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Sandoval JR, Revollo S, Cuellar C, Lacerda DR, Jota MS, Fujita R, Santos FR. Genetic portrait of the Amazonian communities of Peru and Bolivia: The legacy of the Takanan-speaking people. Ann Hum Genet 2023; 87:210-221. [PMID: 37161738 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
During the colonial period in South America, many autochthonous populations were affected by relocation by European missionary reductions and other factors that impacted and reconfigured their genetic makeup. Presently, the descendants of some "reduced" and other isolated groups are distributed in the Amazonian areas of Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil, and among them, speakers of Takanan and Panoan languages. Based on linguistics, these peoples should be closely related, but so far no DNA comparison studies have been conducted to corroborate a genetic relationship. To clarify these questions, we used a set of 15 short tandem repeats of the non-recombining part of the Y-chromosome (Y-STRs) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequence data. Paternal line comparisons showed the Takanan-speaking peoples from Peru and Bolivia descended from recent common ancestors; one group was related to Arawakan, Jivaroan, and Cocama and the other to Panoan speakers, consistent with linguistics. Also, a genetic affinity for maternal lines was observed between some Takanan speakers and individuals who spoke different Amazonian languages. Our results supported a shared ancestry of Takanan, Panoan, Cocama, and Jivaroan-speaking communities who appeared to be related to each other and came likely from an early Arawak expansion in the western Amazonia of South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Sandoval
- Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular (CGBM), Instituto de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniela R Lacerda
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marilza S Jota
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Fujita
- Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular (CGBM), Instituto de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
| | - Fabricio R Santos
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Di Corcia T, Scano G, Martínez-Labarga C, Sarno S, De Fanti S, Luiselli D, Rickards O. Uniparental Lineages from the Oldest Indigenous Population of Ecuador: The Tsachilas. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081273. [PMID: 34440446 PMCID: PMC8391833 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Together with Cayapas, the Tsachilas constitute the oldest population in the country of Ecuador and, according to some historians, they are the last descendants of the ancient Yumbos. Several anthropological issues underlie the interest towards this peculiar population: the uncertainty of their origin, their belonging to the Barbacoan linguistic family, which is still at the center of an intense linguistic debate, and the relations of their Yumbo ancestors with the Inca invaders who occupied their ancient territory. Our contribution to the knowledge of their complex past was the reconstruction of their genetic maternal and paternal inheritance through the sequencing of 70 entire mitochondrial genomes and the characterization of the non-recombinant region of the Y chromosome in 26 males. For both markers, we built comprehensive datasets of various populations from the surrounding geographical area, northwestern South America, NW, with a known linguistic affiliation, and we could then compare our sample against the overall variability to infer relationships with other Barbacoan people and with other NW natives. We found contrasting patterns of genetic diversity for the two markers, but generally, our results indicated a possible common origin between the Tsachilas, the Chachi, and other Ecuadorian and Colombian Barbacoans and are suggestive of an interesting ancient linkage to the Inca invaders in Yumbo country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullia Di Corcia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, 00173 Rome, Italy; (C.M.-L.); (O.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.D.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppina Scano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, 00173 Rome, Italy; (C.M.-L.); (O.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.D.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Cristina Martínez-Labarga
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, 00173 Rome, Italy; (C.M.-L.); (O.R.)
| | - Stefania Sarno
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.S.); (S.D.F.)
| | - Sara De Fanti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.S.); (S.D.F.)
- Interdepartmental Centre Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Department of Cultural Heritage (DBC), University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani, 1, 40121 Ravenna, Italy;
| | - Olga Rickards
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, 00173 Rome, Italy; (C.M.-L.); (O.R.)
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Davidson R, Fehren-Schmitz L, Llamas B. A Multidisciplinary Review of the Inka Imperial Resettlement Policy and Implications for Future Investigations. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:215. [PMID: 33540755 PMCID: PMC7913103 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rulers of the Inka empire conquered approximately 2 million km2 of the South American Andes in just under 100 years from 1438-1533 CE. Inside the empire, the elite conducted a systematic resettlement of the many Indigenous peoples in the Andes that had been rapidly colonised. The nature of this resettlement phenomenon is recorded within the Spanish colonial ethnohistorical record. Here we have broadly characterised the resettlement policy, despite the often incomplete and conflicting details in the descriptions. We then review research from multiple disciplines that investigate the empirical reality of the Inka resettlement policy, including stable isotope analysis, intentional cranial deformation morphology, ceramic artefact chemical analyses and genetics. Further, we discuss the benefits and limitations of each discipline for investigating the resettlement policy and emphasise their collective value in an interdisciplinary characterisation of the resettlement policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Davidson
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Lars Fehren-Schmitz
- UCSC Paleogenomics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
- UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Bastien Llamas
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics (NCIG), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Tatarinova TV, Baranova AV, Anashkina AA, Orlov YL. Genomics and Systems Biology at the "Century of Human Population Genetics" conference. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:592. [PMID: 32912158 PMCID: PMC7487983 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Tatarinova
- La Verne University, La Verne, CA, 91750, USA
- Department of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660074, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Ancha V Baranova
- George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yuriy L Orlov
- The Digital Health Institute, I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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