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Kimura S, Miyake N, Ozasa S, Ueno H, Ohtani Y, Takaoka Y, Nishino I. Increase in cathepsin K gene expression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy skeletal muscle. Neuropathology 2024. [PMID: 39014877 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Dystrophinopathy is caused by alterations in the dystrophin gene. The severe phenotype, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), is caused by a lack of dystrophin in skeletal muscles, resulting in necrosis and regenerating fibers, inflammatory cells, and muscle fibrosis. Progressive muscle weakness is a characteristic finding of this condition. Here, we encountered a rare case of a 10-year-old patient with asymptomatic dystrophinopathy with no dystrophin expression and investigated the reason for the absence of muscle weakness to obtain therapeutic insights for DMD. Using RNA-seq analysis, gene expression in skeletal muscles was compared among patients with asymptomatic dystrophinopathy, three patients with typical DMD, and two patients without dystrophinopathy who were leading normal daily lives. Cathepsin K (CTSK), myosin heavy chain 3 (MYH3), and nodal modulator 3-like genes exhibited a >8-fold change, whereas crystallin mu gene (CRYM) showed a <1/8-fold change in patients with typical DMD compared with their expression in the patient with asymptomatic dystrophinopathy. Additionally, CTSK and MYH3 expression exhibited a >16-fold change (P < 0.01), whereas CRYM expression showed a <1/16-fold change (P < 0.01) in patients with typical DMD compared with their expression in those without dystrophinopathy. CTSK plays an essential role in skeletal muscle loss, fibrosis, and inflammation in response to muscles injected with cardiotoxin, one of the most common reagents that induce muscle injury. Increased CTSK expression is associated with muscle injury or necrosis in patients with DMD. The lack of muscle weakness in the patient with asymptomatic dystrophinopathy might be attributed to the low CTSK expression in the muscles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate that CTSK expression was significantly higher in the skeletal muscles of patients with DMD with a typical phenotype than in those without dystrophinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemi Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto Takumadai Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
- Data Science Center for Medicine and Hospital Management, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Medical Systems, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Ozasa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroe Ueno
- Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto Takumadai Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ohtani
- Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto Takumadai Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takaoka
- Data Science Center for Medicine and Hospital Management, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Medical Systems, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Xin J, Liu S. Identifying hub genes and dysregulated pathways in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38179963 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2302551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify the hub genes and dysregulated pathways in the progression of duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and to unveil detailedly the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with DMD for developing efficacious treatments in the future. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three mRNA microarray datasets (GSE13608, GSE38417 and GSE109178) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DMD and normal tissues were obtained via R package. Function enrichment analyses were implemented respectively using DAVID online database. The network analysis of protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was conducted using String. Cytoscape and String were used to analyse modules and screen hub genes. The expression of the identified hub genes was confirmed in mdx mice through using qRT-PCR. RESULTS In total, 519 DEGs were identified, consisting of 393 upregulated genes and 126 downregulated genes. The enriched functions and pathways of the DEGs mainly involve extracellular matrix organization, collagen fibril organization, interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway, muscle contraction, endoplasmic reticulum lumen, MHC class II receptor activity, phagosome, graft-versus-host disease, cardiomyocytes, calcium signaling pathway. Twelve hub genes were discovered and biological process analysis proved that these genes were mainly enriched cell cycle, cell division. The result of qRT-PCR suggested that increase in expression of CD44, ECT2, TYMS, MAGEL2, HLA-DMA, SERPINH1, TNNT2 was confirmed in mdx mice and the downregulation of ASB2 and LEPREL1 was also observed. CONCLUSION In conclusion, DEGs and hub genes identified in the current research help us probe the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of DMD, and provide candidate targets for diagnosis and treatment of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzeng Xin
- College of life sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
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Nambu Y, Shirakawa T, Osawa K, Nishio H, Nozu K, Matsuo M, Awano H. Brothers with Becker muscular dystrophy show discordance in skeletal muscle computed tomography findings: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2024; 12:2050313X231221436. [PMID: 38187815 PMCID: PMC10768573 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x231221436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Becker muscular dystrophy is caused by DMD mutations and is characterized by progressive muscle atrophy. The wide variations observed in muscle atrophy progression in Becker muscular dystrophy are considered multifactorial, including differences in mutations and environmental factors. In this case, two brothers, aged 2 and 3 years, had the identical DMD mutation, confirming their Becker muscular dystrophy diagnosis. They began using handrails when ascending and descending stairs at the age of 16 due to progressive muscular weakness. Over an 18-year follow-up, the older brother consistently had high serum creatine kinase levels, significantly over median levels. Muscle computed tomography finings revealed that the older brother's gluteus maximus and vastus femoris cross-sectional areas were only half and one-third of the younger brother's, respectively. The mean computed tomography values of gluteus maximus and vastus femoris were significantly lower in the older brother. Our report suggests that muscle atrophy in Becker muscular dystrophy cannot be solely explained by dystrophin mutation or environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Nambu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Taku Shirakawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Technology, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kayo Osawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Technology, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hisahide Nishio
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Research Center for Locomotion Biology, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kandai Nozu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masafumi Matsuo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Technology, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Awano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Du Y, Liu Y, Wang A, Kong J. Research progress and future perspectives on electromagnetic wave absorption of fibrous materials. iScience 2023; 26:107873. [PMID: 37817934 PMCID: PMC10561061 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic waves have caused great harm to military safety, high-frequency electronic components, and precision instruments, and so forth, which urgently requires the development of lightweight, high-efficiency, broadband electromagnetic waves (EMW) absorbing materials for protection. As the basic fibrous materials, carbon fibers (CFs) and SiC fibers (SiCf) have been widely applied in EMW absorption due to their intrinsic characteristics of low density, high mechanical properties, high conductivity, and dielectric loss mechanism. Nevertheless, it has remained a great challenge to develop lightweight EMW-absorbing fibrous materials with strong absorption capability and broad frequency range. In this review, the fundamental electromagnetic attenuation mechanisms are firstly introduced. Furthermore, the preparation, structure, morphology, and absorbing performance of CFs and SiCf-based EMW absorbing composites are summarized. In addition, prospective research opportunities are highlighted toward the development of fibrous absorbing materials with the excellent absorption performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhang Du
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yichen Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Aoao Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
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Han X, Han J, Wang N, Ji G, Guo R, Li J, Wu H, Ma S, Fang P, Song X. Identification of Auxiliary Biomarkers and Description of the Immune Microenvironmental Characteristics in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy by Bioinformatical Analysis and Experiment. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:891670. [PMID: 35720684 PMCID: PMC9204148 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.891670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic muscle disorder characterized by progressive muscle wasting associated with persistent inflammation. In this study, we aimed to identify auxiliary biomarkers and further characterize the immune microenvironment in DMD. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between DMD and normal muscle tissues based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Bioinformatical analysis was used to screen and identify potential diagnostic signatures of DMD which were further validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). We also performed single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to characterize the proportion of tissue-infiltrating immune cells to determine the inflammatory state of DMD. Results In total, 182 downregulated genes and 263 upregulated genes were identified in DMD. C3, SPP1, TMSB10, TYROBP were regarded as adjunct biomarkers and successfully validated by RT-qPCR. The infiltration of macrophages, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in DMD compared with normal muscle tissues, while the infiltration of activated B cells, CD56dim natural killer cells, and type 17 T helper (Th17) cells was lower. In addition, the four biomarkers (C3, SPP1, TMSB10, TYROBP) were strongly associated with immune cells and immune-related pathways in DMD muscle tissues. Conclusion Analyses demonstrated C3, SPP1, TMSB10, and TYROBP may serve as biomarkers and enhance our understanding of immune responses in DMD. The infiltration of immune cells into the muscle microenvironment might exert a critical impact on the development and occurrence of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingzhe Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruoyi Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongran Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shaojuan Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pingping Fang
- Department of Neurology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqin Song,
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Lambrescu I, Popa A, Manole E, Ceafalan LC, Gaina G. Application of Droplet Digital PCR Technology in Muscular Dystrophies Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094802. [PMID: 35563191 PMCID: PMC9099497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although they are considered rare disorders, muscular dystrophies have a strong impact on people’s health. Increased disease severity with age, frequently accompanied by the loss of ability to walk in some people, and the lack of treatment, have directed the researchers towards the development of more effective therapeutic strategies aimed to improve the quality of life and life expectancy, slow down the progression, and delay the onset or convert a severe phenotype into a milder one. Improved understanding of the complex pathology of these diseases together with the tremendous advances in molecular biology technologies has led to personalized therapeutic procedures. Different approaches that are currently under extensive investigation require more efficient, sensitive, and less invasive methods. Due to its remarkable analytical sensitivity, droplet digital PCR has become a promising tool for accurate measurement of biomarkers that monitor disease progression and quantification of various therapeutic efficiency and can be considered a tool for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis and newborn screening. Here, we summarize the recent applications of droplet digital PCR in muscular dystrophy research and discuss the factors that should be considered to get the best performance with this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Lambrescu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neuroscience and Experimental Myology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.L.); (A.P.); (E.M.); (L.C.C.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Popa
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neuroscience and Experimental Myology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.L.); (A.P.); (E.M.); (L.C.C.)
- Department of Animal Production and Public Health, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emilia Manole
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neuroscience and Experimental Myology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.L.); (A.P.); (E.M.); (L.C.C.)
- Pathology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Cristina Ceafalan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neuroscience and Experimental Myology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.L.); (A.P.); (E.M.); (L.C.C.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gisela Gaina
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neuroscience and Experimental Myology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.L.); (A.P.); (E.M.); (L.C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-21-319-2732
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Capitanio D, Moriggi M, Barbacini P, Torretta E, Moroni I, Blasevich F, Morandi L, Mora M, Gelfi C. Molecular Fingerprint of BMD Patients Lacking a Portion in the Rod Domain of Dystrophin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052624. [PMID: 35269765 PMCID: PMC8910510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BMD is characterized by a marked heterogeneity of gene mutations resulting in many abnormal dystrophin proteins with different expression and residual functions. The smaller dystrophin molecules lacking a portion around exon 48 of the rod domain, named the D8 region, are related to milder phenotypes. The study aimed to determine which proteins might contribute to preserving muscle function in these patients. Patients were subdivided, based on the absence or presence of deletions in the D8 region, into two groups, BMD1 and BMD2. Muscle extracts were analyzed by 2-D DIGE, label-free LC-ESI-MS/MS, and Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Increased levels of proteins typical of fast fibers and of proteins involved in the sarcomere reorganization characterize BMD2. IPA of proteomics datasets indicated in BMD2 prevalence of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and a correct flux through the TCA cycle enabling them to maintain both metabolism and epithelial adherens junction. A 2-D DIGE analysis revealed an increase of acetylated proteoforms of moonlighting proteins aldolase, enolase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase that can target the nucleus promoting stem cell recruitment and muscle regeneration. In BMD2, immunoblotting indicated higher levels of myogenin and lower levels of PAX7 and SIRT1/2 associated with a set of proteins identified by proteomics as involved in muscle homeostasis maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (D.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Manuela Moriggi
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy;
| | - Pietro Barbacini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (D.C.); (P.B.)
| | | | - Isabella Moroni
- Child Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Flavia Blasevich
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (L.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Lucia Morandi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (L.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Marina Mora
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (L.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20054 Segrate, Italy; (D.C.); (P.B.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-025-033-0475
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