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Nozaki T, Sakamoto I, Kagami K, Amemiya K, Hirotsu Y, Mochizuki H, Omata M. Clinical and molecular biomarkers predicting response to PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer. J Gynecol Oncol 2024; 35:e55. [PMID: 38330378 PMCID: PMC11262903 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2024.35.e55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the useful biomarker for predicting the effects of poly-(ADP ribose)-polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in Japanese patients with ovarian cancer. METHODS We collected clinical information and performed molecular biological analysis on 42 patients with ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal carcinomas who received PARP inhibitors. RESULTS Among the analyzed patients with ovarian cancer, 23.8% had germline BRCA mutation (gBRCAm), 42.9% had homologous recombination repair-related gene mutation (HRRm), and 61.1% had a genomic instability score (GIS) of ≥42. Patients with HRRm had a significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) than those without HRRm (median PFS 35.6 vs. 7.9 months; p=0.009), with a particularly marked increase in PFS in patients with gBRCAm (median PFS 42.3 months). Similarly, among patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, those with HRRm had a longer PFS than those without HRRm (median PFS 42.3 vs. 7.7 months; p=0.040). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis found that performance status and gBRCAm status were independent factors associated with prolonged PFS with PARP inhibitors. In recurrent ovarian cancer, multivariate regression analysis identified platinum-free interval (PFI) in addition to performance status as a significant predictor of PFS. On the contrary, no significant association was observed between PFS and a GIS of ≥42 used in clinical practice. CONCLUSION We found that HRRm can be a useful biomarker for predicting the effects of PARP inhibitors in treating ovarian cancer and that the PFI can also be useful in recurrent ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nozaki
- Department of Gynecology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan.
| | - Ikuko Sakamoto
- Department of Gynecology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Keiko Kagami
- Department of Gynecology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | | | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
- University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Sakamoto I, Kagami K, Nozaki T, Hirotsu Y, Amemiya K, Oyama T, Omata M. p53 Immunohistochemical Staining and TP53 Gene Mutations in Endometrial Cancer: Does Null Pattern Correlate With Prognosis? Am J Surg Pathol 2023; 47:1144-1150. [PMID: 37528644 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Whether immunohistochemistry (IHC) of p53 accurately reflects the TP53 mutational status of endometrial carcinoma (EC) has not yet been established. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between p53 IHC and TP53 mutations in EC and to examine whether p53 IHC can be a more convenient prognostic marker than TP53 mutation in EC. We performed p53 IHC staining of EC samples obtained via surgery and genetic analyses using next-generation sequencing. p53 IHC results showed that of the 101 cases, 71 (70%) were wild-type (WT), 12 (12%) were overexpression (OE), and 18 (18%) were in the null group. Missense mutations were found in 9 cases (47.4%) in OE, 2 (10.5%) in null, and 8 (42.1%) in the WT group. Truncating mutations were found in 1 case (8.3%) in OE, 6 (50%) in null, and 5 (41.7%) in the WT group. The 5-year progression-free survival was 0% in OE, 74.8% in null, and 79.0% in the WT group. In the prognosis for each type of TP53 mutation, the 5-year progression-free survival was missense (32.2%), truncating (65.6%), and WT (79.7%). These survival comparisons showed that the p53 IHC OE had the poorest prognosis. These results suggest that the p53 IHC OE is an independent poor prognostic factor for EC and can be used as a simple and rapid surrogate marker for TP53 mutations. Contrastingly, the complete absence of p53 IHC-the null staining pattern-may not accurately predict a TP53 mutation in EC, and it is necessary to be more careful in making the diagnosis of "abnormal."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Sakamoto
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi
| | - Keiko Kagami
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi
| | - Takahiro Nozaki
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi
| | | | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi
- Departments of Gastroenterology University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Sakamoto I, Hirotsu Y, Amemiya K, Nozaki T, Mochizuki H, Omata M. Elucidation of genomic origin of synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancer (SEO) by genomic and microsatellite analysis. J Gynecol Oncol 2022; 34:e6. [PMID: 36245225 PMCID: PMC9807354 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2023.34.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elucidation of clonal origin of synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancers (SEOs). METHODS We reviewed 852 patients who diagnosed endometrial and/or ovarian cancer. Forty-five (5.3%) patients were diagnosed as SEOs. We evaluated blood and tissue samples from 17 patients. We analyzed the clonal origins of 41 samples from 17 patients by gene sequencing, mismatch microsatellite instability (MSI) polymerase chain reaction assay and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of 4 repair genes. RESULTS Sixteen of 17 patients had at least 2 or more trunk mutations shared between endometrial and ovarian cancer suggesting the identical clonal origins. The shared trunk mutation are frequently found in endometrial cancer of the uterus, suggesting the uterine primary. Four out of 17 (24%) SEOs had mismatch repair (MMR) protein deficiency and MSI-high (MSI-H) states. One case was an endometrial carcinoma with local loss of MSH6 protein expression by IHC staining, and the result of MSI analysis using the whole formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimen was microsatellite stable. In contrast, ovarian tissue was deficient MMR and MSI-H in the whole specimen. This indicated that MMR protein deficiency could occur during the progression of disease. CONCLUSION Most SEOs are likely to be a single tumor with metastasis instead of double primaries, and their origin could be endometrium. In addition, SEOs have a high frequency of MMR gene abnormalities. These findings not only can support the notion of uterine primary, but also can help to expect the benefit for patients with SEOs by immuno-oncology treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Sakamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan.,Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nozaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | | | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Nozaki T, Sakamoto I, Kagami K, Amemiya K, Hirotsu Y, Mochizuki H, Omata M. Molecular analysis of ascitic fluid cytology reflects genetic changes of malignancies of the ovary equivalent to surgically resected specimens. Cancer Cytopathol 2022; 130:640-649. [PMID: 35640087 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to identify the clinical utility of genomic analysis of ascitic fluid cytology (AC) in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS Targeted next-generation sequencing was used to analyze 66 samples from 33 patients who had ovarian (n = 23), fallopian tube (n = 2), and peritoneal (n = 8) carcinoma, and the concordance rate of molecular profiles was compared between surgically resected, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues and AC samples. RESULTS In total, 159 mutations were identified (54 oncogenic mutations and 105 nononcogenic mutations) in 66 DNA samples (33 FFPE tissues and 33 AC samples) from 33 patients. Of the 159 mutations, 57 (35.8%) were shared between surgically resected FFPE tissues and AC samples. However, the concordance rate of the molecular profiles between the 2 was significantly higher for oncogenic mutations compared with nononcogenic mutations (85.1% vs 10.5%; P < .01). Indeed, the AC samples covered all oncogenic mutations (n = 46) that were detected in surgically resected specimens and identified additional mutations (n = 8). CONCLUSIONS The current results indicated that genomic analysis of AC can identify all of the genetic changes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer to understand tumor characteristics without interventional surgery or biopsy and may play an important role in developing personalized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nozaki
- Department of Gynecology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ikuko Sakamoto
- Department of Gynecology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keiko Kagami
- Department of Gynecology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Otake S, Goto T, Higuchi R, Nakagomi T, Hirotsu Y, Amemiya K, Oyama T, Mochizuki H, Omata M. The Diagnostic Utility of Cell-Free DNA from Ex Vivo Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071764. [PMID: 35406535 PMCID: PMC8996852 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study aims to detect cell-free DNA released from lung cancer cells into the airway using the ex vivo BAL model of our own establishing. We finally demonstrated that cell-free DNA released from lung cancer cells is more abundant in the airway than in the blood, and the efficient collection of cell-free DNA derived from lung cancer in the airway by BAL and its genomic analysis could allow the accurate diagnosis of lung cancer. We believe that this approach will possibly make a breakthrough in the currently unsatisfactory diagnostic yield for lung cancer, since it is a new and constitutive diagnostic focusing on the gene mutations of lung cancer and their release into the airway in the form of cell-free DNA. Abstract Although bronchoscopy is generally performed to diagnose lung cancer, its diagnostic yield remains unsatisfactory. Assuming that lung cancer cells release cell-free DNA into the epithelial lining fluid, we hypothesized that lung cancer could be diagnosed by analyzing gene mutations in cell-free DNA in this fluid. This study included 32 patients with lung cancer who underwent surgery at our hospital. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on the resected lung samples (ex vivo BAL model) after lobectomy. Each DNA sample (i.e., BAL fluid, primary lesion, and plasma) underwent deep targeted sequencing. Gene mutation analyses in the BAL fluid samples identified mutations identical to those in the primary lesions in 30 (93.8%) of 32 patients. In contrast, the microscopic cytology of the same BAL fluid samples yielded a diagnosis of lung cancer in only one of 32 patients, and the analysis of plasma samples revealed gene mutations identical to those in the primary lesions in only one of 32 patients. In conclusion, cell-free DNA released from lung cancer cells exists more abundantly in the airway than in the blood. The collection and analysis of the BAL fluid containing cell-free DNA derived from lung cancer can thus allow lung cancer diagnosis and the screening of driver mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotaro Otake
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (S.O.); (R.H.); (T.N.)
| | - Taichiro Goto
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (S.O.); (R.H.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-55-253-71111
| | - Rumi Higuchi
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (S.O.); (R.H.); (T.N.)
| | - Takahiro Nakagomi
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (S.O.); (R.H.); (T.N.)
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (Y.H.); (K.A.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (Y.H.); (K.A.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan;
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (Y.H.); (K.A.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan; (Y.H.); (K.A.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Ohyama H, Hirotsu Y, Amemiya K, Oyama T, Iimuro Y, Kojima Y, Mikata R, Mochizuki H, Kato N, Omata M. Detection of actionable mutations in archived cytological bile specimens. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2021; 28:837-847. [PMID: 34022115 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE There are limitations in obtaining sufficient pancreaticobiliary tumor tissue for genomic profiling of tumors. Herein, we investigated whether archived cytological specimen (ACS) is suitable for genomic profiling to identify oncogenic and drug-matched mutations. METHODS We constructed a pancreaticobiliary cancer panel for targeted sequencing covering 60 significantly mutated genes (280 220 bp). Eighty DNA samples (19 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded [FFPE] tissues and 61 ACS) from 44 patients with pancreaticobiliary disease were analyzed. We compared genomic profiles of 19 FFPE and 29 ACS from 19 patients with malignancies (Validation Cohort). We tested 32 ACS from 25 patients (15 malignant and 10 benign) for the ability to discriminate between malignant and benign disorders (Testing Cohort). We explored whether actionable and drug-matched mutations (Validation and Testing Cohorts) could be identified from ACS. RESULTS Oncogenic mutations observed in ACS were identical to those identified in FFPE specimens (76% consistency). Genomic profiling using only ACS discriminated between malignant and benign disorders with 93% accuracy, 91% sensitivity, and 100% specificity. Actionable and drug-matched mutations were identified in 74% and 32% of ACS, respectively, and in 79% and 21% in FFPE samples, respectively. CONCLUSION Archived cytological specimen may be used to discriminate malignancy and to detect drug-matched mutations in patients with advanced pancreaticobiliary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohyama
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Yuji Iimuro
- Department of Surgery, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Rintaro Mikata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan.,University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Lee SW, Lee T, Sul HJ, Park KC, Park J. Differences in Somatic Mutation Profiles between Korean Gastric Cancer and Gastric Adenoma Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10092038. [PMID: 34068652 PMCID: PMC8126162 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10092038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate molecular factors potentially related to the progression of gastric adenoma (GA) to gastric cancer (GC) and compare the mutation characteristics between GC and GA. METHODS We conducted custom gene panel sequencing for 135 GC-related genes and estimated the difference in somatic mutation profiles between 20 GC and 20 GA cases. RESULTS A total of 31 somatic mutations, including 22 missense, 3 nonsense, and 6 frameshift mutations, were detected in 17 samples. We estimated an average of 1.8 mutations per sample (range, 1 to 3 mutations), with 12 in GC and 5 in GA. GC tended to have one or more mutated genes (p = 0.0217), as well as higher allele frequencies of mutated genes (p = 0.0003), compared to GA. Likewise, known driver mutations associated with GC tumorigenesis (TP53, ERBB2, PIK3CA, and RNF43) were identified in half of the GC cases (50%, 10/20; p = 0.0002). Only the mutant burden, regardless of gene type, was retained, with an odds ratio of 1.8392 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0071 to 3.3588; p = 0.0474). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the accumulation of mutant burden contributes to tumorigenesis progression from GA to GC in Korean patients, regardless of the kind of genes. These findings may elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of gastric carcinogenesis and malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Taekyu Lee
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Solutions, Seoul 06349, Korea;
| | - Hae Jung Sul
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943, Korea;
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-250-1218
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Mellert H, Reese J, Jackson L, Maxwell V, Tschida C, Pestano GA. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing of Liquid Biopsy Samples from Patients with NSCLC. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:155. [PMID: 33494470 PMCID: PMC7912015 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy tests have become an integral part of the molecular diagnosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We describe a new test panel that uses very low input (20 ng) of cell-free nucleic acids extracted from human plasma, which is designed to yield results in less than 72 h. In this study, we performed novel amplicon-based targeted next-generation sequencing with a semiconductor-based system, the Ion GeneStudio S5 Prime. The analytic performance of the assay was evaluated using contrived and retrospectively collected clinical specimens. The cumulative percent coefficient of variation for the new test process was very precise at 8.4% for inter-day, 4.0% for inter-operator and 3.4% for inter-instrument. We also observed significant agreement (95.7-100%) with an orthogonal, high-sensitivity droplet digital™ Polymerase Chain Reaction (ddPCR) test. This method offers a valuable supplement to assessing targeted mutations from blood while conserving specimens and maintaining sensitivity, with rapid turn-around times to actionable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hestia Mellert
- Biodesix Inc., 2970 Wilderness Place Suite 100, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; (J.R.); (L.J.); (V.M.); (C.T.); (G.A.P.)
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Development and evaluation of a rapid and cost-efficient NGS-based MHC class I genotyping method for macaques by using a prevalent short-read sequencer. Immunogenetics 2021; 73:175-186. [PMID: 33447871 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhesus macaque is one of the most widely used primate model animals for immunological research of infectious diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It is well known that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genotypes affect the susceptibility and disease progression to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in rhesus macaques, which is resembling to HIV in humans. It is required to convincingly determine the MHC genotypes in the immunological investigations, that is why several next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based methods have been established. In general, NGS-based genotyping methods using short amplicons are not often applied to MHC because of increasing number of alleles and inevitable ambiguity in allele detection, although there is an advantage of short read sequencing systems that are commonly used today. In this study, we developed a new high-throughput NGS-based genotyping method for MHC class I alleles in rhesus macaques and cynomolgus macaques. By using our method, 95% and 100% of alleles identified by PCR cloning-based method were detected in rhesus macaques and cynomolgus macaques, respectively, which were highly correlated with their expression levels. It was noted that the simulation of new-allele detection step using artificial alleles differing by a few nucleotide sequences from a known allele could be identified with high accuracy and that we could detect a real novel allele from a rhesus macaque sample. These findings supported that our method could be adapted for primate animal models such as macaques to reduce the cost and labor of previous NGS-based MHC genotyping.
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Hirotsu Y, Yokoyama H, Amemiya K, Hagimoto T, Hosaka K, Oyama T, Mochizuki H, Omata M. Genomic Profiling Identified ERCC2 E606Q Mutation in Helicase Domain Respond to Platinum-Based Neoadjuvant Therapy in Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1643. [PMID: 32984035 PMCID: PMC7480179 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic profiling of tumors enables therapeutic decisions, and identifying drug-matched mutations will prolong survival and prognosis. Here, we generated a custom panel for detecting genetic alterations in 19 patients with urothelial bladder cancer. This panel targeted 71 genes associated with urological cancer. Targeted sequencing was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. Paired patient-matched tumor and blood samples were subjected to this analysis. A total of 142 somatic mutations were detected in 19 tumor tissues. At least one non-synonymous mutation was detected in all tumor tissues, and KDM6A, KMT2D, TP53, KMT2C, PIK3CA, and ERCC2 were recurrently mutated. Chromatin remodeling and epigenetic modifier genes are frequently mutated. Of 142 mutations, 69 mutations (49%) were annotated to have oncogenic potential. Furthermore, 74% of patients were expected to receive targeted therapy due to drug-matched mutations being identified in their tumors. Among this cohort, a patient harbored an ERCC2 helicase domain mutation and would be expected to respond to platinum-based therapy. As expected, the patient received carboplatin-containing neoadjuvant therapy with a remarkable response. Furthermore, tumor-derived mutations in urine were rapidly decreased after neoadjuvant therapy. These results suggested targeted sequencing could help to detect drug-matched somatic mutations and indicate single or combination therapy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | | | - Kyoko Hosaka
- Department of Urology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
- The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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Hirotsu Y, Hada M, Amemiya K, Oyama T, Mochizuki H, Omata M. Multi-regional sequencing reveals clonal and polyclonal seeding from primary tumor to metastases in advanced gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:553-564. [PMID: 31912238 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-019-01659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor metastases to lymph nodes and distant organs are associated with worse prognosis in gastric cancer. However, little is known about the genetic profiles, subclonal architecture, and evolutional processes across primary tumors and metastases. METHODS We analyzed the genetic alterations of 106 multiregional samples including primary tumors, lymph node metastases, and visceral metastases from 10 patients with advanced gastric cancer. Histologically different portions were obtained by laser-capture microdissection. We reconstructed the subclonal architectures and inferred the primary to lymph or visceral metastatic seeding patterns. RESULTS The different histological portions in primary tumors had common mutations, suggesting common ancestral tumor origins transformed into distinct histological types. In almost all cases, TP53 mutations were identified as clonal mutations across primary tumors and metastases. Subclonal reconstruction and phylogenetic analysis showed primary tumors were classified into monoclonal or polyclonal tumors. All monoclonal primary tumors disseminated as metastases with the same tumor composition (100%, 26/26 samples). In contrast, polyclonal primary tumors mainly spread as metastases by way of polyclonal seeding (84%: 37/44 samples). CONCLUSIONS Clonal mutations were maintained at both the primary and metastatic sites and genetic divergence of these was low. These findings shed light on the genetic basis of primary tumor dissemination and metastatic processes in advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Masao Hada
- Department of Surgery, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan.,The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
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12
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Kunimasa K, Hirotsu Y, Amemiya K, Nagakubo Y, Goto T, Miyashita Y, Kakizaki Y, Tsutsui T, Otake S, Kobayashi H, Higuchi R, Inomata K, Kumagai T, Mochizuki H, Nakamura H, Nakatsuka SI, Nishino K, Imamura F, Kumagai T, Oyama T, Omata M. Genome analysis of peeling archival cytology samples detects driver mutations in lung cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4501-4511. [PMID: 32351019 PMCID: PMC7333826 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONS When tumor tissue samples are unavailable to search for actionable driver mutations, archival cytology samples can be useful. We investigate whether archival cytology samples can yield reliable genomic information compared to corresponding formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples. PATIENTS AND METHODS Pretreatment class V archival cytology samples with adequate tumor cells were selected from 172 lung cancer patients. The genomic profiles of the primary lung tumors have been analyzed through whole-exome regions of 53 genes. We compared the genomic profiles based on the oncogenicity and variant allele frequency (VAF) between the archival cytology and the corresponding primary tumors. We also analyzed the genomic profiles of serial cytological samples during the treatment of EGFR-TKI. RESULTS A total of 43 patients were analyzed with the paired samples for DNA mutations and other three patients were analyzed for their fusion genes. A total of 672 mutations were detected. Of those, 106 mutations (15.8%) were shared with both samples. Sixty of seventy-seven (77.9%) shared mutations were oncogenic or likely oncogenic mutations with VAF ≧10%. As high as 90% (9/10) actionable driver mutations and ALK and ROS1 fusion genes were successfully detected from archival cytology samples. Sequential analysis revealed the dynamic changes in EGFR-TKI-resistant mutation (EGFR p.T790M) during the course of treatment. CONCLUSION Archival cytology sample with adequate tumor cells can yield genetic information compared to the primary tumors. If tumor tissue samples are unavailable, we can use archival cytology samples to search for actionable driver mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagakubo
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Taichiro Goto
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyashita
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kakizaki
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Tsutsui
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sotaro Otake
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Rumi Higuchi
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kie Inomata
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumagai
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Harumi Nakamura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakatsuka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nishino
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumio Imamura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Kumagai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan.,The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Hirotsu Y, Nagakubo Y, Amemiya K, Oyama T, Mochizuki H, Omata M. Microsatellite instability status is determined by targeted sequencing with MSIcall in 25 cancer types. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 502:207-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Dual-molecular barcode sequencing detects rare variants in tumor and cell free DNA in plasma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3391. [PMID: 32099048 PMCID: PMC7042261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional next generation sequencing analysis has provided important insights into cancer genetics. However, the detection of rare (low allele fraction) variants remains difficult because of the error-prone nucleotide changes derived from sequencing/PCR errors. To eliminate the false-positive variants and detect genuine rare variants, sequencing technology combined with molecular barcodes will be useful. Here, we used the newly developed dual-molecular barcode technology (Ion AmpliSeq HD) to analyze somatic mutations in 24 samples (12 tumor tissues and 12 plasma) from 12 patients with biliary-pancreatic and non-small cell lung cancers. We compared the results between next generation sequencing analysis with or without molecular barcode technologies. The variant allele fraction (VAF) between non-molecular barcode and molecular barcode sequencing was correlated in plasma DNA (R2 = 0.956) and tumor (R2 = 0.935). Both methods successfully detected high VAF mutations, however, rare variants were only identified by molecular barcode sequencing and not by non-molecular barcode sequencing. Some of these rare variants in tumors were annotated as pathogenic, and therefore subclonal driver mutations could be observed. Furthermore, the very low VAF down to 0.17% were identified in cell free DNA in plasma. These results demonstrate that the dual molecular barcode sequencing technologies can sensitively detect rare somatic mutations, and will be important in the investigation of the clonal and subclonal architectures of tumor heterogeneity.
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15
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Cai H, Hou X, Ding Y, Fu Z, Wang L, Du Y. Prediction of gastric cancer prognosis in the next-generation sequencing era. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s2575900019300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide, and is caused by complex interactions of multiple risk factors such as environmental (Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr Virus), hereditary (genetic alterations and epigenetic modifications), as well as dietary and lifestyle factors. GC is usually detected at an advanced stage, with a dismal prognosis. Even for patients with similar clinical or pathologic stage receiving similar treatment, the outcomes are still uneven and unpredictable. To better incorporate genetic and epigenetic profiles into GC prognostic predication, gene expression signatures have been developed to predict GC outcomes. More recently, the advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology, also known as next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, and analysis has provided the basis for accurate molecular classification of GC tumors. Here, we summarized and updated the literature related to NGS studies of GC, including whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and targeted sequencing, and discussed current progresses. NGS has facilitated the identification of genetic/epigenetic targets for screening as well as development of targeted agent therapy, thus enabling individualized patient management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Hou
- PLA Marine Corps Hospital, Chaozhou, Guangdong 521000, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxing Fu
- Ningguo Bio-Leader Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Anhui, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive, Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Du
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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16
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Nagakubo Y, Hirotsu Y, Amemiya K, Oyama T, Mochizuki H, Omata M. Accurate detection of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations in metastatic colorectal cancers by bridged nucleic acid-clamp real-time PCR. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:162. [PMID: 31711486 PMCID: PMC6849194 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer can benefit from anti-EGFR therapy, such as cetuximab and panitumumab. However, colorectal cancers harboring constitutive activating mutations in KRAS, NRAS and BRAF genes are not responsive to anti-EGFR therapy. To select patients for appropriate treatment, genetic testing of these three genes is routinely performed. METHODS We applied bridged nucleic acid-clamp real-time PCR (BNA-clamp PCR) to detect somatic hotspot mutations in KRAS, NRAS and BRAF. PCR products from BNA-clamp PCR were subsequently analyzed Sanger sequencing. We then compared results with those from the PCR-reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (PCR-rSSO) method, which has been used as in vitro diagnostic test in Japan. To validate the mutation status, we also performed next generation sequencing using all samples. RESULTS In 50 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, KRAS mutations were detected at frequencies of 50% (25/50) and 52% (26/50) by PCR-rSSO and BNA-clamp PCR with Sanger sequencing, respectively, and NRAS mutations were detected at 12% (6/50) and 12% (6/50) by PCR-rSSO and BNA-clamp PCR with Sanger sequencing, respectively. The concordance rate for detection of KRAS and NRAS mutations between the two was 94% (47/50). However, there were three discordant results. We validated these three discordant and 47 concordant results by next generation sequencing. All mutations identified by BNA-clamp PCR with Sanger sequencing were also identified by next generation sequencing. BNA-clamp PCR detected BRAF mutations in 6% (3/50) of tumor samples. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that BNA-clamp PCR with Sanger sequencing detects somatic mutations in KRAS, NRAS and BRAF with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nagakubo
- Division of Genetics and Clinical Laboratory, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Division of Genetics and Clinical Laboratory, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan. .,Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Division of Genetics and Clinical Laboratory, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.,The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Hirotsu Y, Yokoyama H, Amemiya K, Hagimoto T, Daimon H, Hosaka K, Oyama T, Mochizuki H, Omata M. Genomic profile of urine has high diagnostic sensitivity compared to cytology in non-invasive urothelial bladder cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3235-3243. [PMID: 31368627 PMCID: PMC6778642 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytology is widely conducted for diagnosis of urothelial bladder cancer; however, its sensitivity is still low. Recent studies show that liquid biopsies can reflect tumor genomic profiles. We aim to investigate whether plasma or urine is more suitable for detecting tumor‐derived DNA in patients with early‐stage urothelial bladder cancer. Targeted sequencing of 71 genes was carried out using a total of 150 samples including primary tumor, urine supernatant, urine precipitation, plasma and buffy coat from 25 patients with bladder cancer and five patients with cystitis and benign tumor. We compared mutation profiles between each sample, identified tumor‐identical mutations and compared tumor diagnostic sensitivities between urine and conventional cytology. We identified a total of 168 somatic mutations in primary tumor. In liquid biopsies, tumor‐identical mutations were found at 53% (89/168) in urine supernatant, 48% (81/168) in urine precipitation and 2% (3/168) in plasma. The high variant allele fraction of urine was significantly related to worse clinical indicators such as tumor invasion and cytological examination. Although conventional cytology detected tumor cells in only 22% of non‐invasive tumor, tumor diagnostic sensitivity increased to 67% and 78% using urine supernatant and precipitation, respectively. Urine is an ideal liquid biopsy for detecting tumor‐derived DNA and more precisely reflects tumor mutational profiles than plasma. Genomic analysis of urine is clinically useful for diagnosis of superficial bladder cancer at early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Urology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Hagimoto
- Department of Urology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hironori Daimon
- Department of Urology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hosaka
- Department of Urology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan.,The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Takaoka S, Hirotsu Y, Ohyama H, Mochizuki H, Amemiya K, Oyama T, Ashizawa H, Yoshimura D, Nakagomi K, Hosoda K, Suzuki Y, Kojima Y, Omata M. Molecular subtype switching in early-stage gastric cancers with multiple occurrences. J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:674-686. [PMID: 30666417 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-019-01547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple gastric cancers at the same time (synchronous) or recurrence after 1 year (metachronous) are frequently encountered. Since their genetic profiles were not well elucidated, we molecularly subtyped the genetic events of synchronous and metachronous early-stage gastric cancers. METHODS We studied mismatch repair (MMR) genes in 84 tumors from 31 patients (15 synchronous and 16 metachronous) by immunohistochemistry. We performed microsatellite instability analysis and targeted sequencing of 58 significantly mutated genes (SMGs) in 35 tumors from thirteen patients. Genomic data from TCGA were used for comparisons with advanced-stage cancers. RESULTS Among the 31 patients, at least one deficient-MMR (dMMR) tumor was observed in eight (26%). Of eight patients, seven showed a mixture of proficient-MMR (pMMR) and dMMR tumors. The one case with only dMMR had six recurrent tumors within 2 years. To further subtype, we sequenced 58 SMGs in 35 samples (25 pMMR and 10 dMMR) from thirteen patients. In 35 samples, 163 mutations were identified, but none matched in almost cases, strongly indicating different clonal origins, whether synchronous or metachronous occurrences. Of the 25 pMMR cases, 1 belonged to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), 24 belonged to chromosomal instability (CIN) subtypes. Of the thirteen cases, repetitive CIN, a mixture of CIN and MSI, a mixture of CIN and EBV, and repetitive MSI were observed in nine (70%), two (15%), one (8%) and one (8%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite multiple tumors occurring in the same patient simultaneously or several years apart, clonal origin was totally different. 'Switching' or 'mixing' of dMMR and pMMR, EBV or CIN occurred, which had clinical relevance with regard to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Takaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ohyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.,Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ashizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Dai Yoshimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakagomi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoji Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.,The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Ascierto PA, Bifulco C, Palmieri G, Peters S, Sidiropoulos N. Preanalytic Variables and Tissue Stewardship for Reliable Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Clinical Analysis. J Mol Diagn 2019; 21:756-767. [PMID: 31251989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An enduring goal of personalized medicine in cancer is the ability to identify patients who are likely to respond to specific therapies. Our growing understanding of the biology and molecular signatures of individual tumor types has facilitated the identification of predictive biomarkers and has led to an increasing number of diagnostic tests to be performed, often as serial and distinct assays on limited tumor specimens. The biomarker diagnostics field has been revolutionized by next-generation sequencing (NGS), which provides a comprehensive overview of the genomic profile of a tumor. Many preanalytic variables can influence the accuracy and reliability of NGS results. Standardization of preanalytic variables is, however, complicated by the plethora of specimen acquisition and processing methods. Variables across the tissue journey, including specimen acquisition, specimen fixation, and sectioning, as well as postfixation processing, such as nucleic acid extraction, library preparation, and choice of sequencing methods, are critical for the reliability of NGS analysis; thus, standardization would be beneficial. In this article, each step in the tissue journey is outlined, with specific focus on preanalytic variables that can influence NGS results. Practical considerations for standardization of these variables are provided to facilitate accurate, reliable, and reproducible NGS-based molecular characterization of tumors, ultimately informing diagnosis and guiding treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo A Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bifulco
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry - National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nikoletta Sidiropoulos
- University of Vermont Health Network, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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20
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Nakagomi T, Hirotsu Y, Goto T, Shikata D, Yokoyama Y, Higuchi R, Otake S, Amemiya K, Oyama T, Mochizuki H, Omata M. Clinical Implications of Noncoding Indels in the Surfactant-Encoding Genes in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040552. [PMID: 30999697 PMCID: PMC6520783 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer arises from the accumulation of genetic mutations, usually in exons. A recent study identified indel mutations in the noncoding region of surfactant-encoding genes in lung adenocarcinoma cases. In this study, we recruited 94 patients with 113 lung cancers (88 adenocarcinomas, 16 squamous cell carcinomas, and nine other histologies) who had undergone surgery in our department. A cancer panel was designed in-house for analyzing the noncoding regions, and targeted sequencing was performed. Indels in the noncoding region of surfactant-encoding genes were identified in 29/113 (25.7%) cases and represent the precise cell of origin for the lung cancer, irrespective of histological type and/or disease stage. In clinical practice, these indels may be used as clonal markers in patients with multiple cancers and to determine the origin of cancer of unknown primary site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakagomi
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Taichiro Goto
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Daichi Shikata
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Yujiro Yokoyama
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Rumi Higuchi
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Sotaro Otake
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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21
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Deficiency of mismatch repair genes is less frequently observed in signet ring cell compared with non-signet ring cell gastric cancer. Med Oncol 2019; 36:23. [PMID: 30694393 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-019-1246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Signet ring cell (SRC) gastric cancer at advanced stage has poor prognosis. While a recent study reported nearly one-third of SRC cases contain tumors with deficient mismatch repair (MMR) genes, other studies in SRC have been inconclusive. To re-analyze the results, we performed immunohistochemical staining of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 proteins in 38 SRC gastric tumors compared with 109 non-SRC (NSRC) tumors from 94 patients. In contrast to the previous study, all SRC gastric tumors normally expressed MMR proteins, whereas 22 of 109 of NSRC (20%) showed deficient MMR proteins. To reinforce our results, we referred to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) genomic database and found that only 6 (6%) of 99 samples with diffuse gastric tumors showed deficient MMR, whereas 64 (21%) of 304 in intestinal gastric tumors showed deficient MMR. Our results as well as the TCGA database indicated that MMR genes are infrequently inactivated in SRC gastric cancer. These findings indicate that SRC patients may not be the best candidates for immuno-oncology therapy.
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22
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Amemiya K, Hirotsu Y, Oyama T, Omata M. Simple and Rapid Method to Obtain High-quality Tumor DNA from Clinical-pathological Specimens Using Touch Imprint Cytology. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29630047 DOI: 10.3791/56943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is critical to determine the mutational status in cancer before administration and treatment of specific molecular targeted drugs for cancer patients. In the clinical setting, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are widely used for genetic testing. However, FFPE DNA is generally damaged and fragmented during the fixation process with formalin. Therefore, FFPE DNA is sometimes not adequate for genetic testing because of low quality and quantity of DNA. Here we present a method of touch imprint cytology (TIC) to obtain genomic DNA from cancer cells, which can be observed under a microscope. Cell morphology and cancer cell numbers can be evaluated using TIC specimens. Furthermore, the extraction of genomic DNA from TIC samples can be completed within two days. The total amount and quality of TIC DNA obtained using this method was higher than that of FFPE DNA. This rapid and simple method allows researchers to obtain high-quality DNA for genetic testing (e.g., next generation sequencing analysis, digital PCR, and quantitative real time PCR) and to shorten the turnaround time for reporting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital; Pathology Division, Laboratory Department, Yamanashi Central Hospital
| | | | - Toshio Oyama
- Pathology Division, Laboratory Department, Yamanashi Central Hospital
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital; The University of Tokyo
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23
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Verma R, Sharma PC. Next generation sequencing-based emerging trends in molecular biology of gastric cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:207-225. [PMID: 29511593 PMCID: PMC5835690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related mortality in the world. Being asymptomatic in nature till advanced stage, diagnosis of gastric cancer becomes difficult in early stages of the disease. The onset and progression of gastric cancer has been attributed to multiple factors including genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications, Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection, and dietary habits. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) based approaches viz. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), Whole Exome Sequencing (WES), RNA-Seq, and targeted sequencing have expanded the knowledge base of molecular pathogenesis of gastric cancer. In this review, we highlight recent NGS-based advances covering various genetic alterations (Microsatellite Instability, Single Nucleotide Variations, and Copy Number Variations), epigenetic changes (DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNAs) and differential gene expression during gastric tumorigenesis. We also briefly discuss the current and future potential biomarkers, drugs and therapeutic approaches available for the management of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Verma
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha UniversityNew Delhi 110078, India
| | - Prakash C Sharma
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha UniversityNew Delhi 110078, India
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24
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Abstract
Objectives Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas are rare and generally aggressive tumors composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components; however, the evolution of sarcomatoid cancer has not been elucidated. Here, we aimed to evaluate the mutational profiles and phylogeny of sarcomatoid carcinomas using next generation sequencing and in-silico analysis to facilitate the development of novel therapies. Methods Four patients who underwent surgery for sarcomatoid cancer were enrolled. Cancer cells were collected from carcinomatous and sarcomatous components in each tumor by laser capture microdissection. Next-generation sequencing was performed in each component, and the mutation profiles were compared. For further inference of phylogenies, phylogenetic and PyClone analyses were performed. Mismatch repair disturbance and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression were also evaluated. Results Comparative genetic analysis of different histological areas revealed that the separate components shared several common mutations, which showed relatively high cellular prevalence in the PyClone statistical inference. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the sarcomatous component had ramified from the carcinomatous component in the early phase of the evolution process and accumulated a number of mutations that were different from those of the carcinomatous component. Moreover, microsatellite instability was detected in a case of sarcomatoid cancer and PD-L1 was strongly positive (≥ 50%) in all sarcomatoid cancers. Conclusions Our data suggest that sarcomatoid carcinoma evolves from a common ancestral clone, and its phylogenetic features may reflect high-grade malignancy in pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma. High tumor mutation burden and strong PD-L1 staining may provide a rationale for the use of targeted immunotherapies in pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas.
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25
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Hirsch B, Endris V, Lassmann S, Weichert W, Pfarr N, Schirmacher P, Kovaleva V, Werner M, Bonzheim I, Fend F, Sperveslage J, Kaulich K, Zacher A, Reifenberger G, Köhrer K, Stepanow S, Lerke S, Mayr T, Aust DE, Baretton G, Weidner S, Jung A, Kirchner T, Hansmann ML, Burbat L, von der Wall E, Dietel M, Hummel M. Multicenter validation of cancer gene panel-based next-generation sequencing for translational research and molecular diagnostics. Virchows Arch 2018; 472:557-565. [PMID: 29374318 PMCID: PMC5924673 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous detection of multiple somatic mutations in the context of molecular diagnostics of cancer is frequently performed by means of amplicon-based targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, only few studies are available comparing multicenter testing of different NGS platforms and gene panels. Therefore, seven partner sites of the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) performed a multicenter interlaboratory trial for targeted NGS using the same formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimen of molecularly pre-characterized tumors (n = 15; each n = 5 cases of Breast, Lung, and Colon carcinoma) and a colorectal cancer cell line DNA dilution series. Detailed information regarding pre-characterized mutations was not disclosed to the partners. Commercially available and custom-designed cancer gene panels were used for library preparation and subsequent sequencing on several devices of two NGS different platforms. For every case, centrally extracted DNA and FFPE tissue sections for local processing were delivered to each partner site to be sequenced with the commercial gene panel and local bioinformatics. For cancer-specific panel-based sequencing, only centrally extracted DNA was analyzed at seven sequencing sites. Subsequently, local data were compiled and bioinformatics was performed centrally. We were able to demonstrate that all pre-characterized mutations were re-identified correctly, irrespective of NGS platform or gene panel used. However, locally processed FFPE tissue sections disclosed that the DNA extraction method can affect the detection of mutations with a trend in favor of magnetic bead-based DNA extraction methods. In conclusion, targeted NGS is a very robust method for simultaneous detection of various mutations in FFPE tissue specimens if certain pre-analytical conditions are carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hirsch
- Campus Mitte, Institute of Pathology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Virchowweg 15, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - V Endris
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Lassmann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstraße 115A, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - W Weichert
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - N Pfarr
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - P Schirmacher
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Kovaleva
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstraße 115A, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Werner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstraße 115A, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - I Bonzheim
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - F Fend
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - J Sperveslage
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - K Kaulich
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf and Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - A Zacher
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf and Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - G Reifenberger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf and Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - K Köhrer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf and Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - S Stepanow
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf and Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - S Lerke
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Mayr
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - D E Aust
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - G Baretton
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Weidner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Thalkirchner Straße 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - A Jung
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Thalkirchner Straße 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - T Kirchner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Thalkirchner Straße 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - M L Hansmann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Burbat
- Campus Mitte, Institute of Pathology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Virchowweg 15, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E von der Wall
- Campus Mitte, Institute of Pathology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Virchowweg 15, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Dietel
- Campus Mitte, Institute of Pathology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Virchowweg 15, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Hummel
- Campus Mitte, Institute of Pathology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Virchowweg 15, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Hirotsu Y, Ooka Y, Sakamoto I, Nakagomi H, Omata M. Simultaneous detection of genetic and copy number alterations in BRCA1/2 genes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114463-114473. [PMID: 29383094 PMCID: PMC5777706 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (BRCA1/2) predispose to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC), and their dysregulation increases the risk of cancers. The detection of pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants is essential for the diagnosis and prevention of HBOC, and for offering treatment decisions for patients. Therefore, there is a growing demand for the development of accurate, rapid assay systems that simultaneously detect pathogenic variants and copy number alterations. Here, we tested Thermo Fisher Scientific's newly developed Oncomine®BRCA1/2 Panel. We showed that all mutations in standard reference DNA were detected with high accuracy, and that values of allelic fractions were detected with high concordance (R2 = 0.9986). The Oncomine®BRCA1/2 Panel detected 21 pathogenic germline variants in 147 patients with breast and/or ovarian cancer, of which 20 were detected by the previously-launched Ion AmpliSeq™ BRCA1/2 Panel, except for one frameshift mutation. The Oncomine®BRCA1/2 Panel precisely captured one additional frameshift mutation, which is difficult to detect because of the homopolymer site. Large genomic deletion was identified in one sample, which was previously detected by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Oncomine®BRCA1/2 Panel could accurately detect pathogenic variant and copy number alteration, and be an alternative assay to investigate BRCA1/2 germline and somatic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ooka
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Ikuko Sakamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Fujimi Kofu-City, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagomi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan
- University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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27
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Goto T, Hirotsu Y, Nakagomi T, Shikata D, Yokoyama Y, Amemiya K, Tsutsui T, Kakizaki Y, Oyama T, Mochizuki H, Miyashita Y, Omata M. Detection of tumor-derived DNA dispersed in the airway improves the diagnostic accuracy of bronchoscopy for lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:79404-79413. [PMID: 29108319 PMCID: PMC5668052 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic accuracy of bronchoscopy for detecting lung cancer, especially peripheral lung cancer with lesions outside the endoscopically visible range, remains unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to perform next-generation sequencing on bronchoscopic specimens to determine whether this improves the accuracy of bronchoscopy for diagnosing lung cancer and to identify factors influencing sensitivity. The bronchoscopic sensitivity for diagnosing lung cancer was initially evaluated in 191 patients who underwent lobectomy after bronchoscopy at our hospital. Sputum, bronchial wash fluid, and resected lung cancer specimens were subsequently collected from 18 patients with peripheral small cell lung cancer for genomic analysis. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical tissue specimens and the supernatant and cell fractions of sputum and bronchial wash fluid. Deep sequencing was performed using a lung cancer panel covering all exons of 53 lung cancer-related genes. The bronchoscopic sensitivity for diagnosing lung cancer at our hospital was 60.7%. Multivariate analysis revealed that this was influenced by tumor size and location, but not histological type or lymph node metastasis. The sensitivity was the highest for biopsy followed by curettage and bronchial wash specimens. DNA mutations homologous to those identified in the primary lesions were detected in the bronchial wash fluid of 10 patients (55.6%), while only 2 patients (11.1%) were diagnosed with lung cancer based on conventional cytological examinations. In conclusion, the addition of genomic analysis to routine pathological examinations improves the diagnostic accuracy of bronchoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichiro Goto
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakagomi
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Daichi Shikata
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yujiro Yokoyama
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Tsutsui
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kakizaki
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyashita
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
- University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Nakagomi H, Hirotsu Y, Okimoto K, Sakamoto I, Amemiya K, Nakagomi S, Kubota T, Mochizuki H, Omata M. PALB2 mutation in a woman with bilateral breast cancer: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 6:556-560. [PMID: 28413668 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Partner and localizer of breast cancer 2 (PALB2) was identified as a moderate-risk gene of breast and pancreas cancer. The present authors previously reported that no PALB2 germline mutations with a deleterious frameshift or stop codons were identified in 155 Japanese patients with breast and/or ovarian cancer who were estimated to be at risk of hereditary cancer, according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) criteria. In the present study, one patient with a deleterious mutation of PALB2 (c. 2834+2 T>C) has been identified from a study of an additional 128 cases. Therefore, the prevalence of PALB2 among Japanese patients is now estimated to be 0.35% (1/283). The proband was a 63-year-old woman with bilateral breast cancer, although she had experienced no other cancers. The proband had two elder sisters, the eldest of whom died from pancreatic cancer at 60 years of age. The proband's 40-year-old daughter was affected, but did not show any malignancies. There are only a few reports concerning PALB2 mutations in Japan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case study to reveal the significance of DNA-repair genes in the development of malignancies in Japanese patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakagomi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Okimoto
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Ikuko Sakamoto
- Department of Gynecology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan
| | - Satoko Nakagomi
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Takeo Kubota
- Yamanashi Prefecture Red Cross Blood Center, Japanese Red Cross Society, Kofu, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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29
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Goto T, Hirotsu Y, Mochizuki H, Nakagomi T, Oyama T, Amemiya K, Omata M. Stepwise addition of genetic changes correlated with histological change from "well-differentiated" to "sarcomatoid" phenotypes: a case report. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:65. [PMID: 28103823 PMCID: PMC5248474 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcomatoid cancer is defined by the World Health Organization as a category of non-small cell lung cancers with sarcoma or sarcoma-like differentiation. They are characterized by poor prognosis and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. However, the mutational profile of sarcomatoid cancer remains yet to be elucidated. Sarcomatoid cancers are usually biphasic tumors composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components, but the evolutional development of sarcomatoid cancer is controversial. CASE PRESENTATION We present an illustrative case of sarcomatoid cancer composed of three different histological areas. Targeted sequencing of 53 lung cancer-related genes was performed in each component and their phenotypic changes were correlated with stepwise addition of genetic changes. CONCLUSION Sarcomatous change of carcinoma occurs in the case of sarcomatoid cancer, and phenotypic changes to sarcomatoid cancer are associated with the addition of mutation patterns and derived from poorly differentiation tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichiro Goto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, 400-8506 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, 400-8506 Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakagomi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshio Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, 400-8506 Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi, 400-8506 Japan
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