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Song N, Zhu Y, Cui Y, Lv M, Tang Y, Cui Z, Dang G, Zheng H, Liu S. Vitamin B and Vitamin C Affect DNA Methylation and Amino Acid Metabolism in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:812. [PMID: 32390998 PMCID: PMC7188828 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are essential nutrients and key cofactors of enzymes that regulate cellular metabolism, and also activate the immune system. Recent studies have shown that vitamin B1 (VB 1) and vitamin C (Vc) can inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth, but the precise mechanism is still not well understood. In the present study, we have used RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to analyze the transcriptional, metabolic and methylation profiles of Mycobacterium bovis BCG when treated with VB 1 and Vc. Our results show that, after vitamin treatment, variant metabolites were mainly clustered in pathways related to amino acid metabolism. Treatment with both vitamins significantly up-regulated the gene encoding cysteine synthase A. Additionally, only BCG that was treated with VC showed m4c modifications. Genes harboring this methylation were up-regulated, suggesting that m4c methylation can promote gene transcription to some extent. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of the effects of VB 1 and VC, and suggests that these vitamins constitute potential anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yiyi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ziyin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghui Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Pei Z, Wu K, Li Z, Li C, Zeng L, Li F, Pei N, Liu H, Zhang SL, Song YZ, Zhang X, Xu J, Fan XY, Wang J. Pharmacologic ascorbate as a pro-drug for hydrogen peroxide release to kill mycobacteria. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:2119-2127. [PMID: 30551469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tuberculosis is one of the most highly fatal diseases worldwide, and one-third of the world's population has been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). A previous study showed that M. tuberculosis was highly susceptible to being killed by ascorbate (i.e. vitamin C, VC), but the molecular mechanisms of the bactericidal activity of VC against M. tuberculosis are still not well understood. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We assayed the effects of VC as an anti-tuberculosis drug against mycobacteria (i.e. M. bovis BCG or M. tuberculosis H37Rv) in macrophages (i.e. RAW 264.7 cells). Relative global protein expression changes in 5 mM VC-treated and control samples of H37Rv were investigated by Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis. qRT-PCR was also used to measure the differential expression of six intracellular stress response mycobacteria genes. KEY RESULTS Quantitative proteomic analysis showed that 11 peptide components including rip3, fdxA, Rv2028c, mtp, LH57_00670, hspX, pfkB, Rv1824, Rv1813c, LH57_08410 and Rv2030c were up-regulated and 17 peptide components were down-regulated in 5 mM VC-treated H37Rv compared with the control samples. qRT-PCR also verified that VC could induce the expression of six genes (hsp, fdxD, furA, devR, hspX, and dnaB) in BCG and H37Rv. We also found that exosomes from RAW 264.7 cells treated with pharmacologic VC could kill M. bovis BCG in vitro. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results demonstrated that the bactericidal activity of VC against mycobacteria, as a pro-drug for hydrogen peroxide formation (H2O2), was dependent on reactive oxygen species production and the activated oxidative stress pathway, which suggested that pharmaceutical VC and exosomes from macrophages treated with VC could be used as potential anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglin Pei
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Respirology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Pei
- TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Lin Zhang
- TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Zheng Song
- TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Fan
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China; TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China.
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Multifaceted remodeling by vitamin C boosts sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis subpopulations to combination treatment by anti-tubercular drugs. Redox Biol 2018; 15:452-466. [PMID: 29413958 PMCID: PMC5975079 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial dormancy is a major impediment to the eradication of tuberculosis (TB), because currently used drugs primarily target actively replicating bacteria. Therefore, decoding of the critical survival pathways in dormant tubercle bacilli is a research priority to formulate new approaches for killing these bacteria. Employing a network-based gene expression analysis approach, we demonstrate that redox active vitamin C (vit C) triggers a multifaceted and robust adaptation response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) involving ~ 67% of the genome. Vit C-adapted bacteria display well-described features of dormancy, including growth stasis and progression to a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, loss of acid-fastness and reduction in length, dissipation of reductive stress through triglyceride (TAG) accumulation, protective response to oxidative stress, and tolerance to first line TB drugs. VBNC bacteria are reactivatable upon removal of vit C and they recover drug susceptibility properties. Vit C synergizes with pyrazinamide, a unique TB drug with sterilizing activity, to kill dormant and replicating bacteria, negating any tolerance to rifampicin and isoniazid in combination treatment in both in-vitro and intracellular infection models. Finally, the vit C multi-stress redox models described here also offer a unique opportunity for concurrent screening of compounds/combinations active against heterogeneous subpopulations of Mtb. These findings suggest a novel strategy of vit C adjunctive therapy by modulating bacterial physiology for enhanced efficacy of combination chemotherapy with existing drugs, and also possible synergies to guide new therapeutic combinations towards accelerating TB treatment. Vitamin C induces dormancy and reversible VBNC state in M. tuberculosis. Dormancy is achieved through a well-coordinated multifaceted bacterial response. Vitamin C synergy with pyrazinamide negates bacterial tolerance to other TB drugs. Vitamin C adjunctive therapy is a potential strategy for shortening chemotherapy. Vitamin C-based models are novel screening platforms for new compounds/combinations.
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