1
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Watson PR, Christianson DW. Structure and Function of Kdac1, a Class II Deacetylase from the Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. Biochemistry 2023; 62:2689-2699. [PMID: 37624144 PMCID: PMC10528293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics studies indicate that 10% of proteins in the opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii are acetylated, suggesting that lysine acetyltransferases and deacetylases function to maintain and regulate a robust bacterial acetylome. As the first step in exploring these fascinating prokaryotic enzymes, we now report the preparation and characterization of the lysine deacetylase Kdac1. We show that Kdac1 catalyzes the deacetylation of free acetyllysine and acetyllysine tetrapeptide assay substrates, and we also report the X-ray crystal structures of unliganded Kdac1 as well as its complex with the hydroxamate inhibitor Citarinostat. Kdac1 is a tetramer in solution and in the crystal; the crystal structure reveals that the L1 loop functions to stabilize quaternary structure, forming inter-subunit hydrogen bonds and salt bridges around a central arginine residue (R30). Surprisingly, the L1 loop partially blocks entry to the active site, but it is sufficiently flexible to allow for the binding of two Citarinostat molecules in the active site. The L12 loop is also important for maintaining quaternary structure; here, a conserved arginine (R278) accepts hydrogen bonds from the backbone carbonyl groups of residues in an adjacent monomer. Structural comparisons with two other prokaryotic lysine deacetylases reveal conserved residues in the L1 and L12 loops that similarly support tetramer assembly. These studies provide a structural foundation for understanding enzymes that regulate protein function in bacteria through reversible lysine acetylation, serving as a first step in the exploration of these enzymes as possible targets for the development of new antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paris R. Watson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
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2
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Zou S, Li X, Huang Y, Zhang B, Tang H, Xue Y, Zheng Y. Properties and biotechnological applications of microbial deacetylase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12613-1. [PMID: 37326683 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Deacetylases, a class of enzymes that can catalyze the hydrolysis of acetylated substrates to remove the acetyl group, used in producing various products with high qualities, are one of the most influential industrial enzymes. These enzymes are highly specific, non-toxic, sustainable, and eco-friendly biocatalysts. Deacetylases and deacetylated compounds have been widely applicated in pharmaceuticals, medicine, food, and the environment. This review synthetically summarizes deacetylases' sources, characterizations, classifications, and applications. Moreover, the typical structural characteristics of deacetylases from different microbial sources are summarized. We also reviewed the deacetylase-catalyzed reactions for producing various deacetylated compounds, such as chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS), mycothiol, 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), glucosamines, amino acids, and polyamines. It is aimed to expound on the advantages and challenges of deacetylases in industrial applications. Moreover, it also serves perspectives on obtaining promising and innovative biocatalysts for enzymatic deacetylation. KEYPOINTS: • The fundamental properties of microbial deacetylases of various microorganisms are presented. • The biochemical characterizations, structures, and catalyzation mechanisms of microbial deacetylases are summarized. • The applications of microbial deacetylases in food, pharmaceutical, medicine, and the environment were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfeng Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Tang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Xue
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
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3
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Sarabando SN, Palmeira A, Sousa ME, Faustino MAF, Monteiro CJP. Photomodulation Approaches to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:682. [PMID: 37242465 PMCID: PMC10221556 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopharmacology is an approach that aims to be an alternative to classical chemotherapy. Herein, the different classes of photoswitches and photocleavage compounds and their biological applications are described. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) containing azobenzene moieties (PHOTACs) and photocleavable protecting groups (photocaged PROTACs) are also mentioned. Furthermore, porphyrins are referenced as successful photoactive compounds in a clinical context, such as in the photodynamic therapy of tumours as well as preventing antimicrobial resistance, namely in bacteria. Porphyrins combining photoswitches and photocleavage systems are highlighted, taking advantage of both photopharmacology and photodynamic action. Finally, porphyrins with antibacterial activity are described, taking advantage of the synergistic effect of photodynamic treatment and antibiotic therapy to overcome bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia N. Sarabando
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.S.); (A.P.)
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.S.); (A.P.)
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.S.); (A.P.)
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Carlos J. P. Monteiro
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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4
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Functional polyamine metabolic enzymes and pathways encoded by the virosphere. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214165120. [PMID: 36802435 PMCID: PMC9992855 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214165120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses produce more viruses by manipulating the metabolic and replication systems of their host cells. Many have acquired metabolic genes from ancestral hosts and use the encoded enzymes to subvert host metabolism. The polyamine spermidine is required for bacteriophage and eukaryotic virus replication, and herein, we have identified and functionally characterized diverse phage- and virus-encoded polyamine metabolic enzymes and pathways. These include pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), pyruvoyl-dependent ODC and arginine decarboxylase (ADC), arginase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC/speD), spermidine synthase, homospermidine synthase, spermidine N-acetyltransferase, and N-acetylspermidine amidohydrolase. We identified homologs of the spermidine-modified translation factor eIF5a encoded by giant viruses of the Imitervirales. Although AdoMetDC/speD is prevalent among marine phages, some homologs have lost AdoMetDC activity and have evolved into pyruvoyl-dependent ADC or ODC. The pelagiphages that encode the pyruvoyl-dependent ADCs infect the abundant ocean bacterium Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique, which we have found encodes a PLP-dependent ODC homolog that has evolved into an ADC, indicating that infected cells would contain both PLP- and pyruvoyl-dependent ADCs. Complete or partial spermidine or homospermidine biosynthetic pathways are found encoded in the giant viruses of the Algavirales and Imitervirales, and in addition, some viruses of the Imitervirales can release spermidine from the inactive N-acetylspermidine. In contrast, diverse phages encode spermidine N-acetyltransferase that can sequester spermidine into its inactive N-acetyl form. Together, the virome-encoded enzymes and pathways for biosynthesis and release or biochemical sequestration of spermidine or its structural analog homospermidine consolidate and expand evidence supporting an important and global role of spermidine in virus biology.
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5
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Bacterial communication in the regulation of stress response in Listeria monocytogenes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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6
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Lammers M. Post-translational Lysine Ac(et)ylation in Bacteria: A Biochemical, Structural, and Synthetic Biological Perspective. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:757179. [PMID: 34721364 PMCID: PMC8556138 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.757179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ac(et)ylation is a post-translational modification present in all domains of life. First identified in mammals in histones to regulate RNA synthesis, today it is known that is regulates fundamental cellular processes also in bacteria: transcription, translation, metabolism, cell motility. Ac(et)ylation can occur at the ε-amino group of lysine side chains or at the α-amino group of a protein. Furthermore small molecules such as polyamines and antibiotics can be acetylated and deacetylated enzymatically at amino groups. While much research focused on N-(ε)-ac(et)ylation of lysine side chains, much less is known about the occurrence, the regulation and the physiological roles on N-(α)-ac(et)ylation of protein amino termini in bacteria. Lysine ac(et)ylation was shown to affect protein function by various mechanisms ranging from quenching of the positive charge, increasing the lysine side chains’ size affecting the protein surface complementarity, increasing the hydrophobicity and by interfering with other post-translational modifications. While N-(ε)-lysine ac(et)ylation was shown to be reversible, dynamically regulated by lysine acetyltransferases and lysine deacetylases, for N-(α)-ac(et)ylation only N-terminal acetyltransferases were identified and so far no deacetylases were discovered neither in bacteria nor in mammals. To this end, N-terminal ac(et)ylation is regarded as being irreversible. Besides enzymatic ac(et)ylation, recent data showed that ac(et)ylation of lysine side chains and of the proteins N-termini can also occur non-enzymatically by the high-energy molecules acetyl-coenzyme A and acetyl-phosphate. Acetyl-phosphate is supposed to be the key molecule that drives non-enzymatic ac(et)ylation in bacteria. Non-enzymatic ac(et)ylation can occur site-specifically with both, the protein primary sequence and the three dimensional structure affecting its efficiency. Ac(et)ylation is tightly controlled by the cellular metabolic state as acetyltransferases use ac(et)yl-CoA as donor molecule for the ac(et)ylation and sirtuin deacetylases use NAD+ as co-substrate for the deac(et)ylation. Moreover, the accumulation of ac(et)yl-CoA and acetyl-phosphate is dependent on the cellular metabolic state. This constitutes a feedback control mechanism as activities of many metabolic enzymes were shown to be regulated by lysine ac(et)ylation. Our knowledge on lysine ac(et)ylation significantly increased in the last decade predominantly due to the huge methodological advances that were made in fields such as mass-spectrometry, structural biology and synthetic biology. This also includes the identification of additional acylations occurring on lysine side chains with supposedly different regulatory potential. This review highlights recent advances in the research field. Our knowledge on enzymatic regulation of lysine ac(et)ylation will be summarized with a special focus on structural and mechanistic characterization of the enzymes, the mechanisms underlying non-enzymatic/chemical ac(et)ylation are explained, recent technological progress in the field are presented and selected examples highlighting the important physiological roles of lysine ac(et)ylation are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lammers
- Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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7
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Comparative genomics of the sequential Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained from the continuous imipenem stress evolution. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10655-10667. [PMID: 33151366 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major opportunistic human pathogen that causes nosocomial infections, and the proportion of carbapenem resistance has recently dramatically increased in P. aeruginosa due to the overuse of them. In this study, strains G10 and G20, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of imipenem of 16 μg/ml and more than 32 μg/ml, were isolated during continuous subculture of cells exposed to stepwise increasing concentrations of imipenem, respectively. The genomes of G10 and G20 were sequenced and compared with parental strain (P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, G0). There were 59, 59, and 58 genes involved in antibiotic resistance which were predicted in G0, G10, and G20, respectively, while 374, 366, and 363 genes involved in virulence factors were identified among these three strains. Due to the significantly different MICs of imipenem and highly similar profiles of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors related genes among three strains, the specific genetic variations that occurred were identified and compared, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions and deletions (InDels), and structural variations (SVs). The increase in the MIC of imipenem was proposed to be linked to mutations involved in polyamine biosynthesis, biofilm formation, OprD, and efflux pump functions. This study aims to clarify the underlying mechanism of imipenem resistance and provide alternative strategies for reducing resistance in P. aeruginosa. KEY POINTS: • Strains with different imipenem MIC were obtained via laboratory selection evolution. • Whole genomes of two strains with different MIC of imipenem were sequenced. • Underlying mechanism of imipenem resistance was clarified via comparative genomics.
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8
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Banerji R, Kanojiya P, Saroj SD. Role of interspecies bacterial communication in the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:136-146. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1735991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajashri Banerji
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Poonam Kanojiya
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Sunil D. Saroj
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
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9
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Luengo JM, Olivera ER. Catabolism of biogenic amines in Pseudomonas species. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:1174-1192. [PMID: 31912965 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs; 2-phenylethylamine, tyramine, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, octopamine, histamine, tryptamine, serotonin, agmatine, cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine and certain aliphatic amines) are widely distributed organic molecules that play basic physiological functions in animals, plants and microorganisms. Pseudomonas species can grow in media containing different BAs as carbon and energy sources, a reason why these bacteria are excellent models for studying such catabolic pathways. In this review, we analyse most of the routes used by different species of Pseudomonas (P. putida, P. aeruginosa, P. entomophila and P. fluorescens) to degrade BAs. Analysis of these pathways has led to the identification of a huge number of genes, catabolic enzymes, transport systems and regulators, as well as to understanding of their hierarchy and functional evolution. Knowledge of these pathways has allowed the design and collection of genetically manipulated microbes useful for eliminating BAs from different sources, highlighting the biotechnological applications of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Luengo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultades de Veterinaria y de Biología, Universidad de León, 24007, León, Spain
| | - Elías R Olivera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultades de Veterinaria y de Biología, Universidad de León, 24007, León, Spain
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10
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Zepon KM, Martins MM, Marques MS, Heckler JM, Dal Pont Morisso F, Moreira MG, Ziulkoski AL, Kanis LA. Smart wound dressing based on κ–carrageenan/locust bean gum/cranberry extract for monitoring bacterial infections. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:362-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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11
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The thermodynamic signature of ligand binding to histone deacetylase-like amidohydrolases is most sensitive to the flexibility in the L2-loop lining the active site pocket. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1855-1863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Meyners C, Wolff B, Kleinschek A, Krämer A, Meyer-Almes FJ. Perfluorinated hydroxamic acids are potent and selective inhibitors of HDAC-like enzymes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1508-1512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Weston CE, Krämer A, Colin F, Yildiz Ö, Baud MGJ, Meyer-Almes FJ, Fuchter MJ. Toward Photopharmacological Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Using Photoswitchable Amidohydrolase Inhibitors. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:152-161. [PMID: 27756124 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photopharmacological agents exhibit light-dependent biological activity and may have potential in the development of new antimicrobial agents/modalities. Amidohydrolase enzymes homologous to the well-known human histone deacetylases (HDACs) are present in bacteria, including resistant organisms responsible for a significant number of hospital-acquired infections and deaths. We report photopharmacological inhibitors of these enzymes, using two classes of photoswitches embedded in the inhibitor pharmacophore: azobenzenes and arylazopyrazoles. Although both classes of inhibitor show excellent inhibitory activity (nM IC50 values) of the target enzymes and promising differential activity of the switchable E- and Z-isomeric forms, the arylazopyrazoles exhibit better intrinsic photoswitch performance (more complete switching, longer thermal lifetime of the Z-isomer). We also report protein-ligand crystal structures of the E-isomers of both an azobenzene and an arylazopyrazole inhibitor, bound to bacterial histone deacetylase-like amidohydrolases (HDAHs). These structures not only uncover interactions important for inhibitor binding but also reveal conformational differences between the two photoswitch inhibitor classes. As such, our data may pave the way for the design of improved photopharmacological agents targeting the HDAC superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Weston
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Krämer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and
Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Haardtring 100, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Felix Colin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and
Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Haardtring 100, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Özkan Yildiz
- Department
of Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics, Max von
Laue Strasse 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias G. J. Baud
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and
Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Haardtring 100, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Matthew J. Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Krämer A, Wagner T, Yildiz Ö, Meyer-Almes FJ. Crystal Structure of a Histone Deacetylase Homologue from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochemistry 2016; 55:6858-6868. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Krämer
- University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Wagner
- University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Özkan Yildiz
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Department
of Structural Biology, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
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