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Torsabo D, Ishak SD, Noordin NM, Waiho K, Koh ICC, Yazed MA, Abol-Munafi AB. Optimizing reproductive performance in pangasius catfish broodstock: A review of dietary and molecular strategies. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 25:100375. [PMID: 39005967 PMCID: PMC11245938 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pangasius catfish, a significant player in the global whitefish market, encounters challenges in aquaculture production sustainability. Quality broodstock maintenance and seed production are impeded by growth, maturation, and fecundity issues. This review investigates the efficacy of strategic nutrient composition and molecular strategies in enhancing broodstock conditions and reproductive performance across various fish species. A notable knowledge gap for Pangasius catfish hampers aquaculture progress. The review assesses nutrient manipulation's impact on reproductive physiology, emphasizing pangasius broodstock. A systematic review analysis following PRISMA guidelines was conducted to identify research trends and hotspots quantitatively, revealing a focus on P. bocourti and fertilization techniques. Addressing this gap, the review offers insights into dietary nutrients manipulation and genetic tool utilization for improved seed production, contributing to pangasius catfish aquaculture sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Torsabo
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Sairatul Dahlianis Ishak
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Noordiyana Mat Noordin
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Khor Waiho
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Guangxi, China
- Center for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ivan Chong Chu Koh
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Abduh Yazed
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ambok Bolong Abol-Munafi
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Tawfik MM, Betancor MB, McMillan S, Norambuena F, Tocher DR, Douglas A, Martin SAM. Modulation of metabolic and immunoregulatory pathways in the gut transcriptome of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) after early nutritional programming during first feeding with plant-based diet. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1412821. [PMID: 39015564 PMCID: PMC11249740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1412821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Plant-based nutritional programming is the concept of exposing fish at very early life stages to a plant-based diet for a short duration to improve physiological responses when exposed to a similar plant-rich diet at a later developmental stage. The mechanisms of action underlying nutritional programming have not been fully deciphered, and the responses may be controlled at multiple levels. Methods This 22-week study examines gut transcriptional changes after nutritional programming. Triplicate groups of Atlantic salmon were fed with a plant (V) vs. a marine-rich (M, control) diet for 2 weeks (stimulus phase) at the first exogenous feeding. Both stimulus fish groups (M and V fish) were then fed the M diet for 12 weeks (intermediate phase) and lastly fed the V diet (challenge phase) for 6 weeks, generating two dietary regimes (MMV and VMV) across phases. This study used a whole-transcriptome approach to analyse the effects of the V diet at the end of stimulus (short-term effects) and 22 weeks post-first feeding (long-term effects). After the stimulus, due to its developmental stage, the whole intestine was used, whereas, after the challenge, pyloric caeca and middle and distal intestines were examined. Results and discussion At the stimulus end, genes with increased expression in V fish enriched pathways including regulatory epigenetic responses and lipid metabolism, and genes involved in innate immune response were downregulated. In the middle intestine at the end of the challenge, expression levels of genes of lipid, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism were increased in V fish, while M fish revealed increased expression of genes associated with autoimmune and acute adaptive immune response. The distal intestine of V fish showed increased expression of genes associated with immune response and potential immune tolerance. Conversely, the distal intestine of M fish at challenge revealed upregulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways, tissue degeneration, and apoptotic responses. The present study demonstrated nutritional programming-associated changes in the intestinal transcriptome, with altered expression of genes involved in both immune responses and different metabolic processes. While there were limited changes in growth between the groups, the results show that there were transcriptional differences, suggesting a programming response, although the mechanism of this response still requires to be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mamdouh Tawfik
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mónica B. Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart McMillan
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | | | - Douglas R. Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Alex Douglas
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel A. M. Martin
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Inoue Y, Suzuki Y, Kunishima Y, Washio T, Morishita S, Takeda H. High-fat diet in early life triggers both reversible and persistent epigenetic changes in the medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:472. [PMID: 37605229 PMCID: PMC10441761 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nutritional status during early life can have enduring effects on an animal's metabolism, although the mechanisms underlying these long-term effects are still unclear. Epigenetic modifications are considered a prime candidate mechanism for encoding early-life nutritional memories during this critical developmental period. However, the extent to which these epigenetic changes occur and persist over time remains uncertain, in part due to challenges associated with directly stimulating the fetus with specific nutrients in viviparous mammalian systems. RESULTS In this study, we used medaka as an oviparous vertebrate model to establish an early-life high-fat diet (HFD) model. Larvae were fed with HFD from the hatching stages (one week after fertilization) for six weeks, followed by normal chow (NC) for eight weeks until the adult stage. We examined the changes in the transcriptomic and epigenetic state of the liver over this period. We found that HFD induces simple liver steatosis, accompanied by drastic changes in the hepatic transcriptome, chromatin accessibility, and histone modifications, especially in metabolic genes. These changes were largely reversed after the long-term NC, demonstrating the high plasticity of the epigenetic state in hepatocytes. However, we found a certain number of genomic loci showing non-reversible epigenetic changes, especially around genes related to cell signaling, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, implying persistent changes in the cellular state of the liver triggered by early-life HFD feeding. CONCLUSION In summary, our data show that early-life HFD feeding triggers both reversible and persistent epigenetic changes in medaka hepatocytes. Our data provide novel insights into the epigenetic mechanism of nutritional programming and a comprehensive atlas of the long-term epigenetic state in an early-life HFD model of non-mammalian vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kunishima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Terumi Washio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinichi Morishita
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
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Panasiak L, Kuciński M, Hliwa P, Pomianowski K, Ocalewicz K. Telomerase Activity in Somatic Tissues and Ovaries of Diploid and Triploid Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Females. Cells 2023; 12:1772. [PMID: 37443805 PMCID: PMC10340188 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase activity has been found in the somatic tissues of rainbow trout. The enzyme is essential for maintaining telomere length but also assures homeostasis of the fish organs, playing an important role during tissue regeneration. The unique morphological and physiological characteristics of triploid rainbow trout, when compared to diploid specimens, make them a promising model for studies concerning telomerase activity. Thus, in this study, we examined the expression of the Tert gene in various organs of subadult and adult diploid and triploid rainbow trout females. Upregulated Tert mRNA transcription was observed in all the examined somatic tissues sampled from the triploid fish when compared to diploid individuals. Contrastingly, Tert expression in the ovaries was significantly decreased in the triploid specimens. Within the diploids, the highest expression of Tert was observed in the liver and in the ovaries of the subadult individuals. In the triploids, Tert expression was increased in the somatic tissues, while the ovaries exhibited lower activity of telomerase compared to other organs and decreased compared to the ovaries in the diploids. The ovaries of triploid individuals were underdeveloped, consisting of only a few oocytes. The lack of germ cells, which are usually characterized by high Tert expression, might be responsible for the decrease in telomerase activity in the triploid ovaries. The increase in Tert expression in triploid somatic tissues suggests that they require higher telomerase activity to cope with environmental stress and maintain internal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Panasiak
- Department of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, M. Piłsudskiego 46 Av., 81-378 Gdynia, Poland; (M.K.); (K.O.)
| | - Marcin Kuciński
- Department of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, M. Piłsudskiego 46 Av., 81-378 Gdynia, Poland; (M.K.); (K.O.)
| | - Piotr Hliwa
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquaculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska St. 117, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Konrad Pomianowski
- Laboratory of Physiology of Marine Organisms, Genetics and Marine Biotechnology Department, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland;
| | - Konrad Ocalewicz
- Department of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, M. Piłsudskiego 46 Av., 81-378 Gdynia, Poland; (M.K.); (K.O.)
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Schwepe CW, Wojno M, Molinari GS, Kwasek K. The Effects of Plant Protein-Enriched Live Food on Larval Zebrafish Growth and the Status of Its Digestive Tract Development. Zebrafish 2022; 19:229-240. [PMID: 36367699 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2022.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Live food is necessary for the proper development of zebrafish larvae, providing nutrition in a form that is easily digestible and available to the larvae. Live food is commonly enriched to increase the dietary content of certain nutrients. However, little research has been done on protein-based enrichments, especially those of plant origin. This study sought to examine how different quality protein enrichments affected the composition of live food as well as growth and digestive tract development of larval zebrafish, Danio rerio. Larval zebrafish were fed from 3 to 22 days posthatch (dph) with one of six live food (rotifers Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia spp.) treatments: (1) live food with no enrichment (starved; control); (2) live food enriched with commercially used Spirulina spp. algae; (3) live food enriched with soybean meal (SBM); (4) live feed enriched with soy protein concentrate (SPC); (5) live feed enriched with a fishmeal hydrolysate; and (6) live feed enriched with intact fishmeal (FM). Proximate composition of live food was significantly affected by enrichment, in particular, protein content of rotifers was significantly increased by enrichment with SBM. Zebrafish fed SBM-enriched live food showed longer total body length than all other groups, except SPC. Zebrafish in the SBM group also showed increased gene expression of chymotrypsin in the intestine, possibly indicating improved intestinal development and extracellular digestion, which likely contributed to improved growth. Conversely, zebrafish fed hydrolysate-enriched live food showed reduced gene expression of alkaline phosphatase, possibly indicating a less developed intestinal tract, correlating with reduced growth compared to SBM group. Overall, plant protein was shown to be a promising source of live food enrichment for improving larval zebrafish growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor W Schwepe
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Michal Wojno
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Giovanni S Molinari
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Karolina Kwasek
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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L M, C H, V V, J L, M M, E Q, T C, M DN, F M. A plant-based diet differentially affects the global hepatic methylome in rainbow trout depending on genetic background. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1726-1737. [PMID: 35345978 PMCID: PMC9621033 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2058226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacing fish meal and oil in trout diets with plant-derived ingredients is a contemporary challenge to move towards more sustainable aquaculture practices. However, such dietary replacement causes hepatic metabolic changes that have not yet been elucidated. Here, we aimed to decipher the effect of a 100% plant-based diet on the hepatic global DNA methylation landscape in trout and assess whether changes depend on fish genetic background. We analysed the global methylome and the expression of DNA (de)methylation-related genes of three isogenic lines that exhibit similar growth when fed a marine resource-based diet (M diet), but differ in their responses to a plant-based diet (V diet). Our results revealed that the V diet induced a decrease in 5-cytosine combined with an increase in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in two of the three analysed lines. For one of these 2 affected lines, when fed the M diet but at the same feed intake of the V diet (MR), no methylome differences were highlighted between M and MR or between MR and V-fed trout whereas for the other affected line, M fed trout displayed a divergent methylome profile from MR and V fed fish. DNA (de)methylation-related genes were also affected by the V or MR diets. Our findings showed that the global hepatic methylome of trout is affected by a V diet, depending on genetic background. This latter effect seems to be due to either a decreased feed intake alone or combined with the effect of the dietary composition per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marandel L
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Heraud C
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Véron V
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Laithier J
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Marchand M
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Quillet E
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Callet T
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Dupont-Nivet M
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Médale F
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
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Turkmen S, Zamorano MJ, Xu H, Fernández-Palacios H, Robaina L, Kaushik S, Izquierdo M. Parental LC-PUFA biosynthesis capacity and nutritional intervention with alpha-linolenic acid affect performance of Sparus aurata progeny. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:jeb.214999. [PMID: 33077642 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.214999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as nutritional interventions during early developmental stages affect and establish long-term metabolic changes in all animals. Diet during the spawning period has a nutritional programming effect in offspring of gilthead seabream and affects long-term metabolism. Studies showed modulation of genes such as fads2, which is considered to be a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). However, it is still unknown whether this adaptation is related to the presence of precursors or to limitations in the pre-formed products, n-3 LC-PUFA, contained in the diets used during nutritional programming. This study investigated the combined effects of nutritional programming on Sparus aurata through broodstock diets during the spawning period and in broodfish showing higher or lower fads2 expression levels in the blood after 1 month of feeding with a diet containing high levels of plant protein sources and vegetable oils (VM/VO). Broodfish showing high fads2 expression had a noticeable improvement in spawning quality parameters as well as in the growth of 6 month old offspring when challenged with a high VM/VO diet. Further, nutritional conditioning with 18:3n-3-rich diets had an adverse effect in comparison to progeny obtained from fish fed high fish meal and fish oil (FM/FO) diets, with a reduction in growth of juveniles. Improved growth of progeny from the high fads2 broodstock combined with similar muscle fatty acid profiles is also an excellent option for tailoring and increasing the flesh n-3 LC-PUFA levels to meet the recommended dietary allowances for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Turkmen
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain .,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Maria J Zamorano
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Hanlin Xu
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Hipólito Fernández-Palacios
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Lidia Robaina
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Sadasivam Kaushik
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
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Transcriptome sequencing and histology reveal dosage compensation in the liver of triploid pre-smolt Atlantic salmon. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16836. [PMID: 33033342 PMCID: PMC7544907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) is seen as one of the best solutions to solve key issues in the salmon farming industry, such as the impact of escapees on wild stocks and pre-harvest sexual maturation. However, the effects of triploidy on salmon smoltification are poorly understood at the molecular level, even though smoltification is a very sensitive period that has a major influence on survival rate and performance of farmed salmon. In this study, we have compared the liver transcriptomes of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon at three ontogeny stages: fry, parr and smolt. In diploid fish, a total of 2,655 genes were differentially expressed between fry and parr, whereas 506 genes had significantly different transcript levels between parr and smolts. In triploids, 1,507 and 974 genes were differentially expressed between fry and parr, and between parr and smolts, respectively. Most of these genes were down-regulated and 34 genes were differentially expressed between ploidies at the same stage. In both ploidy groups, the top differentially expressed genes with ontogeny stage belonged to common functional categories that can be related to smoltification. Nucleotide and energy metabolism were significantly down-regulated in fry when compared to parr, while immune system processes were significantly down-regulated in parr when compared to smolts. The close resemblance of enriched biological processes and pathways between ploidy groups suggests that triploidy is regulated by genome dosage compensation in Atlantic salmon. Histological analysis revealed that areas of vacuolization (steatosis) were present only in fry and parr stages, in contrast to a compact cellular histology with glycogen granules after smoltification. There was no significant difference in vacuolization between ploidy groups at the fry stage but the liver of diploid parr had a 33.5% higher vacuolization area compared to their triploid counterparts. Taken together, our data provide novel insights into the changes that occur at the molecular and histological level in the liver of both diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon prior to and during smoltification.
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Wu Z, Xu S, Wang L, Wu Q, Li J, Liu H, You F. Transcription profiles and fatty acid composition of the artificial induced triploid alevin in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Theriogenology 2020; 155:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jin Y, Olsen RE, Harvey TN, Østensen MA, Li K, Santi N, Vadstein O, Bones AM, Vik JO, Sandve SR, Olsen Y. Comparative transcriptomics reveals domestication-associated features of Atlantic salmon lipid metabolism. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1860-1872. [PMID: 32293070 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Domestication of animals imposes strong targeted selection for desired traits but can also result in unintended selection due to new domestic environments. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salmar) was domesticated in the 1970s and has subsequently been selected for faster growth in systematic breeding programmes. More recently, salmon aquaculture has replaced fish oils (FOs) with vegetable oils (VOs) in feed, radically changing the levels of essential long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Our aim here was to study the impact of domestication on metabolism and explore the hypothesis that the shift to VO diets has unintentionally selected for a domestication-specific lipid metabolism. We conducted a 96-day feeding trial of domesticated and wild salmon fed diets based on FOs, VOs or phospholipids, and compared transcriptomes and fatty acids in tissues involved in lipid absorption (pyloric caeca) and lipid turnover and synthesis (liver). Domesticated salmon had faster growth and higher gene expression in glucose and lipid metabolism compared to wild fish, possibly linked to differences in regulation of circadian rhythm pathways. Only the domesticated salmon increased expression of LC-PUFA synthesis genes when given VOs. This transcriptome response difference was mirrored at the physiological level, with domesticated salmon having higher LC-PUFA levels but lower 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 levels. In line with this, the VO diet decreased growth rate in wild but not domesticated salmon. Our study revealed a clear impact of domestication on transcriptomic regulation linked to metabolism and suggests that unintentional selection in the domestic environment has resulted in evolution of stronger compensatory mechanisms to a diet low in LC-PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Department of Biology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rolf Erik Olsen
- Department of Biology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thomas Nelson Harvey
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Mari-Ann Østensen
- Department of Biology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Olav Vadstein
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atle Magnar Bones
- Department of Biology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jon Olav Vik
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Simen Rød Sandve
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Yngvar Olsen
- Department of Biology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Panserat S, Marandel L, Seiliez I, Skiba-Cassy S. New Insights on Intermediary Metabolism for a Better Understanding of Nutrition in Teleosts. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2019; 7:195-220. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of aquaculture production throughout the world over the past few decades has led to the emergence of new scientific challenges to improve fish nutrition. The diet formulations used for farmed fish have been largely modified in the past few years. However, bottlenecks still exist in being able to suppress totally marine resources (fish meal and fish oil) in diets without negatively affecting growth performance and flesh quality. A better understanding of fish metabolism and its regulation by nutrients is thus mandatory. In this review, we discuss four fields of research that are highly important for improving fish nutrition in the future: ( a) fish genome complexity and subsequent consequences for metabolism, ( b) microRNAs (miRNAs) as new actors in regulation of fish metabolism, ( c) the role of autophagy in regulation of fish metabolism, and ( d) the nutritional programming of metabolism linked to the early life of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Panserat
- INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - L. Marandel
- INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - I. Seiliez
- INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - S. Skiba-Cassy
- INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Navarro-Guillén C, Dias J, Rocha F, Castanheira M, Martins CI, Laizé V, Gavaia PJ, Engrola S. Does a ghrelin stimulus during zebrafish embryonic stage modulate its performance on the long-term? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 228:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Houston RD, Macqueen DJ. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) genetics in the 21st century: taking leaps forward in aquaculture and biological understanding. Anim Genet 2019; 50:3-14. [PMID: 30426521 PMCID: PMC6492011 DOI: 10.1111/age.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) is among the most iconic and economically important fish species and was the first member of Salmonidae to have a high-quality reference genome assembly published. Advances in genomics have become increasingly central to the genetic improvement of farmed Atlantic salmon as well as conservation of wild salmon stocks. The salmon genome has also been pivotal in shaping our understanding of the evolutionary and functional consequences arising from an ancestral whole-genome duplication event characterising all Salmonidae members. Here, we provide a review of the current status of Atlantic salmon genetics and genomics, focussed on progress made from genome-wide research aimed at improving aquaculture production and enhancing understanding of salmonid ecology, physiology and evolution. We present our views on the future direction of salmon genomics, including the role of emerging technologies (e.g. genome editing) in elucidating genetic features that underpin functional variation in traits of commercial and evolutionary importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. D. Houston
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesThe University of EdinburghMidlothianEH25 9RGUK
| | - D. J. Macqueen
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenAB24 2TZUK
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The effect of micronutrient supplementation on growth and hepatic metabolism in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr fed a low marine ingredient diet. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 227:106-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Veron V, Marandel L, Liu J, Vélez EJ, Lepais O, Panserat S, Skiba S, Seiliez I. DNA methylation of the promoter region of bnip3 and bnip3l genes induced by metabolic programming. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:677. [PMID: 30223788 PMCID: PMC6142374 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental changes of biotic or abiotic nature during critical periods of early development may exert a profound influence on physiological functions later in life. This process, named developmental programming can also be driven through parental nutrition. At molecular level, epigenetic modifications are the most likely candidate for persistent modulation of genes expression in later life. RESULTS In order to investigate epigenetic modifications induced by programming in rainbow trout, we focused on bnip3 and bnip3l paralogous genes known to be sensitive to environmental changes but also regulated by epigenetic modifications. Two specific stimuli were used: (i) early acute hypoxia applied at embryo stage and (ii) broodstock and fry methionine deficient diet, considering methionine as one of the main methyl-group donor needed for DNA methylation. We observed a programming effect of hypoxia with an increase of bnip3a and the four paralogs of bnip3l expression level in fry. In addition, parental methionine nutrition was correlated to bnip3a and bnip3lb1 expression showing evidence for early fry programming. We highlighted that both stimuli modified DNA methylation levels at some specific loci of bnip3a and bnip3lb1. CONCLUSION Overall, these data demonstrate that methionine level and hypoxia stimulus can be of critical importance in metabolic programming. Both stimuli affected DNA methylation of specific loci, among them, an interesting CpG site have been identified, namely - 884 bp site of bnip3a, and may be positively related with mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Veron
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jingwei Liu
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Emilio J Vélez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Lepais
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, UMR Ecobiop, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Iban Seiliez
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
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