulations on biotransformation and biodistribution. This review also provides an overview of the magnetic hyperthermia treatment using magnetic nanoparticles to induce localized heat in tissues. Similarly, optical and thermal imaging techniques utilizing luminescent nanomaterials are discussed, highlighting their potential for light-induced thermal therapy and cellular-level temperature monitoring. Finally, the application landscape of diagnosis and photothermal therapy (PTT) is surveyed, encompassing diverse areas such as cancer treatment, drug delivery, antibacterial therapy, and immunotherapy. The utility of nanothermometers in elucidating thermal relaxation dynamics as a diagnostic tool is underscored, alongside discussions on PTT hyperthermia protocols. Moreover, the advancements in nanoparticle magnetic imaging and implications of imaging formulations especially in creating positive MRI contrast agents are also presented. This comprehensive review offers insights into the evolving landscape of nanoparticle-based image-guided thermal therapies, promising advancements in precision medicine and targeted interventions, underscoring the importance of continued research in optimization for the full potential of magnetic hyperthermia to improve its efficacy and clinical translation.

Bioinspired Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles Based on Iron Oxides Using Orange Waste and Their Application as Photo-Activated Antibacterial Agents

Magnetic nanoparticles based on iron oxides (MNPs-Fe) have been proposed as photothermal agents (PTAs) within antibacterial photothermal therapy (PTT), aiming to counteract the vast health problem of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. We present a quick and easy green synthesis (GS) to prepare MNPs-Fe harnessing waste. Orange peel extract (organic compounds) was used as a reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent in the GS, which employed microwave (MW) irradiation to reduce the synthesis time. The produced weight, physical-chemical features and magnetic features of the MNPs-Fe were studied. Moreover, their cytotoxicity was assessed in animal cell line ATCC RAW 264.7, as well as their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. We found that the 50GS-MNPs-Fe sample (prepared by GS, with 50% v/v of NH₄OH and 50% v/v of orange peel extract) had an excellent mass yield. Its particle size was ~50 nm with the presence of an organic coating (terpenes or aldehydes). We believe that this coating improved the cell viability in extended periods (8 days) of cell culture with concentrations lower than 250 µg·mL^-1, with respect to the MNPs-Fe obtained by CO and single MW, but it did not influence the antibacterial effect. The bacteria inhibition was attributed to the plasmonic of 50GS-MNPs-Fe (photothermal effect) by irradiation with red light (630 nm, 65.5 mW·cm^-2, 30 min). We highlight the superparamagnetism of the 50GS-MNPs-Fe over 60 K in a broader temperature range than the MNPs-Fe obtained by CO (160.09 K) and MW (211.1 K). Therefore, 50GS-MNPs-Fe could be excellent candidates as broad-spectrum PTAs in antibacterial PTT. Furthermore, they might be employed in magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging, oncological treatments, and so on.

Functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis through ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation and performance as hyperthermic agents for biomedical applications

Dual-functional iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), displaying self-heating and antibacterial effects are highly desired for biomedical application. This study involved the synthesis of functionalized IONPs coated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and polyethylene glycol via ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation technique. The synthesized IONPs were then characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential, vibrating sample magnetometer and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. In addition, the effect of the synthesized IONPs on bacterial growth (S. aureus and E. coli) was studied. The influence of magnetic field power, as well as the viscous carriers on the heating efficiency of the synthesized IONPs was investigated. The specific absorption rate values increased as the power increased and decreased with the increase in the carrier viscosity. These characteristics render the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized in the present study suitable for biomedical application as hyperthermic agents.

An overview and bibliometric analysis on the colorectal cancer therapy by magnetic functionalized nanoparticles for the responsive and targeted drug delivery

With the growing demands for personalized medicine and medical devices, nanomedicine is a modern scientific field, and research continues to apply nanomaterials for therapeutic and damaged tissue diagnosis. In this regard, substantial progress has been made in synthesizing magnetic nanoparticles with desired sizes, chemical composition, morphologies, and surface chemistry. Among these materials, nanomagnetic iron oxides have demonstrated promise as unique drug delivery carriers due to cancer treatment. This carrier could lead to responsive properties to a specific trigger, including heat, pH, alternative magnetic field, or even enzymes, through functionalization and coating of magnetic nanoparticles, along with biocompatibility, good chemical stability, easy functionalization, simple processing, and ability to localize to the tumor site with the assistance of external magnetic field. Current studies have focused on magnetic nanoparticles' utilities in cancer therapy, especially for colorectal cancer. Additionally, a bibliometric investigation was performed on the public trends in the field of the magnetic nanoparticle to drug delivery and anticancer, which represented progressing applications of these carriers in the multidisciplinary zones with a general view on future research and identified potential opportunities and challenges. Furthermore, we outline the current challenges and forthcoming research perspective for high performance and fostering advanced MNPs in colorectal cancer treatment.