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Gallo C, Girón-Hernández J, Honey DA, Fox EM, Cassa MA, Tonda-Turo C, Camagnola I, Gentile P. Synergistic nanocoating with layer-by-layer functionalized PCL membranes enhanced by manuka honey and essential oils for advanced wound healing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20715. [PMID: 39237556 PMCID: PMC11377730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds represent a significant global health concern, statistically impacting 1-2% of the population in developed countries throughout their lifetimes. These wounds cause considerable discomfort for patients and necessitate substantial expenditures of time and resources for treatment. Among the emerging therapeutic approaches, medicated dressings incorporating bioactive molecules, including natural compounds, are particularly promising. Hence, the objective of this study was to develop novel antimicrobial dressings for wound treatment. Specifically, polycaprolactone membranes were manufactured using the electrospinning technique and subsequently coated with natural polyelectrolytes (chitosan as a polycation and a mixture of manuka honey with essential oils nanoemulsions as a polyanion) employing the Layer-by-Layer assembly technique. Physico-chemical and morphological characterization was conducted through QCM-D, FTIR-ATR, XPS, and SEM analyses. The results from SEM and QCM-D demonstrated successful layer deposition and coating formation. Furthermore, FTIR-ATR and XPS analyses distinguished among different coating compositions. The coated membranes were tested in the presence of fibroblast cells, demonstrating biocompatibility and expression of genes coding for VEGF, COL1, and TGF-β1, which are associated with the healing process (assessed through RT-qPCR analysis). Finally, the membranes exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with higher bacterial strain inhibition observed when cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion was incorporated. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential application of nanocoated membranes for biomedical applications, such as wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Gallo
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Joel Girón-Hernández
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Daisy A Honey
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Edward M Fox
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Maria A Cassa
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico Di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy
- Polito BIOMed Lab, Politecnico Di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Tonda-Turo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico Di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy
- Polito BIOMed Lab, Politecnico Di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Camagnola
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico Di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy
- Polito BIOMed Lab, Politecnico Di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Gentile
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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Abd-Rabou AA, Abdelaziz AM, Shaker OG, Ayeldeen G. Hyaluronated nanoparticles deliver raloxifene to CD44-expressed colon cancer cells and regulate lncRNAs/miRNAs epigenetic cascade. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023; 14:32. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-023-00183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Colorectal malignant cells (CRC) are one of the world’s main causes of cancer mortality and morbidity. Notwithstanding the plenty of anti-CRC therapeutics, its prognosis remains not selective owing to cancer resistance to these therapeutics. Raloxifene (RX), a medication firstly used to treat osteoporosis, was recently licenced for the prevention of CRC. Unfortunately, due to medication resistance, many RX-based therapies are likely to become ineffective. Recently, we identified a novel method of administration to lengthen the half-life of RX by mixing it with chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA). Thus, the rationale of the current study was to investigate how colon cancer cells were affected by RX-HA-CS nanoparticles (RX NPs) in terms of targetability, cytotoxicity, and epigenetic cascade alteration.
Results
RX NP had an entrapment efficiency (EE%) of 90.0 ± 8.12%. Compared to HCT 116 cells, Caco-2 cells were more susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of RX and its NP as well as they had a higher binding affinity to CD44 receptors compared to normal WI-38 cells. In comparison to the free RX, the RX NP’s cytotoxic fold changes in HCT 116 and Caco-2 cells were 2.16 and 2.52, respectively. Furthermore, the epigenetic cascade of some noncoding RNAs was examined. Moreover, particular protein concentrations were investigated in all tested cells after application of the proposed therapies. Our results showed that the RX NP recorded higher remarkable cytotoxic impact on CRC cells compared to the free RX. Intriguingly, it was hypothesized that RX nanoparticles attacked colon cancerous cells by up-regulating miR-944 and E-cadherin (ECN) expressions, while down-regulating the expressions of PPARγ, YKL-40, VEGF, H-19, LINC00641, HULC, HOTTIP, miR-92a, miR-200, and miR-21.
Conclusions
We may conclude that the RX NP effectively targets CRC cells in vitro via altering lncRNAs and miRNAs epigenetic cascade as well as cellular uptake through CD44-expressed CRC cells.
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Doghish AS, Shehabeldine AM, El-Mahdy HA, Hassanin MMH, Al-Askar AA, Marey SA, AbdElgawad H, Hashem AH. Thymus Vulgaris Oil Nanoemulsion: Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:6910. [PMID: 37836753 PMCID: PMC10574288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oil nanoemulsions have received much attention due to their biological activities. Thus, a thyme essential oil nanoemulsion (Th-nanoemulsion) was prepared using a safe and eco-friendly method. DLS and TEM were used to characterize the prepared Th-nanoemulsion. Our findings showed that the nanoemulsion was spherical and ranged in size from 20 to 55.2 nm. The micro-broth dilution experiment was used to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of a Th-emulsion and the Th-nanoemulsion. The MIC50 values of the thymol nanoemulsion were 62.5 mg/mL against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca, 250 mg/mL against Bacillus cereus, and 125 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. Meanwhile, it emerged that the MIC50 values of thymol against four strains were not detected. Moreover, the Th-nanoemulsion exhibited promising antifungal activity toward A. brasiliensis and A. fumigatus, where inhibition zones and MIC50 were 20.5 ± 1.32 and 26.4 ± 1.34 mm, and 12.5 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the Th-nanoemulsion displayed weak antifungal activity toward C. albicans where the inhibition zone was 12.0 ± 0.90 and MIC was 50 mg/mL. Also, the Th-emulsion exhibited antifungal activity, but lower than that of the Th-nanoemulsion, toward all the tested fungal strains, where MIC was in the range of 12.5-50 mg/mL. The in vitro anticancer effects of Taxol, Th-emulsion, and Th-nanoemulsion were evaluated using the standard MTT method against breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2). Additionally, the concentration of VEGFR-2 was measured, and the activities of caspase-8 (casp-8) and caspase-9 (casp-9) were evaluated. The cytotoxic effect was the most potent against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line after the Th-nanoemulsion treatment (20.1 ± 0.85 µg/mL), and was 125.1 ± 5.29 µg/mL after the Th-emulsion treatment. The lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value, 20.1 ± 0.85 µg/mL, was achieved when the MCF-7 cell line was treated with the Th-nanoemulsion. In addition, Th-nanoemulsion treatments on MCF-7 cells led to the highest elevations in casp-8 and casp-9 activities (0.66 ± 0.042 ng/mL and 17.8 ± 0.39 pg/mL, respectively) compared to those with Th-emulsion treatments. In comparison to that with the Th-emulsion (0.982 0.017 ng/mL), the VEGFR-2 concentration was lower with the Th-nanoemulsion treatment (0.672 ± 0.019ng/mL). In conclusion, the Th-nanoemulsion was successfully prepared and appeared in nanoform with a spherical shape according to DLS and TEM, and also exhibited antibacterial, antifungal, as well as anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo 11829, Egypt;
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Egypt;
| | - Amr M. Shehabeldine
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt
| | - Hesham A. El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud M. H. Hassanin
- Ornamental, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Disease Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-A.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Samy A. Marey
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-A.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Amr H. Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt
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Jampilek J, Kralova K. Anticancer Applications of Essential Oils Formulated into Lipid-Based Delivery Nanosystems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2681. [PMID: 36559176 PMCID: PMC9781429 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural compounds is becoming increasingly popular among patients, and there is a renewed interest among scientists in nature-based bioactive agents. Traditionally, herbal drugs can be taken directly in the form of teas/decoctions/infusions or as standardized extracts. However, the disadvantages of natural compounds, especially essential oils, are their instability, limited bioavailability, volatility, and often irritant/allergenic potential. However, these active substances can be stabilized by encapsulation and administered in the form of nanoparticles. This brief overview summarizes the latest results of the application of nanoemulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers used as drug delivery systems of herbal essential oils or used directly for their individual secondary metabolites applicable in cancer therapy. Although the discussed bioactive agents are not typical compounds used as anticancer agents, after inclusion into the aforesaid formulations improving their stability and bioavailability and/or therapeutic profile, they indicated anti-tumor activity and became interesting agents with cancer treatment potential. In addition, co-encapsulation of essential oils with synthetic anticancer drugs into nanoformulations with the aim to achieve synergistic effect in chemotherapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kralova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Abd-Rabou AA, Edris AE. Frankincense essential oil nanoemulsion specifically induces lung cancer apoptosis and inhibits survival pathways. Cancer Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-022-00128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The volatile fraction of frankincense (Boswellia sacra) oleogum was extracted, formulated in nanoemulsion and tested against lung cancer A549 cell line. First, the gum was hydro-distilled to isolate the volatile fraction (essential oil), which was analyzed via gas chromatography to identify its major volatile constituents. Then, the oil was formulated in two water-based nanoemulsions which differ from one another in the presence of propylene glycol (PG), which is used in the formulation step as a co-surfactant. The pure essential oil as well as its major volatile compound (α-pinene), its two nanoemulsions and a reference drug (Doxorubicin) were evaluated against lung cancer A549 cell lines and WI-38 normal lung cells. The evaluation included cytotoxicity (MTT and IC50), apoptosis (flow cytometric analysis) in addition to genetic assessments for some intrinsic and extrinsic genes relevant to apoptosis and survival pathways.
Results
Chromatographic analysis of frankincense essential oil revealed that α-pinene is the major volatile compound which constituent about 60% of that oil. Emulsification of the oil using the low energy technique gave nanoemulsions having major intense particles population (85–90%) with z-average diameter below 20.0 nm. Frankincense oil nanoemulsion fabricated with (PG) showed the best cytotoxic activity toward lung cancer A549 cell compared to PG-free nanoemulsion, α-pinene and the reference drug doxorubicin, along different incubation periods. Flow cytometric analysis also indicated that PG-containing nanoemulsion can induce cancer cells toward apoptosis better than the other formula and the pure oils. The same nanoemulsion was found to upregulate the pro-apoptotic genes [DR5, FAAD, Caspase 8 (Cas8), p53, and Bax] and downregulate the anti-apoptotic and reoccurrence genes (Bcl-2, NF-kB, and STAT-3). Most importantly, the PG-containing nanoemulsion had the least cytotoxic effect on the normal WI-38 lung cells.
Conclusions
These results point out to the potentials of frankincense essential oil (rich in α-pinene) and its PG-nanoemulsion as a promising adjuvant from plant-source to potentiate the activity of the systematic anti-lung cancer drugs.
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Manaa AO, Baghdadi HH, El‐Nikhely NA, Heikal LA, El-Hosseiny LS. Oregano oil-nanoemulsions: Formulation and evaluation of antibacterial and anticancer potentials. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Implication of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in the targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma using aptamer-labeled viramidine nanoparticles. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1106. [PMID: 36309655 PMCID: PMC9617343 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem with regional differences in epidemiological statistics. Co-assembling the drug nanoparticles and targeting moieties could improve the therapeutic delivery of anti-cancer drugs. In this attempt, we tracked the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in HCC cells using viramidine (VRM)-loaded aptamer (APT) nanoparticles. In these NPs, both APT and VRM act as targeted ligands/drugs to HCC cells. The NPs were characterized using TEM, ESI–MS, FTIR, and 1H NMR. The results showed uniform particles with round and smooth shapes on the nano-scale. SRB-based cytotoxicity was performed and IC50 values were measured for HCC versus normal cells upon the proposed treatments. The flow cytometry technique was applied to determine apoptosis, then confirmed using genetic and protein analyses. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) and its enzyme (iNOS) were analyzed to examine the effect of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) on apoptosis induction. The present findings indicated that Huh-7 cells were more sensitive to APT-VRM NPs than HepG2 cells, recording the lowest IC50 values (11.23 ± 0.23 µM and 16.69 ± 1.12 µM), as well as the highest significant increase in the apoptotic cells (61.5% and 42%), respectively. Intriguingely, normal BHK-21 cells recorded undetectable IC50 values in the applied NPs, confirming their targeted delivery ability. The genetic expression and protein levels of c-FLIP, Bcl-2, and TNF-α were down-regulated, while FADD, caspase 8, caspase 3, caspase 9, and Bax were up-regulated upon treatment with APT-VRM NPs. The prepared VRM NPs labeled with APT could significantly elevate NO via activation of iNOS. In conclusion, APT-VRM NPs bioconjugate interferes with HCC cells through NO-mediated extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis.
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Hashim AF, Abd-Rabou AA, El-Sayed HS. Functional nanoemulsion and nanocomposite microparticles as an anticolorectal cancer and antimicrobial agent: applied in yogurt. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-03313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractGreat concern for human health has led the food industry to focus on functional products. Microparticles based on nanoemulsions (M1) and nanocomposites (M2) were developed to deliver vital agents against colorectal cancer and microbial infection. The functional microparticles were prepared by coating extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), probiotics, and fig leaves extract with sodium alginate (SA) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) using the freeze drying technique. The antimicrobial, cytotoxic, apoptotic, encapsulation efficiency (EE %), release rate, and antioxidant activity were investigated. The yogurt was loaded with microparticles and evaluated microbiology, chemically, and sensory during storage. The results showed that the size of nanoemulsion and nanocomposite was between 476.1 and 517.7 nm, while the zeta potentials were −30.1 and −34.5 mV, respectively. M2 microparticles recorded the lowest IC50 values against human colorectal cancerous Caco-2 and HCT 116 cell lines: 1.10 μg/mL and 15.34 μg/mL, respectively. The inhibition zones were between 11 to 20 and 9 to 18 mm for M1 and M2, respectively. The highest EE% was 89.20% for EVOO and 91.34% for probiotics in M2 microparticles. The induction period of the EVOO from M1 and M2 microparticles was 15.37 h and 13.09 h, respectively. The antioxidant activity was between 78 and 65.8% for M1 and M2 microparticles, respectively. The probiotics in yogurt with microparticles were more than un-coated cells, and the taste of these samples was acceptable during storage. This study suggests that microencapsulation could be considered an interesting therapeutic tool when EVOO and probiotics are used in functional food.
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Emara EM, El‐Sayed WA, Khalaf‐Allah ASA, Alminderej FM, Abdel‐Monem YK, Abd‐Rabou AA. Spectral studies, thermal investigations and anticancer activity of some divalent metal complexes derived from 2‐(4‐bromophenylamino)acetohydrazide ligand. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esam M. Emara
- Plants Protection Researches Institute, Agricultural Researches Center Giza Egypt
| | - Wael A. El‐Sayed
- Photochemistry Department, National Researches Center, Dokki Giza Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Qassim University Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed A. Abd‐Rabou
- Hormones Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, & Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center Giza Egypt
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da Silva BD, do Rosário DKA, Weitz DA, Conte-Junior CA. Essential oil nanoemulsions: Properties, development, and application in meat and meat products. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Selective Viramidine-Loaded Aptamer-Nanoparticles Trigger Cell Cycle Arrest in Nucleolin-Expressed Hepatoma Cells Through Modulation of CDC25A/p53/PI3k Pathway. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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