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Trotta RJ, Swanson KC, Klotz JL, Harmon DL. Influence of postruminal casein infusion and exogenous glucagon-like peptide 2 administration on the jejunal mucosal transcriptome in cattle. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308983. [PMID: 39146343 PMCID: PMC11326568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that postruminal casein infusion and exogenous glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) administration independently stimulated growth and carbohydrase activity of the pancreas and jejunal mucosa in cattle. The objective of the current study was to profile the jejunal mucosal transcriptome of cattle using next-generation RNA sequencing in response to postruminal casein infusion and exogenous GLP-2. Twenty-four Holstein steers [250 ± 23.1 kg body weight (BW)] received a continuous abomasal infusion of 3.94 g raw corn starch/kg of BW combined with either 0 or 1.30 g casein/kg of BW for 7 d. Steers received subcutaneous injections at 0800 and 2000 h to provide either 0 or 100 μg GLP-2/kg of BW per day. At the end of the 7-d treatment period, steers were slaughtered for collection of the jejunal mucosa. Total RNA was extracted from jejunal mucosal tissue, strand-specific cDNA libraries were prepared, and RNA sequencing was conducted to generate 150-bp paired-end reads at a depth of 40 M reads per sample. Differentially expressed genes (DEG), KEGG pathway enrichment, and gene ontology enrichment were determined based on the FDR-corrected P-value (padj). Exogenous GLP-2 administration upregulated (padj < 0.05) 667 genes and downregulated 1,101 genes of the jejunal mucosa. Sphingolipid metabolism, bile secretion, adherens junction, and galactose metabolism were among the top KEGG pathways enriched with upregulated DEG (padj < 0.05) in response to exogenous GLP-2 administration. The top gene ontologies enriched with upregulated DEG (padj < 0.05) in response to exogenous GLP-2 administration included nutrient metabolic processes, brush border and bicellular tight junction assembly, and enzyme and transporter activities. Exogenous GLP-2 administration increased or tended to increase (padj < 0.10) brush border carbohydrase (MGAM, LCT, TREH), hexose transporter (SLC5A1, SLC2A2), and associated transcription factor (HNF1, GATA4, KAT2B) mRNA expression of the jejunal mucosa. Gene ontologies and KEGG pathways that were downregulated (padj < 0.05) in response to exogenous GLP-2 were related to genetic information processing. Postruminal casein infusion downregulated (padj < 0.05) 7 jejunal mucosal genes that collectively did not result in enriched KEGG pathways or gene ontologies. This study highlights some of the transcriptional mechanisms associated with increased growth, starch assimilation capacity, and barrier function of the jejunal mucosa in response to exogenous GLP-2 administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Trotta
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kendall C Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - James L Klotz
- Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - David L Harmon
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Qadri QR, Lai X, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Zhao Q, Ma P, Pan Y, Wang Q. Exploring the Interplay between the Hologenome and Complex Traits in Bovine and Porcine Animals Using Genome-Wide Association Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6234. [PMID: 38892420 PMCID: PMC11172659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) significantly enhance our ability to identify trait-associated genomic variants by considering the host genome. Moreover, the hologenome refers to the host organism's collective genetic material and its associated microbiome. In this study, we utilized the hologenome framework, called Hologenome-wide association studies (HWAS), to dissect the architecture of complex traits, including milk yield, methane emissions, rumen physiology in cattle, and gut microbial composition in pigs. We employed four statistical models: (1) GWAS, (2) Microbial GWAS (M-GWAS), (3) HWAS-CG (hologenome interaction estimated using COvariance between Random Effects Genome-based restricted maximum likelihood (CORE-GREML)), and (4) HWAS-H (hologenome interaction estimated using the Hadamard product method). We applied Bonferroni correction to interpret the significant associations in the complex traits. The GWAS and M-GWAS detected one and sixteen significant SNPs for milk yield traits, respectively, whereas the HWAS-CG and HWAS-H each identified eight SNPs. Moreover, HWAS-CG revealed four, and the remaining models identified three SNPs each for methane emissions traits. The GWAS and HWAS-CG detected one and three SNPs for rumen physiology traits, respectively. For the pigs' gut microbial composition traits, the GWAS, M-GWAS, HWAS-CG, and HWAS-H identified 14, 16, 13, and 12 SNPs, respectively. We further explored these associations through SNP annotation and by analyzing biological processes and functional pathways. Additionally, we integrated our GWA results with expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data using transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and summary-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) methods for a more comprehensive understanding of SNP-trait associations. Our study revealed hologenomic variability in agriculturally important traits, enhancing our understanding of host-microbiome interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Raza Qadri
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Q.R.Q.); (P.M.)
| | - Xueshuang Lai
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China; (X.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China; (X.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Zhenyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China; (X.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Qingbo Zhao
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Peipei Ma
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Q.R.Q.); (P.M.)
| | - Yuchun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China; (X.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.P.)
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yongyou Industry Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Qishan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China; (X.L.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.P.)
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yongyou Industry Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya 572000, China
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Hu R, Shah AM, Han Q, Ma J, Dai P, Meng Y, Peng Q, Jiang Y, Kong X, Wang Z, Zou H. Proteomics Reveals the Obstruction of Cellular ATP Synthesis in the Ruminal Epithelium of Growth-Retarded Yaks. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1243. [PMID: 38672391 PMCID: PMC11047487 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth-retarded yaks are of a high proportion on the Tibetan plateau and reduce the economic income of farmers. Our previous studies discovered a maldevelopment in the ruminal epithelium of growth-retarded yaks, but the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to reveal how the proteomic profile in the ruminal epithelium contributed to the growth retardation of yaks. The proteome of the ruminal epithelium was detected using a high-resolution mass spectrometer. There were 52 proteins significantly differently expressed between the ruminal epithelium of growth-retarded yaks and growth-normal yaks, with 32 downregulated and 20 upregulated in growth-retarded yaks. Functional analysis showed the differently expressed proteins involved in the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies (p = 0.012), propanoate metabolism (p = 0.018), pyruvate metabolism (p = 0.020), and mineral absorption (p = 0.024). The protein expressions of SLC26A3 and FTH1, enriched in the mineral absorption, were significantly downregulated in growth-retarded yaks. The key enzymes ACAT2 and HMGCS2 enriched in ketone bodies synthesis and key enzyme PCCA enriched in propanoate metabolism had lower protein expressions in the ruminal epithelium of growth-retarded yaks. The ATP concentration and relative mitochondrial DNA copy number in the ruminal epithelium of growth-normal yaks were dramatically higher than those of growth-retarded yaks (p < 0.05). The activities of citrate synthase (CS), the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (α-KGDHC), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRCC) were significantly decreased in ruminal epithelium of growth-retarded yaks compared to growth-normal yaks (p < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of COQ9, COX4, and LDHA, which are the encoding genes in MRCC I, IV and anaerobic respiration, were also significantly decreased in the ruminal epithelium of growth-retarded yaks (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that the average daily gain (ADG) was significantly positively correlated to the relative mitochondrial DNA copy number (p < 0.01, r = 0.772) and ATP concentration (p < 0.01, r = 0.728) in the ruminal epithelium, respectively. The ruminal weight was positively correlated to the relative mitochondrial DNA copy number (p < 0.05, r = 0.631) and ATP concentration in ruminal epithelium (p < 0.01, r = 0.957), respectively. The ruminal papillae had a significant positive correlation with ATP concentration in ruminal epithelium (p < 0.01, r = 0.770). These results suggested that growth-retarded yaks had a lower VFA metabolism, ketone bodies synthesis, ion absorption, and ATP synthesis in the ruminal epithelium; it also indicated that the growth retardation of yaks is related to the obstruction of cellular ATP synthesis in rumen epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.H.); (A.M.S.); (Q.H.); (J.M.); (P.D.); (Q.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ali Mujtaba Shah
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.H.); (A.M.S.); (Q.H.); (J.M.); (P.D.); (Q.P.); (Z.W.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.M.); (Y.J.)
| | - Qiang Han
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.H.); (A.M.S.); (Q.H.); (J.M.); (P.D.); (Q.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jian Ma
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.H.); (A.M.S.); (Q.H.); (J.M.); (P.D.); (Q.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Peng Dai
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.H.); (A.M.S.); (Q.H.); (J.M.); (P.D.); (Q.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yukun Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.M.); (Y.J.)
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.H.); (A.M.S.); (Q.H.); (J.M.); (P.D.); (Q.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yahui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.M.); (Y.J.)
| | - Xiangying Kong
- Haibei Demonstration Zone of Plateau Modern Ecological Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Haibei 810299, China;
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.H.); (A.M.S.); (Q.H.); (J.M.); (P.D.); (Q.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Huawei Zou
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.H.); (A.M.S.); (Q.H.); (J.M.); (P.D.); (Q.P.); (Z.W.)
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Vieira-Neto A, Lean IJ, Santos JEP. Periparturient Mineral Metabolism: Implications to Health and Productivity. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1232. [PMID: 38672379 PMCID: PMC11047658 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mineral metabolism, in particular Ca, and to a lesser extent phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg), is altered with the onset of lactation because of extensive irreversible loss to synthesize colostrum and milk. The transient reduction in the concentration of Ca in blood, particularly when it lasts days, increases the risk of mineral-related disorders such as hypocalcemia and, to a lesser extent, hypophosphatemia. Although the incidence of clinical hypocalcemia can be reduced by prepartum dietary interventions, subclinical hypocalcemia remains prevalent, affecting up to 60% of the dairy cows in the first 3 d postpartum. More importantly, strong associations exist between hypocalcemia and increased susceptibility to other peripartum diseases and impaired reproductive performance. Mechanistic experiments have demonstrated the role of Ca on innate immune response in dairy cows, which presumably predisposes them to other diseases. Hypocalcemia is not related to inadequate Ca intake as prepartum diets marginal to deficient in Ca reduce the risk of the disease. Therefore, the understanding of how Ca homeostasis is regulated, in particular how calciotropic hormones such as parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, affect blood Ca concentrations, gastrointestinal Ca absorption, bone remodeling, and renal excretion of Ca become critical to develop novel strategies to prevent mineral imbalances either by nutritional or pharmacological interventions. A common method to reduce the risk of hypocalcemia is the manipulation of the prepartum dietary cation-anion difference. Feeding acidogenic diets not only improves Ca homeostasis and reduces hypocalcemia, but also reduces the risk of uterine diseases and improves productive performance. Feeding diets that induce a negative Ca balance in the last weeks of gestation also reduce the risk of clinical hypocalcemia, and recent work shows that the incorporation of mineral sequestering agents, presumably by reducing the absorption of P and Ca prepartum, increases blood Ca at calving, although benefits to production and health remain to be shown. Alternative strategies to minimize subclinical hypocalcemia with the use of vitamin D metabolites either fed prepartum or as a pharmacological agent administered immediately after calving have shown promising results in reducing hypocalcemia and altering immune cell function, which might prove efficacious to prevent diseases in early lactation. This review summarizes the current understanding of Ca homeostasis around parturition, the limited knowledge of the exact mechanisms for gastrointestinal Ca absorption in bovine, the implications of hypocalcemia on the health of dairy cows, and discusses the methods to minimize the risk of hypocalcemia and their impacts on productive performance and health in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilles Vieira-Neto
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Ian J. Lean
- Scibus, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia;
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - José Eduardo P. Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Li W, Larsen A, Fregulia P. Investigating the impact of feed-induced, subacute ruminal acidosis on rumen epimural transcriptome and metatranscriptome in young calves at 8- and 17-week of age. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1328539. [PMID: 38455258 PMCID: PMC10918858 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1328539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the goal to maximize intake of high-fermentable diet needed to meet energy needs during weaning period, calves are at risk for ruminal acidosis. Using the calves from previously established model of feed-induced, ruminal acidosis in young calves, we aimed to investigate the changes in rumen epimural transcriptome and its microbial metatranscriptome at weaning (8-week) and post-weaning (17-week) in canulated (first occurred at 3 weeks of age) Holstein bull calves with feed-induced subacute ruminal acidosis. Methods Eight bull calves were randomly assigned to acidosis-inducing diet (Treated, n = 4; pelleted, 42.7% starch, 15.1% neutral detergent fiber [NDF], and 57.8% nonfiber carbohydrates), while texturized starter was fed as a control (Control, n = 4; 35.3% starch, 25.3% NDF, and 48.1% nonfiber carbohydrates) starting at 1 week through 17 weeks. Calves fed acidosis-inducing diet showed significantly less (p < 0.01) body weight over the course of the experiment, in addition to lower ruminal pH (p < 0.01) compared to the control group. Rumen epithelial (RE) tissues were collected at both 8 weeks (via biopsy) and 17 weeks (via euthanasia) and followed for whole transcriptome RNA sequencing analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis was done using cufflinks2 (fold-change ≥2 and p < 0.05) between treated and control groups at 8-week of age, and between 8- and 17-week for the treated group. Results At 8-week of age, DEGs between treatment groups showed an enrichment of genes related to the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (p < 0.005). The impact of prolonged, feed-induced acidosis was reflected by the decreased expression (p < 0.005) in genes involved in cell proliferation related pathways in the RE at 17-week of age in the treated group. Unique sets of discriminant microbial taxa were identified between 8-and 17-week calves in the treated group and the treatment groups at 8-week, indicating that active microbial community changes in the RE are an integral part of the ruminal acidosis development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- US Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Anna Larsen
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Priscila Fregulia
- US Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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Sha Y, Guo X, He Y, Li W, Liu X, Zhao S, Hu J, Wang J, Li S, Zhao Z, Hao Z. Synergistic Responses of Tibetan Sheep Rumen Microbiota, Metabolites, and the Host to the Plateau Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14856. [PMID: 37834304 PMCID: PMC10573510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plateau adaptation in animals involves genetic mechanisms as well as coevolutionary mechanisms of the microbiota and metabolome of the animal. Therefore, the characteristics of the rumen microbiome and metabolome, transcriptome, and serum metabolome of Tibetan sheep at different altitudes (4500 m, 3500 m, and 2500 m) were analyzed. The results showed that the rumen differential metabolites at 3500 m and 4500 m were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism, and there was a significant correlation with microbiota. The differentially expressed genes and metabolites at middle and high altitudes were coenriched in asthma, arachidonic acid metabolism, and butanoate and propanoate metabolism. In addition, the serum differential metabolites at 3500 m and 4500 m were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, and they were also related to microbiota. Further analysis revealed that rumen metabolites accounted for 7.65% of serum metabolites. These common metabolites were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways and were significantly correlated with host genes (p < 0.05). This study found that microbiota, metabolites, and epithelial genes were coenriched in pathways related to lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and immune metabolism, which may be involved in the regulation of Tibetan sheep adaptation to plateau environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Sha
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.S.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Xinyu Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.S.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yanyu He
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Wenhao Li
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
| | - Xiu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.S.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.S.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Jiang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.S.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Jiqing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.S.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Shaobin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.S.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhidong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.S.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhiyun Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.S.); (X.G.); (S.Z.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.H.)
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Salzano A, Fioriniello S, D'Onofrio N, Balestrieri ML, Aiese Cigliano R, Neglia G, Della Ragione F, Campanile G. Transcriptomic profiles of the ruminal wall in Italian Mediterranean dairy buffaloes fed green forage. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:133. [PMID: 36941576 PMCID: PMC10029215 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green feed diet in ruminants exerts a beneficial effect on rumen metabolism and enhances the content of milk nutraceutical quality. At present, a comprehensive analysis focused on the identification of genes, and therefore, biological processes modulated by the green feed in buffalo rumen has never been reported. We performed RNA-sequencing in the rumen of buffaloes fed a total mixed ration (TMR) + the inclusion of 30% of ryegrass green feed (treated) or TMR (control), and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using EdgeR and NOISeq tools. RESULTS We found 155 DEGs using EdgeR (p-values < 0.05) and 61 DEGs using NOISeq (prob ≥0.8), 30 of which are shared. The rt-qPCR validation suggested a higher reliability of EdgeR results as compared with NOISeq data, in our biological context. Gene Ontology analysis of DEGs identified using EdgeR revealed that green feed modulates biological processes relevant for the rumen physiology and, then, health and well-being of buffaloes, such as lipid metabolism, response to the oxidative stress, immune response, and muscle structure and function. Accordingly, we found: (i) up-regulation of HSD17B13, LOC102410803 (or PSAT1) and HYKK, and down-regulation of CDO1, SELENBP1 and PEMT, encoding factors involved in energy, lipid and amino acid metabolism; (ii) enhanced expression of SIM2 and TRIM14, whose products are implicated in the immune response and defense against infections, and reduced expression of LOC112585166 (or SAAL1), ROR2, SMOC2, and S100A11, encoding pro-inflammatory factors; (iii) up-regulation of NUDT18, DNAJA4 and HSF4, whose products counteract stressful conditions, and down-regulation of LOC102396388 (or UGT1A9) and LOC102413340 (or MRP4/ABCC4), encoding detoxifying factors; (iv) increased expression of KCNK10, CACNG4, and ATP2B4, encoding proteins modulating Ca2+ homeostasis, and reduced expression of the cytoskeleton-related MYH11 and DES. CONCLUSION Although statistically unpowered, this study suggests that green feed modulates the expression of genes involved in biological processes relevant for rumen functionality and physiology, and thus, for welfare and quality production in Italian Mediterranean dairy buffaloes. These findings, that need to be further confirmed through the validation of additional DEGs, allow to speculate a role of green feed in the production of nutraceutical molecules, whose levels might be enhanced also in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Salzano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Della Ragione
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'A. Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, Naples, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Identification of Candidate Genes and Functional Pathways Associated with Body Size Traits in Chinese Holstein Cattle Based on GWAS Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13060992. [PMID: 36978532 PMCID: PMC10044097 DOI: 10.3390/ani13060992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Body size is one of the most economically important traits of dairy cattle, as it is significantly associated with cow longevity, production, health, fertility, and environmental adaptation. The identification and application of genetic variants using a novel genetic approach, such as genome-wide association studies (GWASs), may give more insights into the genetic architecture of complex traits. The identification of genes, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and pathways associated with the body size traits may offer a contribution to genomic selection and long-term planning for selection in dairy cows. In this study, we performed GWAS analysis to identify the genetic markers and genes associated with four body size traits (body height, body depth, chest width, and angularity) in 1000 Chinese Holstein cows. We performed SNPs genotyping in 1000 individuals, based on the GeneSeek Genomic Profiler Bovine 100 K. In total, we identified 11 significant SNPs in association with body size traits at the threshold of Bonferroni correction (5.90 × 10−7) using the fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) model. Several genes within 200 kb distances (upstream or downstream) of the significant SNPs were identified as candidate genes, including MYH15, KHDRBS3, AIP, DCC, SQOR, and UBAP1L. Moreover, genes within 200 kb of the identified SNPs were significantly enriched (p ≤ 0.05) in 25 Gene Ontology terms and five Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. We anticipate that these results provide a foundation for understanding the genetic architecture of body size traits. They will also contribute to breeding programs and genomic selection work on Chinese Holstein cattle.
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Sha Y, He Y, Liu X, Zhao S, Hu J, Wang J, Li S, Li W, Shi B, Hao Z. Rumen Epithelial Development- and Metabolism-Related Genes Regulate Their Micromorphology and VFAs Mediating Plateau Adaptability at Different Ages in Tibetan Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416078. [PMID: 36555715 PMCID: PMC9786296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rumen is an important hallmark organ of ruminants and plays an important role in the metabolism and immune barrier of Tibetan sheep on the Plateau. However, there are few studies on rumen development and metabolism regulation in Tibetan sheep at different ages. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the immune function, fermentation function, rumen epithelial micromorphology and transcriptome profile of Tibetan sheep at different ages. The results showed that the concentration of IgG decreased and the concentration of IgM increased with age (p < 0.05), and the highest concentration of IgA was observed at 1.5 and 3.5 years of age. In terms of rumen fermentation characteristics, VFAs of 4-month-old lambs were the highest, followed by VFAs and NH3-N of Tibetan sheep at 3.5 years of age. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy section examination of rumen epithelial tissue showed that the rumen papilla width increased with age (p < 0.001), the thickness of the stratum corneum decreased, the cells in the stratum corneum showed accelerated migration and the thickness of the rumen muscle layer increased (p < 0.001). Desmosomal junctions between the layers of rumen epithelium increased at 1.5 and 3.5 years old, forming a compact barrier structure, and the basal layer had more mitochondria involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. RNA-seq analysis revealed that a total of 1006 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at four ages. The DEGs of Tibetan sheep aged 4 months and 6 years were mainly enriched in the oxidation−reduction process and ISG15-protein conjugation pathway. The 1.5 and 3.5-year-olds were mainly enriched in skeletal muscle thin filament assembly, mesenchyme migration and the tight junction pathway. WGCNA showed that DEGs related to rumen microbiota metabolite VFAs and epithelial morphology were enriched in “Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, PPAR signaling pathway, Butanoate metabolism pathways” and participated in the regulation of rumen epithelial immune and fermentation metabolism functions of Tibetan sheep at different ages. This study systematically revealed the regulatory mechanism of rumen epithelial development and metabolism in the plateau adaptation of Tibetan sheep, providing a new approach for the study of plateau adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Sha
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanyu He
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Xiu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-763-1870
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Bingang Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhiyun Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Effects of Oil Supplements on Growth Performance, Eating Behavior, Ruminal Fermentation, and Ruminal Morphology in Lambs during Transition from a Low- to a High-Grain Diet. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192566. [PMID: 36230307 PMCID: PMC9558502 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of a maximum recommended oil supplementation on growth performance, eating behavior, ruminal fermentation, and ruminal morphological characteristics in growing lambs during transition from a low- to a high-grain diet. A total of 21 Afshari male lambs with an initial body weight (BW) of 41.4 ± 9.1 kg (mean ± SD) and at 5−6 months of age were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments (n = 7 per group), including (1) a grain-based diet with no fat supplement (CON), (2) CON plus 80 g/d of prilled palm oil (PALM), and (3) CON plus 80 g/d soybean oil (SOY); oils were equivalent to 50 g/kg of dry matter based on initial dry matter intake (DMI). All lambs were adapted to the high-grain diet for 21 d. In the adaptation period, lambs were gradually transferred to a dietary forage-to-concentrate ratio of 20:80 by replacing 100 g/kg of the preceding diet every 3 d. Thereafter, lambs were fed experimental diets for another 22 days. Fat-supplemented lambs had greater DMI, body weight (BW), and average daily gain (ADG), with a lower feed to gain ratio (p < 0.05), compared to CON lambs. The highest differences of DMI between fat-supplemented and CON-lambs were observed in week 3 of the adaptation period (p = 0.010). PALM- or SOY-supplementation lowered DM and NDF digestibility compared with CON (p < 0.05), and SOY caused the lowest organic matter (OM) digestibility compared with CON and PALM lambs (62.0 vs. 67.6 and 66.9; p < 0.05). Ruminal pH was higher for PALM and SOY compared with CON (p = 0.018). Lambs in SOY tended to have the highest ammonia-N concentrations (p = 0.075), together with a trend for higher concentrations of propionic acid, at the expense of acetic acid in ruminal fluid, on the last day of the adaptation period (diet × time, p = 0.079). Fat-supplemented lambs had lower isovaleric and valeric acid concentrations compared with CON on d 40 (diet × time, p < 0.05). PALM and SOY-fed lambs had a longer eating time (min/d and min/kg of DMI), chewing activity (min/d), meal frequency (n), and duration of eating the first and second meals after morning feeding (p < 0.05), and the largest meal size (p < 0.001). Fat supplemented lambs had greater ruminal papillary length (p < 0.05) and width (p < 0.01), and thicker submucosal, epithelial, and muscle layers, compared with the CON (p < 0.01). Blood metabolites were not influenced by dietary treatments (p > 0.05). The results from this study suggest that fat supplementation to high-grain diets may improve the development of ruminal epithelia and modify ruminal fermentation via optimized eating behavior or the direct effect of oils on the ruminal environment, resulting in better growth performance in growing lambs.
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Na SW, Guan LL. Understanding the role of rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions in cattle feed efficiency. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 10:41-53. [PMID: 35647325 PMCID: PMC9117530 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Liu X, Sha Y, Lv W, Cao G, Guo X, Pu X, Wang J, Li S, Hu J, Luo Y. Multi-Omics Reveals That the Rumen Transcriptome, Microbiome, and Its Metabolome Co-regulate Cold Season Adaptability of Tibetan Sheep. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:859601. [PMID: 35495720 PMCID: PMC9043902 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.859601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibetan sheep can maintain a normal life and reproduce in harsh environments under extreme cold and lack of nutrition. However, the molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying the adaptability of Tibetan sheep during the cold season are still unclear. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of rumen epithelial morphology, epithelial transcriptomics, microbiology and metabolomics in a Tibetan sheep model. The results showed that morphological structure of rumen epithelium of Tibetan sheep in cold season had adaptive changes. Transcriptomics analysis showed that the differential genes were primarily enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway (ko03320), legionellosis (ko05134), phagosome (ko04145), arginine and proline metabolism (ko00330), and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (ko00980). Unique differential metabolites were identified in cold season, such as cynaroside A, sanguisorbin B and tryptophyl-valine, which were mainly enriched in arachidonic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and linolenic acid metabolism pathways, and had certain correlation with microorganisms. Integrated transcriptome-metabolome-microbiome analysis showed that epithelial gene-GSTM3 expression was upregulated in the metabolism of xenobiotics by the cytochrome P450 pathway during the cold season, leading to the downregulation of some harmful metabolites; TLR5 gene expression was upregulated and CD14 gene expression was downregulated in the legionellosis pathway during the cold season. This study comprehensively described the interaction mechanism between the rumen host and microbes and their metabolites in grazing Tibetan sheep during the cold season. Rumen epithelial genes, microbiota and metabolites act together in some key pathways related to cold season adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuzhu Sha
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weibing Lv
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guizhong Cao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station in Huangyuan County, Xining, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Pu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuzhu Luo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Pacífico C, Ricci S, Sajovitz F, Castillo-Lopez E, Rivera-Chacon R, Petri RM, Zebeli Q, Reisinger N, Kreuzer-Redmer S. Bovine rumen epithelial miRNA-mRNA dynamics reveals post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression upon transition to high-grain feeding and phytogenic supplementation. Genomics 2022; 114:110333. [PMID: 35278616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The rumen epithelium has a pivotal role in nutrient uptake and host health. This study aimed to explore the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the epithelial transcriptome during diet transition from forage to high-grain feeding and the modulation through supplementation with a phytogenic feed additive. Rumen biopsies were collected from 9 ruminally-cannulated non-lactating Holstein cows fed a baseline forage diet (FD) and then transitioned to high-grain feeding (HG; 65% concentrate on a dry matter basis). Cows were randomly allocated into a control group (CON, n = 5) and a group supplemented with a phytogenic feed additive (PHY, n = 4). MiRNA and mRNA sequencing was performed in parallel and transcripts were analyzed for differential expression, pathway enrichment analysis, and miRNA-mRNA interaction networks. We identified 527 miRNAs shared by all samples of the rumen epithelium, from which, bta-miR-21-5p, bta-miR-143 and bta-miR-24-3p were the most expressed. Six miRNAs were differentially expressed between CON and PHY and 8 miRNAs between FD and HG feeding, which were mainly associated with fat metabolism. Transcriptome analysis identified 9481 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between FD and HG, whereas PHY supplementation resulted in 5 DEGs. DEGs were mainly involved in epithelium development and morphogenesis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways associated with tricarboxylic acid and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism were enriched in DEGs between diets. MiRNA target prediction and anti-correlation analysis was used to construct networks and identify DEGs targeted by DE miRNAs responsive to diet or PHY. This study allowed the identification of potential miRNA regulation mechanisms of gene expression during transition from FD to HG feeding and phytogenic supplementation, evidencing a direct role of miRNAs in host responses to nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Pacífico
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sara Ricci
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Floriana Sajovitz
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ezequias Castillo-Lopez
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raul Rivera-Chacon
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renée Maxine Petri
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Susanne Kreuzer-Redmer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Nutrigenomics Unit, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Xue MY, Wu JJ, Xie YY, Zhu SL, Zhong YF, Liu JX, Sun HZ. Investigation of fiber utilization in the rumen of dairy cows based on metagenome-assembled genomes and single-cell RNA sequencing. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:11. [PMID: 35057854 PMCID: PMC8772221 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01211-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy cows utilize human-inedible, low-value plant biomass to produce milk, a low-cost product with rich nutrients and high proteins. This process largely relies on rumen microbes that ferment lignocellulose and cellulose to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The VFAs are absorbed and partly metabolized by the stratified squamous rumen epithelium, which is mediated by diverse cell types. Here, we applied a metagenomic binning approach to explore the individual microbes involved in fiber digestion and performed single-cell RNA sequencing on rumen epithelial cells to investigate the cell subtypes contributing to VFA absorption and metabolism. RESULTS The 52 mid-lactating dairy cows in our study (parity = 2.62 ± 0.91) had milk yield of 33.10 ± 6.72 kg. We determined the fiber digestion and fermentation capacities of 186 bacterial genomes using metagenomic binning and identified specific bacterial genomes with strong cellulose/xylan/pectin degradation capabilities that were highly associated with the biosynthesis of VFAs. Furthermore, we constructed a rumen epithelial single-cell map consisting of 18 rumen epithelial cell subtypes based on the transcriptome of 20,728 individual epithelial cells. A systematic survey of the expression profiles of genes encoding candidates for VFA transporters revealed that IGFBP5+ cg-like spinous cells uniquely highly expressed SLC16A1 and SLC4A9, suggesting that this cell type may play important roles in VFA absorption. Potential cross-talk between the microbiome and host cells and their roles in modulating the expression of key genes in the key rumen epithelial cell subtypes were also identified. CONCLUSIONS We discovered the key individual microbial genomes and epithelial cell subtypes involved in fiber digestion, VFA uptake and metabolism, respectively, in the rumen. The integration of these data enables us to link microbial genomes and epithelial single cells to the trophic system. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yuan Xue
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Innovation Team of Development and Function of Animal Digestive System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jia-Jin Wu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Innovation Team of Development and Function of Animal Digestive System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yun-Yi Xie
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Innovation Team of Development and Function of Animal Digestive System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sen-Lin Zhu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Innovation Team of Development and Function of Animal Digestive System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhong
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Innovation Team of Development and Function of Animal Digestive System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui-Zeng Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Ministry of Education Innovation Team of Development and Function of Animal Digestive System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Ji X, Tong H, Settlage R, Yao W, Jiang H. Establishment of a bovine rumen epithelial cell line. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6376558. [PMID: 34570883 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumen epithelium plays an essential role in absorption, transport, and metabolism of short-chain fatty acids, the main products of rumen fermentation, and in preventing microbes and other potentially harmful rumen contents from entering the systemic circulation. The objective of this study was to generate an immortal rumen epithelial cell line that can be used as a convenient model of rumen epithelial cells in vitro. We isolated primary rumen epithelial cells from a steer through trypsin digestion and transduced them with lentiviruses expressing the Simian Virus (SV) 40 T antigen. We cloned the transduced cells by limiting dilution. Western blotting analysis confirmed the expression of the SV40 T antigen in two single-cell clones. Cells from one clone, named bovine rumen epithelial clone 1 (BREC1), displayed a flat and squamous morphology in culture. RNA sequencing revealed that BREC1 cells expressed many markers of epithelial cells, including keratins, the epidermal growth factor receptor, and the short-chain fatty acid transporters monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT) 1 (MCT-1) and MCT-4. RNA sequencing revealed that BREC1 cells expressed key enzymes such as 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 involved in ketogenesis, a unique function of rumen epithelial cells. RNA sequencing also revealed the expression of genes encoding tight junctions, desmosomes, anchoring junctions, and polarized plasma membranes, structures typical of epithelial cells, in BREC1 cells. Cell proliferation assays indicated that BREC1 cells were similar to primary rumen epithelial cells in response to insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin, and butyrate. In conclusion, BREC1 is not only a convenient but an appropriate model for studying the factors and mechanisms that control proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, nutrient transport, metabolism, and barrier function in rumen epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ji
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huili Tong
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Robert Settlage
- Advanced Research Computing, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honglin Jiang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Ylioja CM, Carpenter AJ, Mamedova LK, Daniels KM, Ross PJ, Laflin SL, Swartz TH, Bradford BJ. Effects of sodium salicylate and time postpartum on mammary tissue proliferation, gene transcript profile, and DNA methylation. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11259-11276. [PMID: 34304880 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-20109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug treatment in early lactation had a positive impact on whole-lactation milk production in older cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate proliferative, transcriptional, and epigenetic changes in the mammary gland that could explain increased production responses due to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug treatment. Sodium salicylate (SAL; 125 g/d) or water (CON) were administered via oral drench to multiparous Holstein cows (n = 8/treatment) once daily for 3 d beginning approximately 24 h after parturition, and mammary tissue was collected on d 1, 4, and 45 postpartum. Day 1 tissue was collected immediately preceding the initial drench, and d 4 tissue was collected 24 h following the final drench. Blood was collected twice weekly and analyzed for plasma glucose, insulin, β-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids, and prolactin. Cows were milked twice daily until d 7 of lactation, and thrice daily for the remainder of the study. Total RNA extracted from tissue was deep-sequenced and analyzed for differential gene expression using DESeq2. We detected no treatment effect on milk yield or plasma metabolites through 45 d of lactation; additionally, no change in mammary epithelial cell proliferation was detected when assessed by Ki67 labeling. Comparison of SAL versus CON revealed that only 16 of 18,286 genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate <0.1) in mammary tissue collected on d 45, whereas no differentially expressed genes due to treatment were detected on d 1 or 4. Analysis of transcriptional differences over time showed downregulation of pathways related to immune cell recruitment and differentiation, and extensive overlap with pathways related to cholesterol synthesis and liver X receptor signaling. Global DNA methylation of mammary tissue was decreased for CON compared with SAL. Transcriptome analysis emphasized extensive involvement of immune-related signaling pathways in the switch from lactogenesis to galactopoiesis, and changes in methylation with SAL treatment merit future investigation into epigenetic effects on milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Ylioja
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - A J Carpenter
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - L K Mamedova
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - K M Daniels
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - P J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - S L Laflin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - T H Swartz
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - B J Bradford
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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Schmitz-Esser S. The Rumen Epithelial Microbiota: Possible Gatekeepers of the Rumen Epithelium and Its Potential Contributions to Epithelial Barrier Function and Animal Health and Performance. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.11672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminants are characterized by their unique mode of digesting cellulose-rich plant material in their forestomach, the rumen, which is densely populated by diverse microorganisms that are crucial for the breakdown of plant material. Among ruminal microbial communities, the microorganisms in the rumen fluid or attached to feed particles have attracted considerable research interest. However, comparatively less is known about the microorganisms attached to the rumen epithelium. Generally, the tissue lining the gastrointestinal tract serves the dual role of absorbing nutrients while preventing the infiltration of unwanted compounds and molecules as well as microorganisms. The rumen epithelium fulfills critical physiological functions for the ruminant host in energy absorption, metabolism, and nutrient transport. Essential host metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, ammonia, urea, and minerals, are exchanged across the rumen wall, thereby exposing the rumen epithelial microbiota to these nutrients. The integrity of the gastrointestinal barrier is central to animal health and productivity. The integrity of the rumen epithelium can be compromised by high ruminal microbial fermentation activity resulting in decreased rumen pH or by stress conditions such as heat stress or feed restriction. It is important to keep in mind that feeding strategies in cattle have changed over the last decades in favor of energy- and nutrient-rich concentrates instead of fiber-rich forages. These dietary shifts support high milk yields and growth rates but raised concerns regarding a possibly compromised rumen function. This paper will provide an overview of the composition of rumen epithelial microbial communities under physiological and disease conditions and will provide insights into the knowledge about the function and in situ activity of rumen epithelial microorganisms and their relevance for animal health and production. Given that an impaired intestinal barrier will negatively affect economically significant phenotypes, a better understanding of rumen wall microbiota is urgently needed.
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Gao Y, Fang L, Baldwin RL, Connor EE, Cole JB, Van Tassell CP, Ma L, Li CJ, Liu GE. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of dairy cattle ruminal epithelial cells during weaning. Genomics 2021; 113:2045-2055. [PMID: 33933592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using the 10× Genomics Chromium Controller, we obtained scRNA-seq data of 5064 and 1372 individual cells from two Holstein calf ruminal epithelial tissues before and after weaning, respectively. We detected six distinct cell clusters, designated their cell types, and reported their marker genes. We then examined these clusters' underlining cell types and relationships by performing cell cycle, pseudotime trajectory, regulatory network, weighted gene co-expression network and gene ontology analyses. By integrating these cell marker genes with Holstein GWAS signals, we found they were enriched for animal production and body conformation traits. Finally, we confirmed their cell identities by comparing them with human and mouse stomach epithelial cells. This study presents an initial effort to implement single-cell transcriptomic analysis in cattle, and demonstrates ruminal tissue epithelial cell types and their developments during weaning, opening the door for new discoveries about tissue/cell type roles in complex traits at single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Gao
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, BARC, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Lingzhao Fang
- MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom.
| | - Ransom L Baldwin
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, BARC, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Erin E Connor
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - John B Cole
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, BARC, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Curtis P Van Tassell
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, BARC, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Cong-Jun Li
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, BARC, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - George E Liu
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, BARC, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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19
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Ramos SC, Jeong CD, Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Kang SH, Kim ET, Cho YI, Lee SS, Lee SS. Diet Transition from High-Forage to High-Concentrate Alters Rumen Bacterial Community Composition, Epithelial Transcriptomes and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:838. [PMID: 33809588 PMCID: PMC8002347 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of changing diet on rumen fermentation parameters, bacterial community composition, and transcriptome profiles were determined in three rumen-cannulated Holstein Friesian cows using a 3 × 4 cross-over design. Treatments include HF-1 (first high-forage diet), HC-1 (first high-concentrate diet), HC-2 (succeeding high-concentrate diet), and HF-2 (second high-forage diet as a recovery period). Animal diets contained Klein grass and concentrate at ratios of 8:2, 2:8, 2:8, and 8:2 (two weeks each), respectively. Ammonia-nitrogen and individual and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were increased significantly during HC-1 and HC-2. Rumen species richness significantly increased for HF-1 and HF-2. Bacteroidetes were dominant for all treatments, while phylum Firmicutes significantly increased during the HC period. Prevotella, Erysipelothrix, and Galbibacter significantly differed between HF and HC diet periods. Ruminococcus abundance was lower during HF feeding and tended to increase during successive HC feeding periods. Prevotellaruminicola was the predominant species for all diets. The RNA sequence analysis revealed the keratin gene as differentially expressed during the HF diet, while carbonic-anhydrase I and S100 calcium-binding protein were expressed in the HC diet. Most of these genes were highly expressed for HC-1 and HC-2. These results suggested that ruminal bacterial community composition, transcriptome profile, and rumen fermentation characteristics were altered by the diet transitions in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny C. Ramos
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Chang Dae Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Lovelia L. Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Seon Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Seung Ha Kang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea;
| | - Yong Il Cho
- Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
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20
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Non-Invasive Indicators Associated with Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Cows. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the study was to characterize the interrelationship between decreased ruminal fluid pH during subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and concentrations of principal constituents of milk and biochemical indices associated with nitrogen utilizations such as rumen ammonia nitrogen (RAN), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). Ruminal fluid samples were obtained by rumenocentesis from 305 cows representing 13 dairy herds. The cows were divided according to ruminal fluid pH into three groups: low, moderate, and high rumen pH cows. The herds were divided into three groups on the basis of the percentages of cows with an assigned value of ruminal fluid pH: SARA-positive, SARA-risk and SARA-negative. SARA-positive herds were characterized by higher concentrations of RAN (12.6 vs. 6.9 mg/dL), BUN (16.2 vs. 10.1 mg/dL) and MUN (12.4 vs. 9.1 mg/dL) compared to SARA-negative herds. Similarly, low-rumen pH cows had greater concentrations of RAN, BUN and MUN than high-rumen pH cows (11.9 vs. 5.8 mg/ dL, 19.9 vs. 14.1 mg/dL, and 12.3 vs. 9.5 mg/dL, respectively). Moreover, SARA-positive herds and low-rumen pH cows had the highest lactose and the lowest fat concentrations in milk. The study demonstrated that the concentration of milk urea nitrogen could be considered one of the indirect and non-invasive indicators of the occurrence of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy herds.
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21
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Kent-Dennis C, Penner GB. Effects of a proinflammatory response on metabolic function of cultured, primary ruminal epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1002-1017. [PMID: 33131809 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation of ruminal epithelium may occur during ruminal acidosis as a result of translocation and interaction of ruminal epithelial cells (REC) with molecules such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Such inflammation has been reported to alter cellular processes such as nutrient absorption, metabolic regulation, and energy substrate utilization in other cell types but has not been investigated for REC. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of LPS on metabolism of short-chain fatty acids by primary REC, as well as investigating the effects of media containing short-chain fatty acids on the proinflammatory response. Ruminal papillae from 9 yearling Speckle Park beef heifers were used to isolate and culture primary REC. Cells were grown in minimum essential medium (MEM) for 12 d before use and then reseeded in 24-well culture plates. The study was conducted as a 2 × 2 factorial, where cells were grown in unaltered MEM (REG) or medium containing 2 mM butyrate and 5 mM propionate (SCFA) with (50,000 EU/mL; +LPS) or without LPS (-LPS) for 24 h. Supernatant samples were collected for analysis of glucose and SCFA consumption. Cells were collected to determine the expression of mRNA for genes associated with inflammation (TNF, IL1B, CXCL2, CXCL8, PTGS2, and TLR4), purinergic signaling (P2RX7, ADORAB2, and CD73), nutrient transport [SLC16A1 (MCT1), SLC16A3 (MCT4), SLC5A8, and MCU], and cell metabolism [ACAT1, SLC2A1 (GLUT1), IGFBP3, and IGFBP5]. Protein expression of TLR4 and ketogenic enzymes (BDH1 and HMGCS1) were also analyzed using flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was conducted with the MIXED model of SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with medium, LPS exposure, and medium × LPS interaction as fixed effects and animal within plate as a random effect. Cells tended to consume more glucose when exposed to LPS as opposed to no LPS exposure (31.8 vs. 28.7 ± 2.7), but consumption of propionate and butyrate was not influenced by LPS. Expression of TNF and IL1B was upregulated when exposed to LPS, and expression of CXCL2 and CXCL8 increased following LPS exposure with SCFA (medium × LPS). For cells exposed to LPS, we found a downregulation of ACAT1 and IGFBP5 and an upregulation of SLC2A1, SLC16A3, MCU, and IGFBP3. Medium with SCFA led to greater expression of MCU. SLC16A1 was upregulated in cells incubated with SCFA and without LPS compared with the other groups. Protein expression of ketogenic enzymes was not affected; however, BDH1 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) expression tended to be less in cells exposed to LPS. These data are interpreted to indicate that when REC are exposed to LPS, they may increase glucose metabolism. Moreover, transport of solutes was affected by SCFA in the medium and by exposure to LPS. Overall, the results suggest that metabolic function of REC in vitro is altered by a proinflammatory response, which may lead to a greater glucose requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kent-Dennis
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - G B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8.
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22
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Ogata T, Makino H, Ishizuka N, Iwamoto E, Masaki T, Kizaki K, Kim YH, Sato S. Long-term high-grain diet alters ruminal pH, fermentation, and epithelial transcriptomes, leading to restored mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in Japanese Black cattle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6381. [PMID: 32286493 PMCID: PMC7156705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To increase intramuscular fat accumulation, Japanese Black beef cattle are commonly fed a high-grain diet from 10 to 30 months of age. Castrated and fistulated cattle (n = 9) were fed a high-concentrate diets during the early, middle, and late stages consecutively (10-14, 15-22, 23-30 months of age, respectively). Ruminal pH was measured continuously, and rumen epithelium and fluid samples were collected on each stage. The 24-h mean ruminal pH during the late stage was significantly lower than that during the early stage. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and lactic acid levels during the late stage were significantly lower and higher, respectively, than those during the early and middle stages. In silico analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that "Oxidative Phosphorylation" was the pathway inhibited most between the middle and early stages in tandem with an inhibited upstream regulator (PPARGC1A, also called PGC-1α) but the most activated pathway between the late and middle stages. These results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and thereby impaired cell viability due to acidic irritation under the higher VFA concentration restored stable mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cell viability by higher lactic acid levels used as cellular oxidative fuel under a different underlying mechanism in subacute ruminal acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Ogata
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroki Makino
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishizuka
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Eiji Iwamoto
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Hyogo, 679-0198, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masaki
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Hyogo, 679-0198, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kizaki
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yo-Han Kim
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Sato
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan.
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23
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Rathert AR, Meyer AM, Foote AP, Kern RJ, Cunningham-Hollinger HC, Kuehn LA, Lindholm-Perry AK. Ruminal transcript abundance of the centromere-associated protein E gene may influence residual feed intake in beef steers. Anim Genet 2020; 51:453-456. [PMID: 32166767 DOI: 10.1111/age.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding regarding the mechanisms by which the rumen processes feed may assist us in identifying animals with superior feed efficiency. Studies to evaluate the gene expression of rumen tissue have previously been performed to analyze their relationship with feed efficiency. Continuing this research is critical to determine whether the expression of the genes identified is associated with feed efficiency in additional populations of beef cattle to ensure that they are robust across breed and environment. A previous rumen-transcriptome study on Hereford × Angus steers identified 122 differentially expressed genes (PFDR < 0.05) associated with residual feed intake (RFI), a measure of feed efficiency. The purpose of our study was to test the most divergent, up- and down-regulated genes in the rumen tissue of an unrelated population of Hereford × Angus steers that included two contemporary groups. A total of 13 genes were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. The centromere-associated protein E (CENPE) gene was expressed in lower concentrations in the rumen epithelium of steers in the more efficient (low RFI) group in both contemporary groups of animals, which was the same as the previous study. In addition, CENPE, a gene involved in chromosome alignment during mitosis, has also been associated with growth traits in cattle and pigs. There was no relationship between the expression of the other 12 genes tested with RFI in the population of steers in this study, which illustrates the importance of validating gene expression data in additional populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Rathert
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA.,Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - A M Meyer
- Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - A P Foote
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - R J Kern
- Ward Laboratories, Inc., Kearney, NE, 68848, USA
| | | | - L A Kuehn
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - A K Lindholm-Perry
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
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24
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Novak TE, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Southey BR, Starkey JD, Stockler RM, Alfaro GF, Moisá SJ. Jersey steer ruminal papillae histology and nutrigenomics with diet changes. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1694-1707. [PMID: 31483547 PMCID: PMC6899929 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transition from a high forage to a high concentrate diet is an important milestone for beef cattle moving from a stocker system to the feedlot. However, little is known about how this transition affects the rumen epithelial gene expression. This study assessed the effects of the transition from a high forage to a high concentrate diet as well as the transition from a high concentrate to a high forage diet on a variety of genes as well as ruminal papillae morphology in rumen fistulated Jersey steers. Jersey steers (n = 5) were fed either a high forage diet (80% forage and 20% grain) and transitioned to a high concentrate diet (20% forage and 80% grain) or a high concentrate diet (40% forage and 60% grain) and transitioned to a high forage diet (100% forage). Papillae from the rumen were collected for histology and RT‐qPCR analysis. Body weight had a tendency for significant difference (p = .08). Histological analysis did not show changes in papillae length or width in steers transitioning from a high forage to a high concentrate diet or vice versa (p > .05). Genes related to cell membrane structure (CLDN1, CLDN4, DSG1), fatty acid metabolism (CPT1A, ACADSB), glycolysis (PFKL), ketogenesis (HMGCL, HMGCS2, ACAT1), lactate/pyruvate (LDHA), oxidative stress (NQO1), tissue growth (AKT3, EGFR, EREG, IGFBP5, IRS1) and the urea cycle (SLC14A1) were considered in this study. Overall, genes related to fatty acid metabolism (ACADSB) and growth and development (AKT3 and IGFBP5) had a tendency for a treatment × day on trial interaction effect. These profiles may be indicators of rumen epithelial adaptations in response to changes in diet. In conclusion, these results indicate that changes in the composition of the diet can alter the expression of genes with specific functions in rumen epithelial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Novak
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Bruce R Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Gastón F Alfaro
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sonia J Moisá
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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