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Liu Y, Bi X, Leng Y, Chen D, Wang J, Ma Y, Zhang MZ, Han BW, Li Y. A deep-learning-based genomic status estimating framework for homologous recombination deficiency detection from low-pass whole genome sequencing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26121. [PMID: 38404843 PMCID: PMC10884843 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide sequencing allows for prediction of clinical treatment responses and outcomes by estimating genomic status. Here, we developed Genomic Status scan (GSscan), a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based deep-learning framework, which utilizes low-pass whole genome sequencing (WGS) data to capture genomic instability-related features. In this study, GSscan directly surveys homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status independent of other existing biomarkers. In breast cancer, GSscan achieved an AUC of 0.980 in simulated low-pass WGS data, and obtained a higher HRD risk score in clinical BRCA-deficient breast cancer samples (p = 1.3 × 10-4, compared with BRCA-intact samples). In ovarian cancer, GSscan obtained higher HRD risk scores in BRCA-deficient samples in both simulated data and clinical samples (p = 2.3 × 10-5 and p = 0.039, respectively, compared with BRCA-intact samples). Moreover, HRD-positive patients predicted by GSscan showed longer progression-free intervals in TCGA datasets (p = 0.0011) treated with platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy, outperforming existing low-pass WGS-based methods. Furthermore, GSscan can accurately predict HRD status using only 1 ng of input DNA and a minimum sequencing coverage of 0.02 × , providing a reliable, accessible, and cost-effective approach. In summary, GSscan effectively and accurately detected HRD status, and provide a broadly applicable framework for disease diagnosis and selecting appropriate disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of BC Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Bi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Leng
- Guangdong Jiyin Biotech Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Guangdong Jiyin Biotech Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Jiyin Biotech Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Youjia Ma
- Guangdong Jiyin Biotech Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Zhe Zhang
- GeneGenieDx Corp, 160 E Tasman Dr, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Bo-Wei Han
- Guangdong Jiyin Biotech Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yalun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Li W, Gao L, Yi X, Shi S, Huang J, Shi L, Zhou X, Wu L, Ying J. Patient Assessment and Therapy Planning Based on Homologous Recombination Repair Deficiency. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 21:962-975. [PMID: 36791952 PMCID: PMC10928375 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Defects in genes involved in the DNA damage response cause homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD). HRD is found in a subgroup of cancer patients for several tumor types, and it has a clinical relevance to cancer prevention and therapies. Accumulating evidence has identified HRD as a biomarker for assessing the therapeutic response of tumor cells to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapies. Nevertheless, the biology of HRD is complex, and its applications and the benefits of different HRD biomarker assays are controversial. This is primarily due to inconsistencies in HRD assessments and definitions (gene-level tests, genomic scars, mutational signatures, or a combination of these methods) and difficulties in assessing the contribution of each genomic event. Therefore, we aim to review the biological rationale and clinical evidence of HRD as a biomarker. This review provides a blueprint for the standardization and harmonization of HRD assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center / National Clinical Research Center for Cancer / Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China; Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Geneplus-Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | | | - Jie Huang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Leming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingying Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center / National Clinical Research Center for Cancer / Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center / National Clinical Research Center for Cancer / Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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Li N, Zhu J, Yin R, Wang J, Pan L, Kong B, Zheng H, Liu J, Wu X, Wang L, Huang Y, Wang K, Zou D, Zhao H, Wang C, Lu W, Lin A, Lou G, Li G, Qu P, Yang H, Zhang Y, Cai H, Pan Y, Hao M, Liu Z, Cui H, Yang Y, Yao S, Zhen X, Hang W, Hou J, Wang J, Wu L. Treatment With Niraparib Maintenance Therapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Advanced Ovarian Cancer: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2023; 9:1230-1237. [PMID: 37440217 PMCID: PMC10346505 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Importance The efficacy of niraparib maintenance therapy with an individualized starting dose (ISD) warrants further investigation in a broad population with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer (aOC), including patients without postoperative residual disease. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of niraparib with an ISD in a broad population with newly diagnosed aOC (R0 resection permitted). Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study was conducted in China and enrolled 384 patients with newly diagnosed aOC who received primary or interval debulking surgery and responded to treatment with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. By data cutoff (September 30, 2021), median follow-up for progression-free survival (PFS) was 27.5 (IQR, 24.7-30.4) months. Interventions Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive niraparib or placebo with ISD (200 mg/d for those with a body weight of <77 kg and/or platelet count of <150 ×103/μL [to convert to ×109/μL, multiply by 1] at baseline; 300 mg/d otherwise) stratified by germline BRCA variant status, tumor homologous recombination deficiency status, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Main Outcomes and Measurements The primary end point was blinded, independent central review-assessed PFS in the intention-to-treat population. Results A total of 384 patients were randomized (255 niraparib [66.4%]; median [range] age, 53 [32-77] years; 129 placebo [33.6%]; median [range] age, 54 [33-77] years), and 375 (247 niraparib [65.9%], 128 placebo [34.1%]) received treatment at a dose of 200 mg per day. Median PFS with niraparib vs placebo was 24.8 vs 8.3 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.45; 95% CI, 0.34-0.60; P < .001) in the intention-to-treat population; not reached vs 10.8 months (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.23-0.68) and 19.3 vs 8.3 months (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.34-0.67) in patients with and without germline BRCA variants, respectively; not reached vs 11.0 months (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.34-0.68) and 16.6 vs 5.5 months (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.22-0.75) in homologous recombination deficient and proficient patients, respectively; and 24.8 vs 8.3 months (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.32-0.61) and 16.5 vs 8.3 months (HR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.10-0.72) in those with optimal and suboptimal debulking, respectively. Similar proportions of niraparib-treated and placebo-treated patients (6.7% vs 5.4%) discontinued treatment due to treatment-emergent adverse events. Conclusion and Relevance This randomized clinical trial found that niraparib maintenance therapy prolonged PFS in patients with newly diagnosed aOC regardless of postoperative residual disease or biomarker status. The ISD was effective and safe in the first-line maintenance setting. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03709316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Rutie Yin
- West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingya Pan
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Hubei Cancer Hospital (Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongling Zou
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital (Chongqing Cancer Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Hongqin Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute), Shenyang, China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Women’s Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - An Lin
- Cancer Hospital of Fujian Medical University (Fujian Cancer Hospital), Fuzhou, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Guiling Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengpeng Qu
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbing Cai
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueyin Pan
- Anhui Provincial Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Min Hao
- Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ziling Liu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Heng Cui
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Yang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Juan Wang
- Zai Lab (Shanghai) Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingying Wu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Nakai H, Matsumura N. Selection of maintenance therapy during first-line treatment of advanced ovarian cancer based on pharmacologic characteristics. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:2161-2173. [PMID: 38111255 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2295393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maintenance therapy with bevacizumab and the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors olaparib and niraparib after first-line treatment of advanced ovarian cancer has been approved. However, it is not clear which one should be used for which patients. AREAS COVERED This paper presents a detailed analysis of data from phase 3 trials in ovarian cancer evaluating bevacizumab (ICON7, GOG-0218), olaparib (SOLO1, PAOLA-1), and niraparib (PRIMA, PRIME). We will discuss how the results of these trials relate to the 'rebound effect,' in which the risk of progression increases after discontinuation of bevacizumab in patients receiving bevacizumab, and to the significant difference in tissue permeability between olaparib and niraparib. EXPERT OPINION In patients with homologous recombination deficiency and no macroscopic residual disease (R0) after primary debulking surgery (PDS), the combination of bevacizumab plus olaparib seems to be the best regimen. Olaparib monotherapy is suitable for patients with BRCA mutations other than PDS R0. Bevacizumab is most useful in cases with a short duration of the rebound effect, i.e. short survival. Niraparib is useful in others but may be more useful in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekatsu Nakai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriomi Matsumura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
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Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang MZ, Chen D, Leng Y, Wang J, Han BW, Wang J. Homologous recombination deficiency prediction using low-pass whole genome sequencing in breast cancer. Cancer Genet 2023; 272-273:35-40. [PMID: 36758499 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD) results in a defect in DNA repair and is a frequent driver of tumorigenesis. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) or platinum-based therapies have increased theraputic effectiveness when treating HRD positive cancers. For breast cancer and ovairan cancer HRD companion diagnostic tests are commonly used. However, the currently used HRD tests are based on high-depth genome sequencing or hybridization-based capture sequencing, which are technically complex and costly. In this study, we modified an existing method named shallowHRD, which uses low-pass whole genome sequencing (WGS) for HRD detection, and estimated the performance of the modified shallowHRD pipeline. Our shallowHRD pipeline achieved an AUC of 0.997 in simulated low-pass WGS data, with a sensitivity of 0.981 and a specificity of 0.964; and achieved a higher HRD risk score in clinical BRCA-deficient breast cancer samples (p = 5.5 × 10-5, compared with BRCA-intact breast cancer samples). We also estimated the limit of detection the shallowHRD pipeline could accurately predict HRD status with a minimum sequencing depth of 0.1 ×, a tumor purity of > 20%, and an input DNA amount of 1 ng. Our study demostrates using low-pass sequencing, HRD status can be determined with high accuracy using a simple approach with greatly reduced cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of BC Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yalun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Min-Zhe Zhang
- GeneGenieDx Corp, 160 E Tasman Dr, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Dan Chen
- Guangdong Jiyin Biotech Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Leng
- Guangdong Jiyin Biotech Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Jiyin Biotech Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo-Wei Han
- Guangdong Jiyin Biotech Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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Feng Z, Shao D, Cai Y, Bi R, Ju X, Chen D, Song C, Chen X, Li J, An N, Li Y, Zhou Q, Xiu Z, Zhu S, Wu X, Wen H. Homologous recombination deficiency status predicts response to platinum-based chemotherapy in Chinese patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:53. [PMID: 36922847 PMCID: PMC10015784 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) is a predictive biomarker for ovarian cancer treated with PARP inhibitors or for breast cancer treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. However, limited research is documented on platinum-based treatment prediction with HRD as a biomarker in ovarian cancer patients, especially in the Chinese population. METHODS We investigated the association between HRD status and the response of platinum-based chemotherapy in 240 Chinese HGSOC patients. RESULTS The Pt-sensitive patients showed higher HRD scores than Pt-resistant ones, but this was not significant(median: 42.6 vs. 31.6, p = 0.086). (Pt)-sensitive rate was higher in HRD + BRCAm tumors and in HRD + BRCAwt tumors (HRD + BRCAm: 97%, p = 0.004 and HRD + BRCAwt: 90%, p = 0.04) compared with 74% in the HRD-BRCAwt tumors. We also found Pt-sensitive patients tend to be enriched in patients with BRCA mutations or non-BRCA HRR pathway gene mutations (BRCA: 93.6% vs 75.4%, p < 0.001; non-BRCA HRR: 88.6% vs 75.4%, p = 0.062). Patients with HRD status positive had significantly improved PFS compared with those with HRD status negative (median PFS: 30.5 months vs. 16.8 months, Log-rank p = 0.001). Even for BRCAwt patients, positive HRD was also associated with better PFS than the HRD-negative group (median: 27.5 months vs 16.8 months, Log-rank p = 0.010). Further, we found patients with pathogenic mutations located in the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of BRCA1 had improved FPS, compared to those with mutations in other domains. (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The HRD status can be identified as an independent significance in Chinese HGSOC patients treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Feng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Shao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, BGI Genomics, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, ShenzhenShenzhen, 518083518083, China
| | - Yuhang Cai
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Rui Bi
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingzhu Ju
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongju Chen
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Chengcheng Song
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na An
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, BGI Genomics, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, ShenzhenShenzhen, 518083518083, China
| | - Yunjin Li
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, BGI Genomics, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, ShenzhenShenzhen, 518083518083, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, BGI Genomics, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, ShenzhenShenzhen, 518083518083, China
| | - Zhihui Xiu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, BGI Genomics, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, ShenzhenShenzhen, 518083518083, China
| | - Shida Zhu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, BGI Genomics, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, ShenzhenShenzhen, 518083518083, China.
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Dotolo S, Esposito Abate R, Roma C, Guido D, Preziosi A, Tropea B, Palluzzi F, Giacò L, Normanno N. Bioinformatics: From NGS Data to Biological Complexity in Variant Detection and Oncological Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092074. [PMID: 36140175 PMCID: PMC9495893 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques for variant detection has become increasingly important in clinical research and in clinical practice in oncology. Many cancer patients are currently being treated in clinical practice or in clinical trials with drugs directed against specific genomic alterations. In this scenario, the development of reliable and reproducible bioinformatics tools is essential to derive information on the molecular characteristics of each patient’s tumor from the NGS data. The development of bioinformatics pipelines based on the use of machine learning and statistical methods is even more relevant for the determination of complex biomarkers. In this review, we describe some important technologies, computational algorithms and models that can be applied to NGS data from Whole Genome to Targeted Sequencing, to address the problem of finding complex cancer-associated biomarkers. In addition, we explore the future perspectives and challenges faced by bioinformatics for precision medicine both at a molecular and clinical level, with a focus on an emerging complex biomarker such as homologous recombination deficiency (HRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Dotolo
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Riziero Esposito Abate
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristin Roma
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Guido
- Bioinformatics Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Preziosi
- Bioinformatics Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Tropea
- Bioinformatics Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando Palluzzi
- Bioinformatics Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Giacò
- Bioinformatics Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSTeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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