The prognostic value of IL10 and TNF alpha functional polymorphisms in premenopausal early-stage breast cancer patients

Role of Genetic Polymorphisms -238 G>A and -308 G>A, and Serum TNF-α Levels in a Cohort of Mexican Pediatric Neuroblastoma Patients: Preliminary Study

The results of in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the pro-tumor effects of TNF-α, and this cytokine's increased expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with some types of cancer. Our study objective was to evaluate the possible association of TNF-α genetic polymorphisms and serum levels with susceptibility and prognosis in a cohort of Mexican patients with NB. We performed PCR-RFLP and ELISA methods to analyze the genetics of these SNPs and determine serum concentrations, respectively. The distribution of the -308 G>A and -238 G>A polymorphisms TNFα genotypes was considerably different between patients with NB and the control group. The SNP rs1800629 GG/GA genotypes were associated with a decreased risk of NB (OR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.03-0.393, p = 0.001) compared with the AA genotype, which was associated with susceptibility to NB (OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.45-5.76, p = 0.003) and related to unfavorable histology and high-risk NB. The rs361525 polymorphism GG genotype was associated with a lower risk of developing NB compared with the GA and AA genotypes (OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.068-0.63, p = 0.006). Circulating TNF-α serum concentrations were significantly different (p < 0.001) between patients with NB and healthy controls; however, we found no relationship between the analyzed TNF-α serum levels and SNP genotypes. We found associations between the rs1800629AA genotype and lower event-free survival (p = 0.026); SNP rs361525 and TNF-α levels were not associated with survival in patients with NB. Our results suggest the TNF-α SNP rs1800629 as a probable factor of NB susceptibility. The -308 G/A polymorphism AA genotype has a probable role in promoting NB development and poor prognosis associated with unfavorable histology, high-risk tumors, and lower EFS in Mexican patients with NB. It should be noted that it is important to conduct research on a larger scale, through inter-institutional studies, to further evaluate the contribution of TNF-α genetic polymorphisms to the risk and prognosis of NB.

Association of interleukin 10 rs1800896 polymorphism with susceptibility to breast cancer: a meta-analysis

Objective

To evaluate the correlation between interleukin 10 (IL-10) −1082A/G polymorphism (rs1800896) and breast cancers by performing a meta-analysis.

Methods

The Embase and Medline databases were searched through 1 September 2018 to identify qualified articles. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to evaluate associations.

Results

In total, 14 case-control studies, including 5320 cases and 5727 controls, were analyzed. We detected significant associations between the IL10 −1082 G/G genotype and risk of breast cancer (AA + AG vs. GG: OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.80–0.97). Subgroup analyses confirmed a significant association in Caucasian populations (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80–0.99), in population-based case-control studies (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.78–0.96), and in studies with ≥500 subjects (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79–0.99) under the recessive model (AA + AG vs. GG). No associations were found in Asian populations.

Conclusions

The IL10 −1082A/G polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The association between IL10 −1082 G/G genotype and increased risk of breast cancer is more significant in Caucasians, in population-based studies, and in larger studies.

IL10-modified Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells inhibit Pancreatic Cancer growth through Angiogenesis Inhibition

In the present study, we constructed the recombinant plasmid IL10-PEGFP-C1 and successfully transfected into human mesenchymal stem cells. After culturing for 72 h, the levels of IL6 and TNF-α in the supernatant of the MSCs-IL10 group were significantly lower than the vector group and the control group (17.6 ± 0.68vs73.8 ± 0.8 and 74.4 ± 1.5) µg/L and (65.05 ± 3.8 vs 203.2 ± 2.4 and 201.3 ± 3.7) µg/L, respectively (p < 0.001) .The animal experiments showed that the volume of subcutaneous tumors in the MSCs-IL10 group in vivo was a significantly less level compared to that in MSC control and the blank control groups (76.84 ± 20.11) mm³ vs (518. 344 ± 48.66) mm³, (576.99± 49.88) mm³, (P < 0. 05) and they have a longer life time. Further we found the mass concentrations of IL6 and TNF-α in the blood serum of MSC-IL10 group were lower than the vector group and the control group (64.42 ± 10.9 vs120.83 ± 15.52 and 122.65 ± 13.71) and (40.05 ± 5.63 vs 126.78 ±1.89 and 105.83 ± 2.16) µg/L respectively (p < 0.001). CD31 immunohistochemistry and alginate encapsulation experiments showed tumor angiogenesis were inhibited in MSCs-IL10 group in comparison to the control and vector group (P < 0.001), FITC-labeled dextran intake was also lower than the other groups (P < 0.01). Collectively, this study suggested IL10 could inhibit the growth of the transplanted tumor in vivo and prolong survival of mice, and the primary mechanism may be the indirect inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNF-α secretion and tumor angiogenesis formation.

Breast Cancer in Young Women: Status Quo and Advanced Disease Management by a Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized Approach

Why does healthcare of breast cancer (BC) patients, especially in a young population, matter and why are innovative strategies by predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) strongly recommended to replace current reactive medical approach in BC management? Permanent increase in annual numbers of new BC cases with particularly quick growth of premenopausal BC patients, an absence of clearly described risk factors for those patients, as well as established screening tools and programs represent important reasons to focus on BC in young women. Moreover, "young" BC cases are frequently "asymptomatic", difficult to diagnose, and to treat effectively on time. The objective of this article is to update the knowledge on BC in young females, its unique molecular signature, newest concepts in diagnostics and therapy, and to highlight the concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine with a well-acknowledged potential to advance the overall disease management.

Association between tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene rs1800629 (-308G/A) and rs361525 (-238G > A) polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk in an Iranian cohort

BACKGROUND

Prostate cancer (PCa) as the first men's common cancer in the world and the third cancer in Iranian men is a heterogeneous disorder which sometimes several biopsies are needed for its diagnosis.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of current study is finding new biomarkers in order to diagnose of PCa at the earliest possible stage. Hence, the relationship between rs1800629 and rs361525 polymorphisms of TNF-α gene with PCa was investigated.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Blood DNA samples were collected from 100 patients with PCa, 110 with BPH, and 110 controls. Collected samples were examined using PCR-RFLP and Tetra-ARMS-PCR techniques to detect the desired polymorphisms.

RESULTS

The frequency of rs1800629 genotypes in smokers was significantly different from non-smokers with PCa (p= 0.001). Logistic regression analysis results showed that GA heterozygotes in comparison to GG homozygotes had higher risk of developing Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate cancer. However, no significant correlation was considered between the risk of PCa and the TNF-α gene polymorphisms (rs1800629 and rs361525).

CONCLUSIONS

Although, the achieved results of this investigation demonstrated that the two examined genetic variants do not seem to be suitable markers for early diagnosis of prostate cancer in this pilot study; however increased risk for the disease is shown in GA heterozygotes and smokers which is indicative of some epigenetic factors influence on prostate cancer etiology.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-308 gene promoter polymorphism associates with survival of cancer patients: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is involved in cancer pathogenesis, and TNF-α-308G>A, a single-nucleotide polymorphism, is associated with cancer prognosis; however, different studies have reported inconsistent results. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the correlation between TNF-α-308G>A polymorphism and the survival of cancer patients.

METHODS

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang database, VIP database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database were used to obtain articles on association between TNF-α-308G>A polymorphism and cancer survival, published until April 2018. A meta-analysis was carried out using Stata 12.0 software to determine the pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Furthermore, publication bias was assessed, and sensitivity analysis was performed to validate the analysis.

RESULTS

In total, 13 retrospective cohort studies including 2559 cancer patients were reviewed to estimate the association between TNF-α-308G>A polymorphism and overall survival (OS) of cancer patients. The pooled results suggested that within TNF-α-308G>A polymorphism, genotypes GA+AA/GG (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 0.90-2.14, P < .001, I = 78.1%), GA/GG (HR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.83-1.36, P = .072, I = 53.5%), and AA/AG+GG (HR = 3.28, 95% CI: 0.92-11.72, P = .001, I = 85.9%) were not associated with the OS of cancer patients. However, interestingly, the HR was greater for patients with the AA genotype than for those with the GG genotype, suggesting an association between TNF-α-308G>A polymorphism and OS among cancer patients (AA/GG, HR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.36-3.43, P = .281, I = 21.5%).

CONCLUSION

TNF-α-308G>A polymorphism affects the OS of cancer patients and is a potential therapeutic target for cancer.

LncRNA MALAT1 promotes relapse of breast cancer patients with postoperative fever

Postoperative fever is prevalent in many breast cancer patients. Some retrospective studies proposed that postoperative fever might also be considered as a rapid rough indicator for the poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. This study aims to explore the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the relapse of breast cancer patients with early postoperative fever. Our results indicated plasma levels of lncRNA MALAT1 were elevated in breast cancer patients with early postoperative fever and were associated with RFS. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was able to induce fever and systemic inflammatory responses in 4T1 xenograft mice, and promote lung metastasis. But after knocking down lncRNA MALAT1, the inflammatory responses and metastasis of lung were significantly reduced. Moreover, after knocking down lncRNA MALAT1 in the 4T1 cells, TNF-α level in the supernatants was sharply decreased, and the invasion and migration induced by LPS was also weakened. Cumulatively, our data indicates that MALAT1 is closely related to recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer patients with early postoperative fever.

A panel containing PD-1, IL-2Rα, IL-10, and CA15-3 as a biomarker to discriminate breast cancer from benign breast disease

Introduction

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), an immune checkpoint molecule, has recently been recognized as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in several malignant tumors, but its diagnostic value remains largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the differential diagnostic efficiency of PD-1 and other immune molecules and propose a panel of immune molecules combined with cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) to distinguish breast cancer (BC) from benign breast disease (BBD).

Patients and methods

Ninety-one eligible BC patients and 31 BBD patients were enrolled. Pretreatment peripheral blood was collected and tested for mRNA expression of PD-1, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, forkhead box P3, transforming growth factor beta, interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Rα), and cluster of differentiation 28 by quantitative reverse transcription PCR.

Results

The diagnostic areas under curve (AUCs) of PD-1, IL-2Rα, and IL-10 for BC-BBD discrimination were 0.764, 0.758, and 0.743, respectively. The diagnostic efficiencies of these three parameters in distinguishing early-stage or advanced BC from BBD were consistent with a role in BC-BBD discrimination. A panel of PD-1 + IL-10 + IL-2Rα + CA15-3 showed the highest AUC (0.862), with a sensitivity of 0.933 and a specificity of 0.724, for BC-BBD discrimination. In addition, for early-stage BC discrimination, this panel also had the highest AUC (0.811), with a sensitivity of 0.933 and a specificity of 0.614, while for advanced BC discrimination, a panel of PD-1 + IL-10 + CA15-3 exhibited the highest AUC (0.896), with a sensitivity of 0.933 and a specificity of 0.783.

Conclusion

These data indicate that the panel containing PD-1, IL-2Rα, IL-10, and CA15-3 can effectively discriminate BC from BBD with a high efficiency. After further confirmation, it could be used to complement conventional imaging modalities, especially in discriminating early-stage BC from BBD.

Low BMI is correlated with increased TGF-β and IL-10 mRNA levels in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) have important roles in breast cancer development. Previous studies confirmed a correlation between these immune molecules and tumor characteristics, but their association with nutritional status in breast cancer is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, globulin (GLB), albumin/GLB ratio (AGR), pre-albumin, prognostic nutritional index, and TGF-β, IL-10, and Foxp3 mRNA expression in patients with breast cancer. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of TGF-β, IL-10, and Foxp3 in the peripheral blood of 107 patients with breast cancer and 21 healthy controls. We found that TGF-β mRNA levels were 2.6-fold, 3.2-fold, and 2.3-fold higher in patients with low BMI (<23), low AGR, and high GLB, respectively, than in their counterparts (P < 0.05). In addition, IL-10 mRNA expression levels in patients with normal BMI (<23) were 2.8-fold and 3.5-fold higher than in those who were overweight (23≤ BMI <25) and obese (BMI ≥ 25), respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, TGF-β, IL-10, and Foxp3 mRNA levels were significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than in healthy controls (P < 0.05). In summary, our results suggest that nutritional status, especially BMI, may strongly affect systematic immune function in patients with breast cancer. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(3):237-245, 2018.

Association of SNPs/haplotypes in promoter of TNF A and IL-10 gene together with life style factors in prostate cancer progression in Indian population

OBJECTIVE

Levels of proinflammatory (TNF A) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines play a key role in the progression of inflammation as well as cancer disease. We were investigating the potential association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)/haplotypes in proinflammatory (TNF A) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines locus with the development of PCa in Indian population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We had genotyped 235 BPH/PCa samples (130 BPH and 105 cancer) along with 115 control samples for proinflammatory (TNF A -238G/A and -308G/A) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 -1082A/G, -819C/T and -592C/A) cytokines SNPs in the gene promoter region using ARMS-PCR method.

RESULTS

Allelic frequencies of TNF A and IL-10 SNPs were found to be significantly associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH when compared to controls (p = 0.05). Further haplotypic analysis showed that two haplotypes of TNF A (AG and AA) and IL-10 gene (CCG and CTG) were serving as risk haplotypes for prostate cancer development. IL-10 risk haplotypes were found to be positively associated with aggressiveness of prostate cancer. We also noticed successively increasing percentage of TNF A and IL-10 risk haplotypes with life style habits like smoking (10 and 26%) and alcohol consuming (9 and 27%).

CONCLUSIONS

According to our data, TNF A -238G>A and IL-10 -1082A>G, -819C>T and -592C>A may be associated with the development of prostate cancer and BPH. We could also notice higher frequency of TNF A and IL-10 risk haplotypes in smoker and alcohol user. Interestingly, IL-10 risk haplotype was positively associated with aggressiveness of tumor. This information can be used for the early diagnosis of disease and to improve tissue-specific treatment's efficacy which will be moving ultimately towards the discovery of personalized therapy.

Breast cancer genetics in young women: What do we know?

Breast cancer (BC) in young women, generally defined in oncology as women who are 40 years of age or younger, represents 2 out of 10 BC cases in developing countries. Several research studies, including genetic cancer panel tests, genome-wide association studies, expression analyses and polymorphisms reports, have found that young women with BC exhibit a higher genetic susceptibility and specific genomic signature compared to postmenopausal women with BC. Thus, international guidelines recommend genetic counseling for this age population. This review presents the current state of the art of genetics and genomics with regards to young women with BC.

Inflammatory breast cancer: High incidence of GCC haplotypes (−1082A/G, −819T/C, and −592A/C) in the interleukin-10 gene promoter correlates with over-expression of interleukin-10 in patients’ carcinoma tissues

Interleukin-10 is involved in carcinogenesis by supporting tumor escape from the immune response. The aim of this study was to assess the single nucleotide polymorphisms, −1082A/G, −819T/C and −592A/C, in interleukin-10 gene promoter in inflammatory breast cancer compared to non–inflammatory breast cancer and association of these polymorphisms with interleukin-10 gene expression. We enrolled 105 breast cancer tissue (72 non–inflammatory breast cancer and 33 inflammatory breast cancer) patients and we determined the three studied single nucleotide polymorphisms in all samples by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism and investigated their association with the disease and with various prognostic factors. In addition, we assessed the expression of interleukin-10 gene by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the correlation between studied single nucleotide polymorphisms and interleukin-10 messenger RNA expression. We found co-dominant effect as the best inheritance model (in the three studied single nucleotide polymorphisms in non–inflammatory breast cancer and inflammatory breast cancer samples), and we didn’t identify any association between single nucleotide polymorphisms genotypes and breast cancer prognostic factors. However, GCC haplotype was found highly associated with inflammatory breast cancer risk (p < 0.001, odds ratio = 43.05). Moreover, the expression of interleukin-10 messenger RNA was significantly higher (p < 0.001) by 5.28-fold and 8.95-fold than non–inflammatory breast cancer and healthy control, respectively, where GCC haplotype significantly increased interleukin-10 gene expression (r = 0.9, p < 0.001).