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Foster EG, Palermo NY, Liu Y, Edagwa B, Gendelman HE, Bade AN. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases by HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitors. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1113032. [PMID: 36896351 PMCID: PMC9988942 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
More than fifteen million women with the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection are of childbearing age world-wide. Due to improved and affordable access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the number of in utero antiretroviral drug (ARV)-exposed children has exceeded a million and continues to grow. While most recommended ART taken during pregnancy suppresses mother to child viral transmission, the knowledge of drug safety linked to fetal neurodevelopment remains an area of active investigation. For example, few studies have suggested that ARV use can be associated with neural tube defects (NTDs) and most notably with the integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) dolutegravir (DTG). After risk benefit assessments, the World Health Organization (WHO) made recommendations for DTG usage as a first and second-line preferred treatment for infected populations including pregnant women and those of childbearing age. Nonetheless, long-term safety concerns remain for fetal health. This has led to a number of recent studies underscoring the need for biomarkers to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying long-term neurodevelopmental adverse events. With this goal in mind, we now report the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activities by INSTIs as an ARV class effect. Balanced MMPs activities play a crucial role in fetal neurodevelopment. Inhibition of MMPs activities by INSTIs during neurodevelopment could be a potential mechanism for adverse events. Thus, comprehensive molecular docking testing of the INSTIs, DTG, bictegravir (BIC), and cabotegravir (CAB), against twenty-three human MMPs showed broad-spectrum inhibition. With a metal chelating chemical property, each of the INSTI were shown to bind Zn++ at the MMP's catalytic domain leading to MMP inhibition but to variable binding energies. These results were validated in myeloid cell culture experiments demonstrating MMP-2 and 9 inhibitions by DTG, BIC and CAB and even at higher degree than doxycycline (DOX). Altogether, these data provide a potential mechanism for how INSTIs could affect fetal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G. Foster
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Nicholas Y. Palermo
- Computational Chemistry Core, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NeE, United States
| | - Aditya N. Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Svandova E, Lesot H, Sharpe P, Matalova E. Making the head: Caspases in life and death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1075751. [PMID: 36712975 PMCID: PMC9880857 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1075751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The term apoptosis, as a way of programmed cell death, was coined a half century ago and since its discovery the process has been extensively investigated. The anatomy and physiology of the head are complex and thus apoptosis has mostly been followed in separate structures, tissues or cell types. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent knowledge concerning apoptosis-related molecules involved in the development of structures of head with a particular focus on caspases, cysteine proteases having a key position in apoptotic pathways. Since many classical apoptosis-related molecules, including caspases, are emerging in several non-apoptotic processes, these were also considered. The largest organ of the head region is the brain and its development has been extensively investigated, including the roles of apoptosis and related molecules. Neurogenesis research also includes sensory organs such as the eye and ear, efferent nervous system and associated muscles and glands. Caspases have been also associated with normal function of the skin and hair follicles. Regarding mineralised tissues within craniofacial morphogenesis, apoptosis in bones has been of interest along with palate fusion and tooth development. Finally, the role of apoptosis and caspases in angiogenesis, necessary for any tissue/organ development and maintenance/homeostasis, are discussed. Additionally, this review points to abnormalities of development resulting from improper expression/activation of apoptosis-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Svandova
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Herve Lesot
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral, and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Matalova
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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Foster EG, Gendelman HE, Bade AN. HIV-1 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors and Neurodevelopment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1533. [PMID: 36558984 PMCID: PMC9783753 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Children born to mothers, with or at risk, of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection are on the rise due to affordable access of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to pregnant women or those of childbearing age. Each year, up to 1.3 million HIV-1-infected women on ART have given birth with recorded mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission rates of less than 1%. Despite this benefit, the outcomes of children exposed to antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy, especially pre- and post- natal neurodevelopment remain incompletely understood. This is due, in part, to the fact that pregnant women are underrepresented in clinical trials. This is underscored by any potential risks of neural tube defects (NTDs) linked, in measure, to periconceptional usage of dolutegravir (DTG). A potential association between DTG and NTDs was first described in Botswana in 2018. Incidence studies of neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with DTG, and other integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are limited as widespread use of INSTIs has begun only recently in pregnant women. Therefore, any associations between INSTI use during pregnancy, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities remain to be explored. Herein, United States Food and Drug Administration approved ARVs and their use during pregnancy are discussed. We provide updates on INSTI pharmacokinetics and adverse events during pregnancy together with underlying mechanisms which could affect fetal neurodevelopment. Overall, this review seeks to educate both clinical and basic scientists on potential consequences of INSTIs on fetal outcomes as a foundation for future scientific investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G. Foster
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Aditya N. Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Fritzsch B, Martin PR. Vision and retina evolution: how to develop a retina. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 12:240-248. [PMID: 35449767 PMCID: PMC9018162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early in vertebrate evolution, a single homeobox (Hox) cluster in basal chordates was quadrupled to generate the Hox gene clusters present in extant vertebrates. Here we ask how this expanded gene pool may have influenced the evolution of the visual system. We suggest that a single neurosensory cell type split into ciliated sensory cells (photoreceptors, which transduce light) and retinal ganglion cells (RGC, which project to the brain). In vertebrates, development of photoreceptors is regulated by the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Neurod1 whereas RGC development depends on Atoh7 and related bHLH genes. Lancelet (a basal chordate) does not express Neurod or Atoh7 and possesses a few neurosensory cells with cilia that reach out of the opening of the neural tube. Sea-squirts (Ascidians) do not express Neurod and express a different bHLH gene, Atoh8, that is likely expressed in the anterior vesicle. Recent data indicate the neurosensory cells in lancelets may correspond to three distinct eye fields in ascidians, which in turn may be the basis of the vertebrate retina, pineal and parapineal. In this review we contrast the genetic control of visual structure development in these chordates with that of basal vertebrates such as lampreys and hagfish, and jawed vertebrates. We propose an evolutionary sequence linking whole-genome duplications, initially to a split between photoreceptor and projection neurons (RGC) and subsequently between pineal and lateral eye structures.
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Bade AN, McMillan JM, Liu Y, Edagwa BJ, Gendelman HE. Dolutegravir Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases Affects Mouse Neurodevelopment. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5703-5721. [PMID: 34390469 PMCID: PMC8599359 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dolutegravir (DTG) is a first-line antiretroviral drug (ARV) used in combination therapy for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection. The drug is effective, safe, and well tolerated. Nonetheless, concerns have recently emerged for its usage in pregnant women or those of child-bearing age. Notably, DTG-based ARV regimens have been linked to birth defects seen as a consequence of periconceptional usages. To this end, uncovering an underlying mechanism for DTG-associated adverse fetal development outcomes has gained clinical and basic research interest. We now report that DTG inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activities that could affect fetal neurodevelopment. DTG is a broad-spectrum MMPs inhibitor and binds to Zn++ at the enzyme’s catalytic domain. Studies performed in pregnant mice show that DTG readily reaches the fetal central nervous system during gestation and inhibits MMP activity. Postnatal screenings of brain health in mice pups identified neuroinflammation and neuronal impairment. These abnormalities persist as a consequence of in utero DTG exposure. We conclude that DTG inhibition of MMPs activities during gestation has the potential to affect prenatal and postnatal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5800, USA.
| | - JoEllyn M McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5800, USA
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5800, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Benson J Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5800, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5800, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Maniou E, Staddon MF, Marshall AR, Greene NDE, Copp AJ, Banerjee S, Galea GL. Hindbrain neuropore tissue geometry determines asymmetric cell-mediated closure dynamics in mouse embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2023163118. [PMID: 33941697 PMCID: PMC8126771 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023163118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap closure is a common morphogenetic process. In mammals, failure to close the embryonic hindbrain neuropore (HNP) gap causes fatal anencephaly. We observed that surface ectoderm cells surrounding the mouse HNP assemble high-tension actomyosin purse strings at their leading edge and establish the initial contacts across the embryonic midline. Fibronectin and laminin are present, and tensin 1 accumulates in focal adhesion-like puncta at this leading edge. The HNP gap closes asymmetrically, faster from its rostral than caudal end, while maintaining an elongated aspect ratio. Cell-based physical modeling identifies two closure mechanisms sufficient to account for tissue-level HNP closure dynamics: purse-string contraction and directional cell motion implemented through active crawling. Combining both closure mechanisms hastens gap closure and produces a constant rate of gap shortening. Purse-string contraction reduces, whereas crawling increases gap aspect ratio, and their combination maintains it. Closure rate asymmetry can be explained by asymmetric embryo tissue geometry, namely a narrower rostral gap apex, whereas biomechanical tension inferred from laser ablation is equivalent at the gaps' rostral and caudal closure points. At the cellular level, the physical model predicts rearrangements of cells at the HNP rostral and caudal extremes as the gap shortens. These behaviors are reproducibly live imaged in mouse embryos. Thus, mammalian embryos coordinate cellular- and tissue-level mechanics to achieve this critical gap closure event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Maniou
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Researching and Teaching, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, WC1N 1EH London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F Staddon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail R Marshall
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Researching and Teaching, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, WC1N 1EH London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Researching and Teaching, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, WC1N 1EH London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Researching and Teaching, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, WC1N 1EH London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gabriel L Galea
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Researching and Teaching, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, WC1N 1EH London, United Kingdom;
- Department of Comparative Bioveterinary Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, NW1 0TU London, United Kingdom
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Matsumoto Y, Yamaguchi Y, Hamachi M, Nonomura K, Muramatsu Y, Yoshida H, Miura M. Apoptosis is involved in maintaining the character of the midbrain and the diencephalon roof plate after neural tube closure. Dev Biol 2020; 468:101-109. [PMID: 32979334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, a major form of programmed cell death, is massively observed in neural plate border and subsequently in the roof plate (RP). While deficiency of apoptosis often results in brain malformations including exencephaly and hydrocephalus, the impact of apoptosis on RP formation and maintenance remains unclear. Here we described that mouse embryos deficient in Apaf1, a gene crucial for the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, in C57BL/6 genetic background exhibited narrow and discontinuous expression of RP marker genes in the midline of the midbrain and the diencephalon. Instead, cells positive for the neuroectodermal gene SOX1 ectopically accumulated in the midline. A lineage-tracing experiment suggests that these ectopic SOX1-positive cells began to accumulate in the midline of apoptosis-deficient embryos after E9.5. These embryos further displayed malformation of the subcommissural organ, which has been discussed in the etiology of hydrocephalus. Thus, the apoptosis machinery prevents ectopic emergence of SOX1-positive cells in the midbrain and the diencephalon RP, and helps in maintaining the character of the RP in the diencephalon and midbrain, thereby ensuring proper brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Matsumoto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
- Hibernation Metabolism, Physiology, and Development Group, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan; Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Misato Hamachi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keiko Nonomura
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yukiko Muramatsu
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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