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Bardwell B, Bay J, Colburn Z. The clinical applications of immunosequencing. Curr Res Transl Med 2024; 72:103439. [PMID: 38447267 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2024.103439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Technological advances in high-throughput sequencing have opened the door for the interrogation of adaptive immune responses at unprecedented scale. It is now possible to determine the sequences of antibodies or T-cell receptors produced by individual B and T cells in a sample. This capability, termed immunosequencing, has transformed the study of both infectious and non-infectious diseases by allowing the tracking of dynamic changes in B and T cell clonal populations over time. This has improved our understanding of the pathology of cancers, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. However, to date there has been only limited clinical adoption of the technology. Advances over the last decade and on the horizon that reduce costs and improve interpretability could enable widespread clinical use. Many clinical applications have been proposed and, while most are still undergoing research and development, some methods relying on immunosequencing data have been implemented, the most widespread of which is the detection of measurable residual disease. Here, we review the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications of immunosequencing for both infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bardwell
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA
| | - J Bay
- Department of Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA
| | - Z Colburn
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA.
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2
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Kotouza MT, Gemenetzi K, Galigalidou C, Vlachonikola E, Pechlivanis N, Agathangelidis A, Sandaltzopoulos R, Mitkas PA, Stamatopoulos K, Chatzidimitriou A, Psomopoulos FE. TRIP - T cell receptor/immunoglobulin profiler. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:422. [PMID: 32993478 PMCID: PMC7525938 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antigen receptors are characterized by an extreme diversity of specificities, which poses major computational and analytical challenges, particularly in the era of high-throughput immunoprofiling by next generation sequencing (NGS). The T cell Receptor/Immunoglobulin Profiler (TRIP) tool offers the opportunity for an in-depth analysis based on the processing of the output files of the IMGT/HighV-Quest tool, a standard in NGS immunoprofiling, through a number of interoperable modules. These provide detailed information about antigen receptor gene rearrangements, including variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) gene usage, CDR3 amino acid and nucleotide composition and clonality of both T cell receptors (TR) and B cell receptor immunoglobulins (BcR IG), and characteristics of the somatic hypermutation within the BcR IG genes. TRIP is a web application implemented in R shiny. Results Two sets of experiments have been performed in order to evaluate the efficiency and performance of the TRIP tool. The first used a number of synthetic datasets, ranging from 250k to 1M sequences, and established the linear response time of the tool (about 6 h for 1M sequences processed through the entire BcR IG data pipeline). The reproducibility of the tool was tested comparing the results produced by the main TRIP workflow with the results from a previous pipeline used on the Galaxy platform. As expected, no significant differences were noted between the two tools; although the preselection process seems to be stricter within the TRIP pipeline, about 0.1% more rearrangements were filtered out, with no impact on the final results. Conclusions TRIP is a software framework that provides analytical services on antigen receptor gene sequence data. It is accurate and contains functions for data wrangling, cleaning, analysis and visualization, enabling the user to build a pipeline tailored to their needs. TRIP is publicly available at https://bio.tools/TRIP_-_T-cell_Receptor_Immunoglobulin_Profiler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Th Kotouza
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Katerina Gemenetzi
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Chrysi Galigalidou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Elisavet Vlachonikola
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Pechlivanis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Andreas Agathangelidis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Raphael Sandaltzopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Pericles A Mitkas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Anastasia Chatzidimitriou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Fotis E Psomopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece. .,Dept of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Vardi A, Vlachonikola E, Papazoglou D, Psomopoulos F, Kotta K, Ioannou N, Galigalidou C, Gemenetzi K, Pasentsis K, Kotouza M, Koravou E, Scarfó L, Iskas M, Stavroyianni N, Ghia P, Anagnostopoulos A, Kouvatsi A, Ramsay AG, Stamatopoulos K, Chatzidimitriou A. T-Cell Dynamics in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia under Different Treatment Modalities. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4958-4969. [PMID: 32616500 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we recently documented T-cell oligoclonality in treatment-naïve chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), with evidence indicating T-cell selection by restricted antigens. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, we sought to comprehensively assess T-cell repertoire changes during treatment in relation to (i) treatment type [fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab (FCR) versus ibrutinib (IB) versus rituximab-idelalisib (R-ID)], and (ii) clinical response, by combining NGS immunoprofiling, flow cytometry, and functional bioassays. RESULTS T-cell clonality significantly increased at (i) 3 months in the FCR and R-ID treatment groups, and (ii) over deepening clinical response in the R-ID group, with a similar trend detected in the IB group. Notably, in constrast to FCR that induced T-cell repertoire reconstitution, B-cell receptor signaling inhibitors (BcRi) preserved pretreatment clones. Extensive comparisons both within CLL as well as against T-cell receptor sequence databases showed little similarity with other entities, but instead revealed major clonotypes shared exclusively by patients with CLL, alluding to selection by conserved CLL-associated antigens. We then evaluated the functional effect of treatments on T cells and found that (i) R-ID upregulated the expression of activation markers in effector memory T cells, and (ii) both BcRi improved antitumor T-cell immune synapse formation, in marked contrast to FCR. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our NGS immunoprofiling data suggest that BcRi retain T-cell clones that may have developed against CLL-associated antigens. Phenotypic and immune synapse bioassays support a concurrent restoration of functionality, mostly evident for R-ID, arguably contributing to clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vardi
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisavet Vlachonikola
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Papazoglou
- Lymphoma Immunology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fotis Psomopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kostantia Kotta
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Ioannou
- Lymphoma Immunology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chrysi Galigalidou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Katerina Gemenetzi
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Maria Kotouza
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evdoxia Koravou
- Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lydia Scarfó
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Michail Iskas
- Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Niki Stavroyianni
- Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anastasia Kouvatsi
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alan G Ramsay
- Lymphoma Immunology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasia Chatzidimitriou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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López-Santibáñez-Jácome L, Avendaño-Vázquez SE, Flores-Jasso CF. The Pipeline Repertoire for Ig-Seq Analysis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:899. [PMID: 31114573 PMCID: PMC6503734 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of high-throughput sequencing of immunoglobulin genes (Ig-Seq), the understanding of antibody repertoires and their dynamics among individuals and populations has become an exciting area of research. There is an increasing number of computational tools that aid in every step of the immune repertoire characterization. However, since not all tools function identically, every pipeline has its unique rationale and capabilities, creating a rich blend of useful features that may appear intimidating for newcomer laboratories with the desire to plunge into immune repertoire analysis to expand and improve their research; hence, all pipeline strengths and differences may not seem evident. In this review we provide a practical and organized list of the current set of computational tools, focusing on their most attractive features and differences in order to carry out the characterization of antibody repertoires so that the reader better decides a strategic approach for the experimental design, and computational pathways for the analyses of immune repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura López-Santibáñez-Jácome
- Consorcio de Metabolismo de RNA, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Maestría en Ciencia de Datos, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Shah HB, Smith K, Wren JD, Webb CF, Ballard JD, Bourn RL, James JA, Lang ML. Insights From Analysis of Human Antigen-Specific Memory B Cell Repertoires. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3064. [PMID: 30697210 PMCID: PMC6340933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells that are generated during an infection or following vaccination act as sentinels to guard against future infections. Upon repeat antigen exposure memory B cells differentiate into new antibody-secreting plasma cells to provide rapid and sustained protection. Some pathogens evade or suppress the humoral immune system, or induce memory B cells with a diminished ability to differentiate into new plasma cells. This leaves the host vulnerable to chronic or recurrent infections. Single cell approaches coupled with next generation antibody gene sequencing facilitate a detailed analysis of the pathogen-specific memory B cell repertoire. Monoclonal antibodies that are generated from antibody gene sequences allow a functional analysis of the repertoire. This review discusses what has been learned thus far from analysis of diverse pathogen-specific memory B cell compartments and describes major differences in their repertoires. Such information may illuminate ways to advance the goal of improving vaccine and therapeutic antibody design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemangi B Shah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kenneth Smith
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Carol F Webb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Cell Biology and Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jimmy D Ballard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Rebecka L Bourn
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Judith A James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Mark L Lang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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