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Martin EJ, Speak SA, Urban L, Morales HE, van Oosterhout C. Sonification of Genomic Data to Represent Genetic Load in Zoo Populations. Zoo Biol 2024. [PMID: 39228291 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining a diverse gene pool is important in the captive management of zoo populations, especially in endangered species such as the pink pigeon (Nesoenas mayeri). However, due to the limited number of breeding individuals and relaxed natural selection, the loss of variation and accumulation of harmful variants is inevitable. Inbreeding results in a loss of fitness (i.e., inbreeding depression), principally because related parents are more likely to transmit a copy of the same recessive deleterious genetic variant to their offspring. Genomics-informed captive breeding can manage harmful variants by artificial selection, reducing the genetic load by avoiding the inheritance of two copies of the same harmful variant. To explain this concept in an interactive way to zoo visitors, we developed a sonification game to represent the fitness impacts of harmful variants by detuning notes in a familiar musical melody (i.e., Beethoven's Für Elise). Conceptually, zoo visitors play a game aiming to create the most optimal pink pigeon offspring in terms of inbreeding depression. They select virtual crosses between pink pigeon individuals and listen for the detuning of the melody, which represents the realised load of the resultant offspring. Here we present the sonification algorithm and the results of an online survey to see whether participants could identify the most and least optimal offspring from three potential pink pigeon offspring. Of our 98 respondents, 85 (86.7%) correctly identified the least optimal offspring, 73 (74.5%) correctly identified the most optimal, and 62 (63.3%) identified both the most and least optimal offspring using only the sonification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Martin
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Samuel A Speak
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Natural History Museum, London, UK
- North of England Zoological Society, Chester Zoo, Chester, UK
| | - Lara Urban
- Helmholtz AI, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hernán E Morales
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cock van Oosterhout
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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Braun R, Tfirn M, Ford RM. Listening to life: Sonification for enhancing discovery in biological research. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 38678506 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Sonification, or the practice of generating sound from data, is a promising alternative or complement to data visualization for exploring research questions in the life sciences. Expressing or communicating data in the form of sound rather than graphs, tables, or renderings can provide a secondary information source for multitasking or remote monitoring purposes or make data accessible when visualizations cannot be used. While popular in astronomy, neuroscience, and geophysics as a technique for data exploration and communication, its potential in the biological and biotechnological sciences has not been fully explored. In this review, we introduce sonification as a concept, some examples of how sonification has been used to address areas of interest in biology, and the history of the technique. We then highlight a selection of biology-related publications that involve sonifications of DNA datasets and protein datasets, sonifications for data collection and interpretation, and sonifications aimed to improve science communication and accessibility. Through this review, we aim to show how sonification has been used both as a discovery tool and a communication tool and to inspire more life-science researchers to incorporate sonification into their own studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Braun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Maxwell Tfirn
- Department of Music, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia, USA
| | - Roseanne M Ford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Kelly M, Yan B, Lucky C, Schreier M. Electrochemical Synthesis of Sound: Hearing the Electrochemical Double Layer. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:595-602. [PMID: 38559295 PMCID: PMC10979475 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical double layers (EDLs) govern the operation of batteries, fuel cells, electrochemical sensors, and electrolyzers. However, their invisible nature makes their properties and function difficult to conceptualize, creating an impediment to the broader understanding of double-layer function required for future technologies in energy storage and chemical synthesis. To render the behavior of electrochemical interfaces more intuitive, we made the rearrangement of interfacial components audible by employing the EDL as a variable element in a relaxation oscillator circuit. Connecting the circuit to a speaker generated an audible output corresponding to the change in potential resulting from EDL rearrangement. Variations in the applied voltage, electrolyte concentration and identity, as well as in the electrode material, yielded audible frequency variations that provide an intuitive understanding of EDL behavior. We expect that hearing the trends in behavior will provide a helpful and alternative method for understanding molecular movement at the electrochemical interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Kelly
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bill Yan
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christine Lucky
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Marcel Schreier
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Goh T, Song Y, Yonekura T, Obushi N, Den Z, Imizu K, Tomizawa Y, Kondo Y, Miyashima S, Iwamoto Y, Inami M, Chen YW, Nakajima K. In-Depth Quantification of Cell Division and Elongation Dynamics at the Tip of Growing Arabidopsis Roots Using 4D Microscopy, AI-Assisted Image Processing and Data Sonification. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1262-1278. [PMID: 37861079 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the fundamental questions in plant developmental biology is how cell proliferation and cell expansion coordinately determine organ growth and morphology. An amenable system to address this question is the Arabidopsis root tip, where cell proliferation and elongation occur in spatially separated domains, and cell morphologies can easily be observed using a confocal microscope. While past studies revealed numerous elements of root growth regulation including gene regulatory networks, hormone transport and signaling, cell mechanics and environmental perception, how cells divide and elongate under possible constraints from cell lineages and neighboring cell files has not been analyzed quantitatively. This is mainly due to the technical difficulties in capturing cell division and elongation dynamics at the tip of growing roots, as well as an extremely labor-intensive task of tracing the lineages of frequently dividing cells. Here, we developed a motion-tracking confocal microscope and an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted image-processing pipeline that enables semi-automated quantification of cell division and elongation dynamics at the tip of vertically growing Arabidopsis roots. We also implemented a data sonification tool that facilitates human recognition of cell division synchrony. Using these tools, we revealed previously unnoted lineage-constrained dynamics of cell division and elongation, and their contribution to the root zonation boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Song
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577 Japan
| | - Takaaki Yonekura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Noriyasu Obushi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo, 153-8904 Japan
| | - Zeping Den
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577 Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Imizu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Yoko Tomizawa
- The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787 Japan
| | - Yohei Kondo
- The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miyashima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Yutaro Iwamoto
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577 Japan
- Faculty of Information and Communication Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, 18-8 Hatsucho, Neyagawa, Osaka, 572-8530 Japan
| | - Masahiko Inami
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo, 153-8904 Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Yen-Wei Chen
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577 Japan
| | - Keiji Nakajima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
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Nakajima K, Higaki T, Ueda T, Inami M. Gaining New Insights in Plant Biology through Human-Machine Collaboration. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1257-1261. [PMID: 37952100 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Nakajima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
| | - Masahiko Inami
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo, 153-8904 Japan
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Minciacchi D, Bravi R, Rosenboom D. Editorial: Sonification, aesthetic representation of physical quantities. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1162383. [PMID: 37008216 PMCID: PMC10064135 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1162383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Minciacchi
- Physiological Sciences Section, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Diego Minciacchi
| | - Riccardo Bravi
- Physiological Sciences Section, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - David Rosenboom
- The Herb Alpert School of Music, California Institute of the Arts, Valencia, CA, United States
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Wave-like behaviour in (0,1) binary sequences. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13971. [PMID: 35978136 PMCID: PMC9383675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the properties of finite (0,1) binary systems from the mathematical viewpoint of quantum theory is presented. This is a quantum-inspired extension of the GenomeBits model to characterize observed genome sequences, where a complex wavefunction \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\psi _{n}$$\end{document}ψn is considered as an analogous probability measure and it is related to an alternating (0,1) binary series having independent distributed terms. The real and imaginary spectrum of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\psi _{n}$$\end{document}ψnvs. the nucleotide base positions display characteristic features of sound waves. This approach represents a novel perspective for identifying and “observing” emergent properties of genome sequences in the form of wavefunctions via superposition states. The motivation is to develop a simple algorithm to perform wave calculations from binary sequences and to apply these wave functions to sonification.
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