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Li AM, He WZ, Wei JL, Chen ZL, Liao F, Qin CX, Pan YQ, Shang XK, Lakshmanan P, Wang M, Tan HW, Huang DL. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Genes Related to Sex Determination and Differentiation in Sugarcane Borer (Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060500. [PMID: 35735837 PMCID: PMC9225334 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer is an important sugarcane pest globally. The identification of key genes associated with sex determination and differentiation will provide important basic information for the sterile insect technique control strategy. In this study, the comparative transcriptomic analysis of female and male adults revealed sex-biased gene expression, indicating putative genetic elements of sex determination and differentiation in this species. Abstract Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer is an important sugarcane pest globally. Along with genetic modification strategies, the sterile insect technique (SIT) has gained more attention as an environment-friendly method for pest control. The identification of key genes associated with sex determination and differentiation will provide important basic information for this control strategy. As such, the transcriptome sequencing of female and male adults was conducted in order to understand the sex-biased gene expression and molecular basis of sex determination and differentiation in this species. A total of 60,429 unigenes were obtained; among them, 34,847 genes were annotated. Furthermore, 11,121 deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 8986 were male-biased and 2135 were female-biased genes. The male-biased genes were enriched for carbon metabolism, peptidase activity and transmembrane transport, while the female-biased genes were enriched for the cell cycle, DNA replication, and the MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, 102 genes related to sex-determination and differentiation were identified, including the protein toll, ejaculatory bulb-specific protein, fruitless, transformer-2, sex-lethal, beta-Catenin, sox, gata4, beta-tubulin, cytosol aminopeptidase, seminal fluid, and wnt4. Furthermore, transcription factors such as myb, bhlh and homeobox were also found to be potentially related to sex determination and differentiation in this species. Our data provide new insights into the genetic elements associated with sex determination and differentiation in Chilo sacchariphagus, and identified potential candidate genes to develop pest-control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530007, China; (A.-M.L.); (W.-Z.H.); (J.-L.W.); (Z.-L.C.); (F.L.); (C.-X.Q.); (Y.-Q.P.); (X.-K.S.); (P.L.); (M.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Wei-Zhong He
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530007, China; (A.-M.L.); (W.-Z.H.); (J.-L.W.); (Z.-L.C.); (F.L.); (C.-X.Q.); (Y.-Q.P.); (X.-K.S.); (P.L.); (M.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Ji-Li Wei
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530007, China; (A.-M.L.); (W.-Z.H.); (J.-L.W.); (Z.-L.C.); (F.L.); (C.-X.Q.); (Y.-Q.P.); (X.-K.S.); (P.L.); (M.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530007, China; (A.-M.L.); (W.-Z.H.); (J.-L.W.); (Z.-L.C.); (F.L.); (C.-X.Q.); (Y.-Q.P.); (X.-K.S.); (P.L.); (M.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Fen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530007, China; (A.-M.L.); (W.-Z.H.); (J.-L.W.); (Z.-L.C.); (F.L.); (C.-X.Q.); (Y.-Q.P.); (X.-K.S.); (P.L.); (M.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Cui-Xian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530007, China; (A.-M.L.); (W.-Z.H.); (J.-L.W.); (Z.-L.C.); (F.L.); (C.-X.Q.); (Y.-Q.P.); (X.-K.S.); (P.L.); (M.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - You-Qiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530007, China; (A.-M.L.); (W.-Z.H.); (J.-L.W.); (Z.-L.C.); (F.L.); (C.-X.Q.); (Y.-Q.P.); (X.-K.S.); (P.L.); (M.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Xian-Kun Shang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530007, China; (A.-M.L.); (W.-Z.H.); (J.-L.W.); (Z.-L.C.); (F.L.); (C.-X.Q.); (Y.-Q.P.); (X.-K.S.); (P.L.); (M.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530007, China; (A.-M.L.); (W.-Z.H.); (J.-L.W.); (Z.-L.C.); (F.L.); (C.-X.Q.); (Y.-Q.P.); (X.-K.S.); (P.L.); (M.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530007, China; (A.-M.L.); (W.-Z.H.); (J.-L.W.); (Z.-L.C.); (F.L.); (C.-X.Q.); (Y.-Q.P.); (X.-K.S.); (P.L.); (M.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Hong-Wei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530007, China; (A.-M.L.); (W.-Z.H.); (J.-L.W.); (Z.-L.C.); (F.L.); (C.-X.Q.); (Y.-Q.P.); (X.-K.S.); (P.L.); (M.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- Correspondence: (H.-W.T.); (D.-L.H.)
| | - Dong-Liang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530007, China; (A.-M.L.); (W.-Z.H.); (J.-L.W.); (Z.-L.C.); (F.L.); (C.-X.Q.); (Y.-Q.P.); (X.-K.S.); (P.L.); (M.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- Correspondence: (H.-W.T.); (D.-L.H.)
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Simon S, Breeschoten T, Jansen HJ, Dirks RP, Schranz ME, Ros VID. Genome and transcriptome analysis of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua reveals targets for pest control. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab311. [PMID: 34557910 PMCID: PMC8527508 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) includes some of the most infamous insect pests of cultivated plants including Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera litura, and Spodoptera exigua. To effectively develop targeted pest control strategies for diverse Spodoptera species, genomic resources are highly desired. To this aim, we provide the genome assembly and developmental transcriptome comprising all major life stages of S. exigua, the beet armyworm. Spodoptera exigua is a polyphagous herbivore that can feed on > 130 host plants, including several economically important crops. The 419 Mb beet armyworm genome was sequenced from a female S. exigua pupa. Using a hybrid genome sequencing approach (Nanopore long-read data and Illumina short read), a high-quality genome assembly was achieved (N50 = 1.1 Mb). An official gene set (18,477 transcripts) was generated by automatic annotation and by using transcriptomic RNA-seq datasets of 18 S. exigua samples as supporting evidence. In-depth analyses of developmental stage-specific expression combined with gene tree analyses of identified homologous genes across Lepidoptera genomes revealed four potential genes of interest (three of them Spodoptera-specific) upregulated during first- and third-instar larval stages for targeted pest-outbreak management. The beet armyworm genome sequence and developmental transcriptome covering all major developmental stages provide critical insights into the biology of this devastating polyphagous insect pest species worldwide. In addition, comparative genomic analyses across Lepidoptera significantly advance our knowledge to further control other invasive Spodoptera species and reveals potential lineage-specific target genes for pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Simon
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thijmen Breeschoten
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J Jansen
- Future Genomics Technologies, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ron P Dirks
- Future Genomics Technologies, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vera I D Ros
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Sex-Biased Gene Expression of Mesobuthus martensii Collected from Gansu Province, China, Reveals Their Different Therapeutic Potentials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1967158. [PMID: 34462639 PMCID: PMC8403048 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1967158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The scorpions, named Mesobuthus martensii, commonly called Quanxie (全蝎) in Chinese, have been widely used as one of the animal medicines for more than 1,000 years because of the strong toxicity of their venoms. Meanwhile, scorpions are sexually dimorphic in appearance, and many exhibit traits associated with sex-biased gene expression, including maternal care, mating competition, female mating choices, ecology, and even venom composition and lethality. This study aims to explore the differences in composition of the venom of scorpions of different sex using the method of transcriptomics. Whole de novo transcriptomes were performed on the samples of M. martensii captured from Gansu Province to identify their sex-biased gene expression. The conserved CO-1 sequences of the captured samples matched that of M. martensii. A total of 8,444 (35.15%), 7,636 (31.78%), 8,510 (35.42%), 7,840 (32.63%), 9,980 (41.54%), and 11,829 (49.23%) unigenes were annotated with GO, KEGG, Pfam, Swissprot, eggNOG, and NR databases. Moreover, a total of 43 metalloproteases, 40 potassium channel toxins, 24 phospholipases, 12 defensins, 10 peroxiredoxins, 9 cysteine proteinase inhibitors, 7 serine protease inhibitors, 6 sodium channel toxins, 2 NDBPs, 1 calcium channel toxin, 1 waprin-like peptide, 1 antibacterial peptide, 1 antimicrobial peptide, and 1 anticoagulant peptide were screened out. With the fold change of 2 and 0.5, p value < 0.01, and q value < 0.05 as thresholds, a total of 41 out of 157 (26.11%) toxin-related unigenes had significant differential expression, and this ratio was much higher than the ratio of differentially expressed unigenes out of all annotated ones (8.84%). Of these differentially expressed toxins, 28 were upregulated and occupied the majority, up to 68.30%. The female scorpions showed more upregulated unigenes that annotated with toxins and had the potential to be used as more effective therapeutic drugs. In addition, this method of omics can be further used as a useful way to identify the difference between female and male toxic animals.
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